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ICS 13.100
CCS C 68
National Standard of the People’s Republic of China
GB 14444-2025
Replaces GB 14444-2006
Safety technical requirements for spray booth
喷漆室安全技术要求
Issue date: 2025-10-31 Implementation date: 2026-08-01
Issued by the State Administration for Market Regulation of the People's Republic of China
the Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China
Safety Technical Requirements for Spray Booths
1 Scope
This document specifies the safety technical requirements for spray booths using flammable and combustible liquid coatings in painting processes, including general requirements, structure and materials, ventilation systems, electrical equipment, electrostatic protection systems, operation and maintenance, and describes the verification methods.
This document applies to the design, manufacture, installation, commissioning, inspection, operation, and maintenance of spray booths using flammable and combustible liquid coatings.
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents constitute essential provisions of this document through normative reference in the text. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies.
GB 4053.1 Safety requirements for fixed steel ladders and platforms - Part 1: Steel vertical ladders
GB 4053.2 Safety requirements for fixed steel ladders and platforms - Part 2: Steel inclined ladders
GB 4053.3 Safety requirements for fixed steel ladders and platforms - Part 3: Industrial guardrails and steel platforms
GB 6514 Safety code for painting - Safety of painting process and its ventilation
GB 12367 Safety code for electrostatic spraying
GB/T 14441 Terminology of safety for painting
GB 14443 Safety technical requirements for coating drying ovens
GB 15322.1 Combustible gas detectors - Part 1: Point type combustible gas detectors for industrial and commercial use
GB 15322.4 Combustible gas detectors - Part 4: Line type optical beam combustible gas detectors for industrial and commercial use
GB 50016 Code for fire protection design of buildings
GB 50058 Code for design of electrical installations in explosive atmospheres
GB/T 50087 Code for design of noise control of industrial enterprises
GB 50116 Code for design of automatic fire alarm system
GB 50140 Code for design of fire extinguisher distribution in buildings
GB/T 50493 Standard for design of combustible gas and toxic gas detection and alarm for petrochemical industry
GB 55037 General code for fire protection in buildings
GBZ 2.1 Occupational exposure limits for hazardous agents in the workplace - Part 1: Chemical hazardous agents
GBZ 2.2 Occupational exposure limits for hazardous agents in the workplace - Part 2: Physical agents
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 14441 and the following apply.
3.1
spray booth
a fully or partially enclosed non-building enclosure structure specifically used for spraying liquid coatings.
3.2
spraying area
an area where flammable or combustible vapors, paint mists, or accumulations of combustible residues exist due to spray painting operations.
3.3
control wind speed
the average air velocity measured in a section perpendicular to the main airflow at a height of 1.5 meters above the standing floor level of the operator.
3.4
overspray
the phenomenon where paint mist does not adhere to the workpiece during the spraying process.
3.5
dry-type spray booth
a spray booth that does not require a water washing system and uses dry media based on mechanisms such as impingement, filtration, and adsorption to remove overspray from the exhaust airflow.
3.6
wet-type spray booth
a spray booth that uses water or other liquid media based on washing mechanisms to remove overspray from the exhaust airflow.
3.7
paint mist collector and gathering device
a system within the spray booth used to capture and collect overspray from the exhaust airflow, preventing its direct release outdoors and facilitating recovery and treatment.
3.8
booth for electrostatic paint spraying
a fully or partially enclosed non-building enclosure structure specifically used for spraying liquid coatings using electrostatic spraying methods.
3.9
dynamic & static pressure chamber
a chamber equipped with dynamic and static pressure filter boxes in the air supply system to form a stable airflow.
4 General Requirements
4.1 The spray area shall include:
a) The interior of the spray booth and the connected exhaust system or the interior of the exhaust stack;
b) Any place directly sprayed with coating, any area in the direct path of the spraying process, the interior of any exhaust chamber or paint mist collection device, and the interior of any air recirculation filter house or hood (including secondary recirculation particulate filters);
c) Connected flash-off rooms and low-lying areas such as trenches and pits connected to the spray booth;
d) Other internal areas where hazardous quantities of flammable or combustible vapors, paint mists, etc., still exist due to spray painting operations.
4.2 Spray booths shall be equipped with safety ventilation devices and paint mist collection devices.
4.3 During spray painting operations, measures such as maintaining negative pressure inside the booth shall be taken to prevent gases from the spray area from escaping into the workshop.
