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For the purposes of this standard, the following subclauses are voluntary and the rest are mandatory:
3.1.2, 3.2.1 b), 3.2.4, 5.1.12, 5.6.2, 5.6.3, 5.7.1.5, 5.7.3.3, 5.7.3.4, 5.8.1.2, 5.10.3.2, 5.10.5.1, 5.10.6.3, 5.12.3.4, 5.12.3.5, 5.12.3.6, 7.1.5, 7.4.9, 7.7.11 d), 8.4.5, 8.6.1, 8.8.2 b) 2), 8.8.4, 8.8.7, 8.8.13, 8.8.16, 9.1.5, 9.5.7, 9.7.2, A.4, B.4.
This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009 Directives for standardization—Part 1: Structure and drafting of standards.
This standard replaces SY 5974-2007 Specification for well technology safety of wellsite, equipment, task. In addition to editorial changes, the following main technical changes have been made with respect to SY 5974-2007:
——the following subclauses are added [see 3.2.12 b), 3.2.12 d), 3.2.14 b), 3.2.14 c), 5.3, 5.4.4, 5.4.5, 5.4.7.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.9, 7.1.6 a), 7.1.6 c), 7.1.6 h), 7.1.8, 7.1.9, 7.2.1.4, 7.2.1.5, 7.2.4, 7.4.9, 7.7.6 g), 7.7.12, 9.1.5];
——the following subclauses are improved [see Clause 2, 3.2.3, 3.2.4, 3.2.5, 3.2.10, 3.2.13 a), 3.2.13 c), 4.1, 5.4.2, 5.4.6, 5.4.7, 5.7.1.1, 5.7.1.4, 5.8.1.3, 5.8.1.7, 5.13.4 b), 5.13.5, 6.2, 6.2.9];
——the wording of some clauses/subclauses is modified, e.g., "highway" changed to "road", "telecommunication" changed to "communication" and "rated working pressure" changed to "rated pressure" (see 3.1, Clause 4, 7.3.1.2);
——the following subclauses are deleted [see 4.1, 5.2.1, 5.2.2, 5.2.3, 5.2.4, 5.2.5, 7.1.13, 7.2.4, 7.2.4.1, 7.2.4.2, 8.1.4, 8.8.2.3 b) of 2007 Edition].
This standard was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of the Technical Committee for Standardization of Safety in Petroleum Industry.
This standard replaces SY 5974-2007.
The previous editions of SY 5974-2007 are as follows:
——SY 5974-1994;
——SY 6043-1994;
——SY/T 6551-2003;
——SY 5876-1993;
——SY 6309-1997;
——SY/T 5272-1991.
Code for safety technology of drilling wellsite, equipment and operation
1 Scope
This standard specifies the safety requirements for well site, communication and contact signals, equipment installation and disassembly, well site lighting, equipment color, well control design, installation and pressure test of well control device, well control operation and drilling operation in the oil and gas drilling engineering.
This standard is applicable to onshore drilling operations, and may be used as reference for drilling operations in beach and onshore areas.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 2819 General specification for mobile electric power plant
GB 5082 The commanding signal for lifting and moving
GB/T 19831.1 Petroleum and natural gas industries—Casing centralizers—Part 1: Bow-spring casing centralizers
GB/T 20972.1 Petroleum and natural gas industries—Material for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production—Part 1: General principles for selection of cracking resistant materials
GB/T 20972.2 Petroleum and natural gas industries—Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production—Part 2: Cracking-resistant carbon and low alloy steels and the use of cast irons
GB/T 20972.3 Petroleum and natural gas industries—Material for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production—Part 3: Cracking-resistant CRAs (corrosion-resistant alloys) and other alloys
GB/T 22513 Petroleum and natural gas industries—Drilling and production equipment—Wellhead and christmas tree equipment
GB 50034 Standard for lighting design of buildings
DL 409 Rules of safe operation in power industry (electric power line part)
SY/T 5087 Recommended practice for safe drilling operations involving hydrogen sulfide
SY/T 5172 Specifications for trajectory control in straight holes
SY/T 5198 Thread compound for drilling tools
SY 5225 Safety production technology procedures for fire & explosive protection of oil & gas drilling, development and storage transportation
SY/T 5347 Code of practice for drilling coring operation
SY/T 5369 Management and application of drilling tools—Kelly, drill pipe and drill collar
SY/T 5593 Quality index for drilling core
SY/T 5623 Prediction and detection methods of formation pressure
SY/T 5724 Design method of casing string strength
SY/T 5964 Combination installation, adjustment and maintenance of well-control equipments
SY/T 6277 Specification of hydrogen sulfide monitoring and protecting for operation personnel in oil and gas field involving hydrogen sulfide
SY/T 6543.1 Technology specification for underbalanced drilling—Part 1: Liquid phase
SY/T 6543.2 Technology specification for underbalanced drilling—Part 2: Gas phase
SY/T 6586 Site installation and inspection for drilling rigs
3 Safety requirements for well site
3.1 Road
3.1.1 For roads leading to the well site (including desert, forest, grassland, beach, mountain, swamp and other areas without roads), simple roads built for drilling construction projects shall have a smooth pavement during the whole period from well construction to well completion and well testing, and the bearing capacity of subgrade (bridge), road width and gradient shall meet the requirements for safe driving of vehicles transporting drilling equipment and materials and special drilling operation vehicles. In addition, the road curvature and the spacing of meeting points shall be determined by taking full consideration of safe passage of these vehicles.
