Helmets for firemen
1 Scope
This standard specifies the terms and definitions, classification and models, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules as well as marking, packaging, transportation and storage of helmets for firemen.
This standard is applicable to helmets for firemen during firefighting and rescue.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated reference, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 191 Packaging — Pictorial marking for handling of goods
GB 811-2010 Helmets for motorcyclists
GB/T 2410-2008 Determination of the luminous transmittance and haze of transparent plastics
GB/T 4744 Textiles — Testing and evaluation for water resistance — Hydrostatic pressure method
GB/T 5455 Textiles — Burning behaviour — Determination of damaged length, afterglow time and afterflame time of vertically oriented specimens
GB/T 9969 General principles for preparation of instructions for use of industrial products
GB/T 10000-1988 Human dimensions of Chinese adults
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
helmet for firemen
protective helmet worn by firemen to protect their heads during firefighting and rescue
3.2
shell
outer shell of the helmet for firemen
3.3
buffer layer
adaptive padding between suspension and the inner surface of shell, which can absorb impact
3.4
suspension
liner or gasket inside the helmet for firemen, which touches the top of a fireman's head
3.5
hoop
adjustable hoop inside the helmet for firemen for fixing, binding the head circumference
3.6
chin strap
adjustable strap tied to the chin so that a fireman can secure the helmet on his head
3.7
comfort pad
material padded inside the helmet for firemen to ensure comfortable wearing
3.8
retention system
complete set of devices to ensure that a fireman can secure the helmet on his head, which consists of the suspension, hoop, chin strap, etc.
3.9
face shield
telescopic protective face cover installed inside the shell or reversible protective face cover installed outside the shell
3.10
evening cape
protective layer installed at the lower edge of the helmet for firemen to protect their necks and ears from water and other liquids or radiant heat
3.11
accessory
devices attached to the helmet for firemen, including lighting device, intercom device, infrared detection device, camera, warning sign, etc.
3.12
basic plane
plane formed from the centers of a man's left and right outer earholes to the lower edge point of the right eye socket
Note: See Figure 1 for the basic plane.
3.13
reference plane
parallel plane at a certain distance from and above the basic plane
Note: See Figure 1 for the reference plane.
4 Classification and model
4.1 Classification
Helmets for firemen may be classified into full-face helmets and half-face helmets depending on structures and shapes.
4.2 Model
The helmet model shall be prepared according to the requirements as follows:
Example:
FTK-Q/A stands for full-face helmet for firemen, and its enterprise modification code is A.
5 Technical requirements
5.1 Materials and construction
5.1.1 Composition
Helmet for firemen (hereinafter referred to as "helmet") shall be composed of shell, buffer layer, comfort pad, retention system, face shield, evening cape, etc. Accessories may be installed as required.
5.1.2 Shell
The material and structure of shell shall meet the following requirements:
a) It shall be made of tough materials with flame retardancy, waterproof, insulation, heat resistance, cold resistance, impact resistance and heat radiation resistance;
b) The top of the shell may be made into a reinforced structure with or without ribs;
c) The inner surface of the shell shall be free of protrusions and sharp objects exceeding 2 mm in height and having a width of less than 2 mm;
d) The outer surface of the shell shall not have external protrusions with a height exceeding 5 mm, but shall not include the face shield turned over outside the shell, the hoop adjustment device and the accessories installed on the outside of the helmet.
5.1.3 Buffer layer
The buffer layer shall meet the following technical requirements:
a) It shall be made of materials that can absorb impact energy and are non-toxic and non-irritating to human body;
b) Shape, specification and dimension fit so that no displacement occurs when wearing;
c) Uniform thickness, covering the minimum protection range of the helmet.
5.1.4 Comfort pad
The materials and construction of comfort pad shall meet the following requirements:
a) It shall be made of materials that are comfortable, sweat absorbing, breathable, non-toxic and non-irritating to human body;
b) The comfort of wearing helmet shall be guaranteed.
