GB/T 17693.21-2026 Transformation guidelines of geographical names from foreign languages into Chinese—Part 21: Hungarian English, Anglais, Englisch, Inglés, えいご
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ICS 13.220.10
CCS H 57
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T 17693.21-2026
Transformation guidelines of geographical names from foreign languages into Chinese - Part 21: Hungarian
外语地名汉字译写导则 第21部分：匈牙利语
Issue date: 2026-01-28 Implementation date: 2027-02-01
Issued by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
the Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China
Contents
Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 General Principles
5 Detailed Rules
5.1 Specific Terms of Geographical Names
5.2 Generic Terms of Geographical Names
5.3 Transcription Rules for Specific Letters
Annex A (Normative) Transliteration Table for Common Generic Terms and Words of Hungarian Geographical Names
Annex B (Informative) Transliteration Table for Common Personal Names in Hungarian Geographical Names
Bibliography
Guidelines for the Translation of Geographical Names from Foreign Languages into Chinese — Part 21: Hungarian
1 Scope
This document establishes the general principles and detailed rules for the translation of Hungarian geographical names into Chinese characters, and specifies the requirements for translating common generic terms and words found in Hungarian geographical names.
This document is applicable for the translation of Hungarian geographical names into Chinese characters.
2 Normative References
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
geographical names
Proper names assigned to various geographical entities.
[SOURCE: GB/T 38210-2019, 2.1]
3.2
specific term of geographical names
specific term
The part of a geographical name that distinguishes individual geographical entities.
[SOURCE: GB/T 38210-2019, 2.2]
3.3
generic term of geographical names
generic term
The part of a geographical name that indicates the category of the geographical entity.
[SOURCE: GB/T 38210-2019, 2.3]
4 General Principles
4.1 Specific terms of geographical names should be transliterated phonetically.
4.2 Generic terms of geographical names should be translated semantically. The translation of common generic terms and words in Hungarian geographical names shall be carried out according to the methods specified in Annex A.
4.3 Established conventional Chinese translations shall be retained. Derived names from these conventional translations shall use the same translated terms. Refer to Annex B for the transliteration of common personal names in Hungarian geographical names.
4.4 The translation of geographical names should preferably use the standard geographical names found in the latest officially published maps, gazetteers, dictionaries of geographical names, toponymy records, and other similar documents from Hungarian official sources.
4.5 The Chinese characters used for translating Hungarian geographical names are listed in Table 1.
5 Detailed Rules
5.1 Specific Terms of Geographical Names
5.1.1 Specific terms of geographical names (including generic terms that have become specialized, i.e., generic terms transformed into components of the specific term) should be transliterated phonetically.
5.1.2 Specific terms that clearly reflect the characteristics of the geographical entity should be translated semantically.
5.1.3 Personal names within specific terms shall be translated according to the following rules:
a) For specific terms named after a person, transliterate phonetically according to the conventional translation of the personal name, inserting a middle dot "·" between the given name and surname parts.
b) For specific terms named after a person bearing a title, the title should be translated semantically.
5.1.4 For specific terms consisting of a single-syllable word, the corresponding generic term should be added when translating into Chinese characters.
5.1.5 Adjectives modifying the specific term (such as those indicating direction, size, newness/oldness, etc.) should be translated semantically.
5.1.6 Specific terms with a certain meaning or those resulting in an overly long transliteration should be translated semantically.
5.1.7 Hyphens in geographical names shall be translated according to the following rules:
a) When translating the em dash "—" or the hyphen "-" within a specific term, a hyphen (as a half-width character) should be used.
b) A hyphen located between the specific term and the generic term should be omitted in the translation.
5.1.8 Examples of Chinese character translations for some specific terms of geographical names are shown in Table 2.
5.2 Generic Terms of Geographical Names
5.2.1 Generic terms should be translated semantically.
5.2.2 For names of natural geographical entities consisting only of a specific term, the corresponding generic term should be added when translating into Chinese characters.
5.2.3 When a generic term has multiple meanings, the translation should be chosen based on the category of the geographical entity it refers to.
5.2.4 Adjectives modifying the generic term should be translated semantically.
5.2.5 Examples of Chinese character translations for some generic terms of geographical names are shown in Table 3.
5.3 Transcription Rules for Specific Letters
5.3.1 The letter "m" before "b" and "p" shall be transliterated as "n".
5.3.2 The Hungarian language has no compound vowels. When two or more vowels appear together, each shall be transliterated separately.
5.3.3 Two identical consonants together are pronounced as a single consonant sound.
5.3.4 Examples of transliteration for specific letters are shown in Table 4.