3.1.2 The road to the well site should be built in front of the V-door (or left or right in front).
3.1.3 The height limit of structures extending into the pavement and crossing the highway on both sides along the road shall not be less than 5 m from the pavement elevation to the clear height of buildings.
3.2 Well site
3.2.1 Requirements for well site:
a) The well site shall have sufficient compressive strength. The ground is flat and slightly higher in the middle than the periphery, and has a good drainage with a gradient of 1:100 to 1:200.
b) Drainage facilities around the well site shall be unblocked, and intercepting ditches should be set around the drilling fluid settling pit or waste liquid reservoir to prevent natural water from entering.
c) The foundation plane shall be 100 mm to 200 mm higher than the well site ground, and shall also be well-drained.
d) Sufficient drilling fluid reserve pits (tanks) shall be provided at the well site, and shall be free from collapse, leakage and seepage.
e) Toxic substances in the well site shall be stored separately, with obvious marks of distinction, and shall be kept and distributed by special personnel.
f) Warning signs such as fences shall be provided around the well site.
g) After completion, the landscapes in the well site shall be restored as required.
3.2.2 All kinds of equipment bases in the well site shall be set on excavated foundations or artificially treated foundations with large bearing capacity, and the bearing capacity of the foundations shall not be less than 0.2 MPa.
3.2.3 The structure and form of drilling rig bases shall be determined according to the load of drilling rig and the bearing capacity of foundation.
3.2.4 The effective use area of the well site should be in accordance with those specified in Table 1 (excluding the occupied area of auxiliary facilities in well site such as mobile houses, power lines of other buildings, communication lines and pipelines outside the well site).
Table 1 Effective use area of well site
Drilling rig type Well site area
m2 Length
m Width
m
ZJ10 3600 60 60
ZJ20 3900 60 65
ZJ30 4900 70 70
ZJ40 9000 100 90
ZJ50 10000 100 100
ZJ70 12000 120 100
Drilling rig above ZJ70 >12000 >120 >120
3.2.5 The frequency and direction of local seasonal wind shall be considered in the layout of well site.
3.2.6 The equipment in the well site shall be reasonably arranged according to the terrain conditions and drilling rig types, which shall facilitate explosion prevention, operation and management.
3.2.7 The well site, drill floor, oil tank farm, machine room, pump room, dangerous goods warehouse, purification system, remote control system and electrical equipment shall be provided with obvious safety signs, which shall be hung firmly. Wind vanes shall be set at the well site entrance, derrick, drill floor and circulation system. Safe passage in the well site shall be unimpeded.
3.2.8 Special pipes for oil drilling shall be placed on special supports, the height of which shall not exceed three layers, with the edges of each layer being fastened with ropes or fixed with special facilities. The supports shall be stable and arranged in order.
3.2.9 Facilities such as duty room, power generation room, boiler room, materials room and fire fighting equipment room in the well site shall be arranged neatly and clean inside and outside.
3.2.10 A waste area shall be set up in the well site, and the wastes shall be stacked by category.
3.2.11 For well sites located on beaches and river banks, flood control and moisture-proof dams shall be built and other corresponding preventive measures shall be taken in flood and tide seasons.
3.2.12 Requirements for safety spacing:
a) For oil and gas wells, the minimum distance shall be 75 m from the wellhead to high voltage power lines and other permanent facilities, 100 m to residences, 200 m to railways and expressways, and 500 m to schools, hospitals, large oil depots and other densely populated and high-risk places.
b) Generally, the wellhead spacing shall be no less than 5 m between oil and gas wells, greater than the drill floor length of the drilling rig used in this well and no less than 8 m between high-pressure sulphur-enriched oil and gas wells and other wells, and no less than 20 m between cluster well groups.
c) The duty room, power generation room, warehouse, laboratory and other rooms as well as oil tank farm are not less than 30 m away from the wellhead, the distance between power generation room and oil tank farm is not less than 20 m, and the boiler room is not less than 50 m away from the wellhead in the upwind direction.
d) The distance between the living quarters and the wellhead in the drilling site shall be no less than 100 m.
e) When drilling in grassland, reed pond and forest area, a firewall or isolation belt shall be provided around the well site, and the width of the isolation belt shall not be less than 20 m.
