The batteries used in nuclear power plants - Part 4: Recommended practice for maintenance, testing and replacement
1 Scope
This part specifies the maintenance, test schedule and test methods of stationary batteries (including lead-acid batteries and nickel-cadmium batteries, hereinafter referred to as batteries except for special reference) used in nuclear power plants, and gives time guidelines for determining when to replace batteries.
This part is applicable to the maintenance, testing and replacement of stationary batteries used in nuclear power plants.
This part is neither applicable to other types of batteries and their applications, nor to batteries used in some special applications (e.g. emergency lighting devices and movable equipment, etc.).
This part does not include supervision and testing of any other components of the DC system (battery is a part of the DC system) or the DC system itself.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies.
NB/T 20028.1 The batteries used in nuclear power plants - Part 1: Recommended practice for sizing
NB/T 20028.2-2010 The batteries used in nuclear power plants - Part 2: Recommended practice for installation design and installation
IEC 60623:2001 Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Vented nickel-cadmium prismatic rechargeable single cells
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions established in NB/T 20028.1 and NB/T 20028.2-2010 as well as the following apply.
3.1
acceptance test
a constant-current or constant-power capacity test made on a new battery to determine that it meets specifications or manufacturer’s ratings
3.2
capacity test
a discharge of a battery at a constant current or constant power to a specified terminal voltage
3.3 performance test
a constant current or constant power capacity test, made on a battery after it has been in service, to detect any change in the capacity
3.4
modified performance test
a test, in the "as found" condition, of a battery's capacity and its ability to satisfy the battery duty cycle
3.5
service test
a test, in the actual condition, of a battery's capacity to satisfy the battery duty cycle
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Safety
5 Maintenance of battery
5.1 General requirements
5.2 Inspection
5.3 Corrective actions
5.4 State of charge
6 Battery test requirements
6.1 General requirements
6.2 Acceptance inspection
6.3 Performance test
6.4 Service test
6.5 Modified performance test
7 Battery test methods
7.1 Requirements
7.2 Initial conditions
7.3 Test duration and discharge rate
7.4 Capacity test methods
7.5 Acceptance, performance and modified performance tests
7.6 Service test
7.7 Restoration
8 Battery replacement criteria
8.1 Lead-acid battery
8.2 Nickel-cadmium battery
9 Record
10 Recycling and disposal
10.1 Requirements
10.2 Recycling
10.3 Disposal
Annex A (Informative) Charging status of lead-acid batteries
A.1 Parameters of battery discharge/charge cycle
A.2 Stabilized charge current used to determine a fully charged state
A.3 Electrolyte specific gravity used to determine a fully charged condition
A.4 State of charge / choosing float current
Annex B (Informative) Electrolyte specific gravity of lead-acid batteries
B.1 Effect of charging
B.2 Effect of temperature
B.3 Effect of electrolyte level
B.4 Effect of water addition
Annex C (Normative) Appearance inspection for the installation of lead-acid battery
Annex D (Informative) Urgent corrective actions of lead-acid batteries
D.1 Adding water
D.2 Connection resistance
D.3 Battery temperature
D.4 Equalizing charge
Annex E (Informative) Float voltage of lead-acid batteries
E.1 Battery with low terminal voltage
E.2 Battery with high terminal voltage
E.3 Effect of temperature
Annex F (Informative) Application selection
Annex G (Informative) Corrective actions for nickel-cadmium batteries
G.1 Battery with low terminal voltage
G.2 Water consumption
G.3 Battery pack with low terminal voltage
Annex H (Informative) Determination and charging of nickel-cadmium batteries in state of charge
Annex I (Informative) Test methods of IEC 60623
Annex J (Informative) Effect of prolonged float charge on capacity of nickel-cadmium battery pack
Annex K (Informative) Effect of temperature rise of electrolyte in vented lead-acid batteries
Annex L (Normative) Modified performance test methods and examples of lead-acid batteries
L.1 Objectives
L.2 Rules for modified performance tests
L.3 Modified performance test
L.3.1 Type 1 modified performance test
L.3.2 Type 2 modified performance test
L.3.3 Type 3 modified performance test
Annex M (Informative) Temperature correction factors of lead-acid batteries
Annex N (Informative) Calculation of lead-acid battery capacity
N.1 General
N.2 Comparison of time- and discharge rate-adjusted performance test methods
N.3 Capacity calculation example
N.3.1 Example - 15min duty cycle
N.3.2 Interpretation of data from tests carried out at the maximum discharge rate
N.3.3 Application of discharge rate-adjusted method for other end-of-life conditions
Annex O (Informative) Comparison of capacity test methods of nickel-cadmium batteries
O.1 General
O.2 Comparison of time- and discharge rate-adjusted performance test methods
O.3 Capacity calculation examples
O.3.1 General requirements
O.3.2 Example - 30min duty cycle
O.3.3 Interpretation of data from tests carried out at the maximum discharge rate
O.3.4 Application of discharge rate-adjusted method for other capacity calculation criteria
Annex P (Informative) Typical aging characteristics and end-of-life criteria of nickel-cadmium batteries
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