5.1.5 Retention system
The material and structure of the retention system shall meet the following requirements:
a) The hoop, suspension and chin strap shall be made of materials that are comfortable, non-toxic and non-irritating to human body;
b) The width of the chin strap shall not be less than 20 mm;
c) The length of chin strap shall be adjusted flexibly and conveniently to ensure that wearing helmets is firm and comfortable, and it is convenient to release;
d) The hoop size shall be flexibly and conveniently adjusted within the range of 525 mm ~ 597 mm of the head circumference;
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Classification and model
5 Technical requirements
6 Test methods
7 Test rules
8 Marking, product specification, packaging, transportation and storage
1 范围
本标准规定了消防头盔的术语和定义、分类和型号、技术要求、试验方法、检验规则、标志、包装、运输和贮存。
本标准适用于消防员在灭火救援时佩戴的消防头盔。
2 规范性引用文件
下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。
GB/T 191 包装储运图示标志
GB 811—2010 摩托车乘员头盔
GB/T 2410—2008 透明塑料透光率和雾度的测定
GB/T 4744 纺织品 防水性能的检测和评价 静水压法
GB/T 5455 纺织品 燃烧性能 垂直方向 损毁长度、阴燃和续燃时间的测定
GB/T 9969 工业产品使用说明书 总则
GB/T 10000—1988 中国成年人人体尺寸
3 术语和定义
下列术语和定义适用于本文件。
3.1
消防头盔 helmet for firemen
消防员在灭火救援时戴在头上用于保护头部安全的盔形防护装具。
3.2
帽壳 shell
消防头盔的外壳。
3.3
缓冲层 buffer layer
位于帽托和帽壳内表面间吸收冲击能力的适体垫层。
3.4
帽托 suspension
消防头盔内与头顶部接触的衬带或衬垫。
3.5
帽箍 hoop
消防头盔内系箍在头围部分起固定作用的可调节的箍。
3.6
下颏带 chin strap
系在下颏上，将消防头盔牢固戴在头上的可调节的带子。
3.7
舒适衬垫 comfort pad
消防头盔内保证头部佩戴舒适的衬垫。
3.8
佩戴装置 retention system
保证消防头盔牢固地佩戴于头部的整套装置，由帽托、帽箍和下颏带等组成。
3.9
面罩 face shield
安装在帽壳内可伸缩的或帽壳外可翻转的面部防护罩。
3.10
披肩 evening cape
安装在消防头盔下缘，用以保护消防员颈部和耳部免受水及其他液体或辐射热侵害的防护层。
3.11
附件 accessory
附加于消防头盔上的装置，包括照明装置、对讲装置、红外探测装置、摄像装置、警示标志等。
3.12
基础平面 basic plane
由人的左右外耳孔中心和右眼眶下缘点组成的一个平面。
注：基础平面参见图1。
3.13
参考平面 reference plane
在基础平面之上，并与基础平面保持一定距离的一个平行平面。
注：参考平面参见图1。
4 分类和型号
4.1 分类
消防头盔按结构和形状可分为全盔式头盔和半盔式头盔两种。
4.2 型号
头盔的型号编制方法应符合下列规定：
企业改型代号：A、B、……
头盔分类代号(Q为全盔式，B为半盔式)
消防头盔
消防员防护装备
示例：
FTK-Q/A表示全盔式消防头盔，企业改型代号为A。
5 技术要求
5.1 材料和结构
5.1.1 组成
消防头盔(以下简称头盔)应由帽壳、缓冲层、舒适衬垫、佩戴装置、面罩、披肩等组成，根据需要可安装附件。
5.1.2 帽壳
帽壳材料和结构应符合以下要求：
a) 采用质地坚韧，具有阻燃、防水、绝缘、耐热、耐寒、耐冲击、耐热辐射性能的材料制成；
b) 帽顶可制成无筋或有筋的加强结构；
c) 帽壳内表面不应有高度超出2mm且宽度小于2mm的突出物及尖锐物体；
d) 帽壳外表面不应有高度超过5mm的外部突出物，但不包括帽壳外翻转的面罩、帽箍调节装置和安装在头盔外部的附件。
5.1.3 缓冲层
缓冲层材料和结构应符合以下要求：
a) 采用能吸收冲击能量，对人体无毒、无刺激性的材料制成；
b) 形状、规格尺寸适体，佩戴不移位；
c) 厚度均匀并覆盖头盔最小保护范围。
5.1.4 舒适衬垫
舒适衬垫材料和结构应符合以下要求：
a) 使用体感舒适、吸汗、透气、对人体无毒，无刺激性的材料制成；
b) 保证头盔佩戴的舒适性。
5.1.5 佩戴装置
佩戴装置材料和结构应符合以下要求：
a) 帽箍、帽托和下颏带应采用体感舒适，对人体无毒、无刺激性的材料制成；
b) 下颏带的宽度不应小于20mm；
c) 下颏带应能灵活方便地调节长短，保证佩戴头盔牢靠舒适，解脱方便；
d) 帽箍应能在525mm～597mm的头围尺寸范围内灵活方便地调节大小；
e) 帽箍对应前额的区域应有吸汗性织物或增加吸汗带，吸汗带宽度不应小于帽箍的宽度；
f) 在施加负载的情况下，能用一只手解开佩戴装置。
5.1.6 面罩
面罩材料和结构应符合以下要求：
a) 采用透光、耐冲击、耐热和耐刮擦的材料制成；
b) 无色透明或浅色透明；
c) 面罩伸缩或翻转应灵活，开合过程应能随意保持定位。
5.1.7 披肩
披肩材料和结构应符合以下要求：
a) 披肩为装卸式，采用具有阻燃、耐热和防水性能的纤维织物制成；
b) 披肩的缝制线路应顺直、整齐、平服、牢固、松紧适宜，明暗线每3cm不应小于12针，包缝线每3cm不应小于9针；
c) 披肩脱卸应方便简捷。
5.1.8 保护范围
头盔保护范围见图1，其中全盔式头盔的保护范围为图1中ACDEF线以上的部分，半盔式头盔的保护范围为图1中A—A′线以上的部分。头盔保护范围的尺寸见表1。