3.2.13 Requirements for fire protection:
a) The well site shall be furnished with 35 L or above foam extinguishers with a total capacity of not less than 200 L, ten 8 kg dry powder extinguishers, two 5 kg carbon dioxide extinguishers, two fire axes, six fire shovels, eight fire buckets, 4 m3 fire sand, four 20 m-long fire hoses, and two straight stream nozzles with a diameter of 19 mm. These equipment and materials shall be placed neatly and cleanly in the fire control room. The machine room and the power generation room shall be furnished with three and two 8 kg carbon dioxide extinguishers, respectively. A certain amount of fire fighting equipment shall also be provided in the camp area.
b) Special person shall be responsible for management and regular maintenance of fire fighting equipment, which shall not be used for other purposes. Where fire fighting equipment is placed, the passageway shall be kept unimpeded, and the fire fighting equipment shall be accessible and hung firmly.
c) Smoking is forbidden in the well site. Hot work procedures shall be handled according to regulations for hot work in the well site.
d) In the construction of exploratory wells, high-pressure wells and gas wells, qualified fire pipeline interfaces shall be installed on the water supply pipeline.
e) The safety protection of fire sources and inflammable and explosive sources in the well site shall comply with the requirements of SY 5225.
3.2.14 Requirements for guy lines:
a) Guy line of V-door:
1) The guy line anchoring pit, 1.5 m in length, 1.5 m in width, 2 m in depth and 250 mm×1 m in diameter of pitwood (or reinforced concrete ground anchor), shall be 30 m to 35 m away from the wellhead, and shall be compacted with stones and soil.
2) The guy line, 40 m to 50 m long, shall be made of wire rope with a diameter of 19 mm, and shall be fixed firmly, with dead sheave fastened firmly at the end.
b) Guy line of derrick:
1) For derrick with guy line, the guy line anchoring pit shall be located on the extension line of the diagonal line of derrick, not less than 42 m away from the wellhead, and the guy line of the derrick shall be made of complete wire rope with a diameter of not less than 19 mm, and its tensile strength shall be greater than 2.5 times the load applied thereon.
2) The connection between guy line and derrick shall meet the requirements of the derrick operation manual.
3) The wire rope clamp shall fasten the clamp seat on the working section of the wire rope, with a U-shaped bolt set on the tail section of the wire rope, and shall not be alternately arranged on the wire rope. Both ends of the wire rope are fastened with three pairs of rope clamps corresponding to the rope diameter, with a spacing of 8 to 10 times the diameter of the guy line, the lower ends are bolted, and the distance between the first rope clamp and the lantern ring is not more than 200 mm.
4) The guy lines shall be properly tightened, and symmetrical guy lines shall have consistent tension.
c) The guy lines of liquid-gas separator and blowout preventer shall be set in accordance with the operation manual of the equipment.
4 Communication
4.1 Explosion-proof means of communication shall be used within 30 m from the wellhead.
4.2 Communication in the well site shall meet the requirements for normal communication with the production command organization within 24 hours.
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Safety requirements for well site
3.1 Road
3.2 Well site
4 Communication
5 Installation and disassembly of equipment
5.1 Safety requirements for installation and disassembly
5.2 Equipment installation
5.3 Disassembly, installation and lifting/laying-down of derrick
5.4 Installation of drill floor equipment and auxiliary equipment
5.5 Installation of power unit
5.6 Installation of oil tank
5.7 Installation of drilling pump, manifolds and hose
5.8 Installation and disassembly of drilling fluid purification equipment
5.9 Installation of liquid level alarm
5.10 Installation of electrical system
5.11 Electric welding equipment and its safe use
5.12 Lighting in well site
5.13 Equipment color
6 Safety management of contact signal and post operation
6.1 Contact signal on well site
6.2 Safety management of post operation
7 Well control design and installation, pressure test and well control operation of well control device
7.1 Drilling well control design
7.2 Installation of well control device
7.3 Pressure test of well control device
7.4 Usage of well control device
7.5 Management of well control device
7.6 Preparation, inspection and acceptance before drilling oil and gas reservoirs
7.7 Well control operation during oil and gas reservoir drilling
8 Drilling and auxiliary operations
8.1 First drilling after burying the conductor and before running the surface casing
8.2 Drilling after sealing surface casing
8.3 Single connection
8.4 Tripping
8.5 Replacement of drill bit
8.6 Drilling cement plug
8.7 Coring
8.8 Cementing design and approval
9 Special safety requirements for underbalanced drilling
9.1 Basic conditions for operation
9.2 Design and equipment
9.3 Training
9.4 Site preparation
9.5 Gas monitoring
9.6 Single connection and tripping operation
9.7 Emergency
Annex A (Normative) Shut-in operation procedure
Annex B (Normative) Shut-in operation procedure for top drive drilling system