4.4 During spraying operations, the allowable concentrations of toxic substances in the workplace air shall comply with GBZ 2.1. Air exhausted from the spray booth containing harmful gases shall not be directly recirculated into spray booths where personnel are operating.
4.5 Spray booths shall be equipped with combustible gas detection and alarm systems. The installation of combustible gas detectors shall comply with the requirements of GB/T 50493 regarding type, measuring range, alarm value setting, and installation location. The alarm concentration shall not exceed 25% of the lower explosion limit (LEL) of the monitored combustible gas. Combustible gas detectors shall comply with GB 15322.1 and GB 15322.4.
4.6 The safety of spray booths using electrostatic spraying methods shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB 6514 and GB 12367.
Note: For common classifications of spray booths, see Appendix A.
4.7 Fire protection facilities for spray booths shall comply with GB 55037 and GB 50016. Automatic fire alarm devices shall be installed in accordance with GB 50116. Large spray booths used for continuous spraying operations shall be equipped with automatic fire extinguishing systems.
4.8 Fire extinguishers in spray booths shall be configured according to GB 50140.
4.9 When powered vehicles move within the spray booth, spraying operations shall be stopped, and the ventilation system shall be in operation.
4.10 When the height of operating platforms and maintenance work platforms exceeds 0.5 meters, the relevant safety provisions of GB 4053.1, GB 4053.2, and GB 4053.3 shall be complied with. The space occupied by operator positions within the spray booth shall ensure sufficient room for movement and operation.
4.11 The noise levels generated by ancillary components such as fans, pumps, motors, and valves associated with the spray booth shall comply with GB/T 50087 and GBZ 2.2.
4.12 Vibration damping, isolation, noise reduction, and sound insulation measures shall be applied to all noise source components of the spray booth and their associated air ducts and water pipes to ensure that the noise level at operator positions complies with GBZ 2.2 and Table 1.
5 Equipment and Facilities
5.1 Booth Structure
5.1.1 The spray booth and its connected air supply and exhaust ducts shall be constructed from non-combustible or flame-retardant materials or components.
5.1.2 The spray booth structure shall have sufficient strength, stiffness, and corrosion resistance. Corrosion protection and anti-slip measures appropriate to their characteristics shall be adopted in damp areas.
5.1.3 The inner surfaces of the booth shall be smooth, continuous, and free of sharp edges.
5.1.4 For unmanned spray booths, safety devices to prevent accidental entry shall be installed at workpiece entry/exit points and personnel access/maintenance doors. These safety devices shall be interlocked with the automatic spraying equipment, stopping the spraying operation if a door is opened accidentally.
5.1.5 Heaters configured for the air supply system of the spray booth shall be located outside the spray booth.
5.1.6 Spray booths shall be equipped with outward-opening emergency exits. The width of personnel access doors, emergency exits, and maintenance doors shall not be less than 0.9 m. The clear height of internal passages shall not be less than 2 m. Access routes from any operating position inside the spray booth to an emergency exit shall be unobstructed.
5.2 Paint Mist Collection Device
5.2.1 Fire prevention and electrostatic protection measures shall be taken during the use, replacement, and handling of filter materials and paint mist collection media in dry-type spray booths.
5.2.2 Large dry-type paint mist collection devices used in continuous spraying operations shall be equipped with automatic fire alarm and automatic fire extinguishing systems.
5.2.3 Dry-type paint mist collection devices shall be equipped with differential pressure gauges. Filter materials and paint mist collection media shall be replaced promptly based on the set differential pressure.
5.2.4 For wet-type spray booths using water as the paint mist collection medium, the paint mist collection device shall be equipped with an air-water separator and a collection water tank. A slag discharge port shall be provided, and the collection tank shall be equipped with a water level stabilization device.
5.2.5 For spray booths using electrostatic separators, the structure of the paint mist collection device shall ensure insulation between the high-voltage generator and the separator, and shall be equipped with a system for conveying and collecting the separation liquid.
5.2.6 Paint mist collection devices shall be provided with inspection doors or access ports.
Contents
Foreword Ⅲ
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 General Requirements
5 Equipment and Facilities
6 Operation and Maintenance
7 Verification Methods
Appendix A (Informative) Common Classifications of Spray Booths
Appendix B (Normative) Explosion Hazard Area Classification for Spray Booths and Open Coating Containers
Appendix C (Normative) Examples of Lighting Fixtures Inside and Outside Spray Areas
