1 General Provisions
1.0.1 This specification is established in order to adapt the demand of highway bridge and culvert engineering construction of China, improve the construction technique level and guarantee the construction quality and safety.
1.0.2 This specification is applicable to the construction for all-level newly-built, renovated and extended highway bridge and culvert engineering.
1.0.3 The construction of highway bridge and culvert engineering shall meet the requirements of the design document and shall meet the requirements of safety, duration and energy conservation, and shall be of civilized construction.
1.0.4 The construction of highway bridge and culvert engineering shall comply with laws and regulations with respect to national construction engineering quality; the perfect quality assurance system shall be established to define quality responsibility, strengthen quality control and guarantee engineering quality.
1.0.5 The construction of highway bridge and culvert engineering shall comply with laws and regulations related to national safety production; the perfect safety production management system shall be established to define safety responsibility, strictly enforce safety operation specification, guarantee occupational health of construction personnel and guarantee safety construction.
1.0.6 The construction of highway bridge and culvert engineering shall comply with laws and regulations related to national environment protection, achieve optimal land utilization, less farmland occupation, pollution abatement and environment protection. After construction completion, various temporary works, temporary auxiliary facilities, temporary land, waste earth, etc. shall be treated timely for the purpose of achieving site cleaning upon construction completion.
1.0.7 The construction of highway bridge and culvert engineering shall positively popularize reliably-used new technology, new process, new material and new equipment.
1.0.8 The construction of highway bridge and culvert engineering shall not only comply with those specified in this specification, but also meet the specifications in the current relevant national and professional standards.
2 Terms
2.0.1 Ring curtain wall de-watering
It refers to a circle of water-separating curtain set outside foundation pit side line for the purpose of separating water source, reducing seeping water quantity, and preventing drift sand, bursting, piping, underground erosion, etc.
2.0.2 Large diameter pile
It refers to the cast-in-situ bored pile with diameter larger than or equal to 2.5m.
2.0.3 Super long pile
It refers to the cast-in-situ bored pile with pile length larger than or equal to 90m.
2.0.4 High strength concrete
It refers to the concrete with strength grade C60 or above.
2.0.5 High performance concrete
It refers to the concrete that is prepared with low water-cement ratio, large high-grade admixture and strict quality control measure under normal temperature by adopting common material and common process of concrete and has good construction operation performance and has high durability, high dimensional stability and higher strength after hardening.
2.0.6 Mass concrete
It refers to the cast-in-site concrete that the dimension of the minimum side is larger than or equal to lm and the measures must be taken to avoid crack arising from too large internal surface temperature difference due to hydration heat.
2.0.7 Surface factor of structure
It refers to the ratio of structure cooling area (m2) and structure volume (m3).
2.0.8 Span by span method with stepping formwork
It refers to the construction method by applying prestress span by span by virtue of longitudinally moved support and formwork on pier and by casting beam concrete thereon span by span.
2.0.9 Cast-in-place cantilever method
It refers to the construction method by applying prestress section by section through casting concrete beam to the mid-span symmetrically section by section with special equipment at along-bridge both sides taking the pier as the center.
2.0.10 Movable suspended scaffolding
It refers to the main process equipment that is used for bearing beam deadweight and construction load when casting concrete beam with cantilever method, capable of moving up and specially designed. The key component covers bearing system, lifting system, anchorage system, traveling system, formwork and support system.
2.0.11 Construction joint
It refers to the joint formed between before- and post-cast concrete due to design or construction required graded casting.
2.0.12 Balance cantilever erection method
It refers to the construction method by applying prestress section by section through assembling precast block of concrete beam to the mid-span symmetrically section by section with special equipment at along-bridge both sides taking the pier as the center.
2.0.13 Segmental construction span by span
It refers to the construction method by applying prestress span by span through assembling precast beam concrete block with special equipment span by span.
2.0.14 Support
It refers to a temporary structure used for supporting formwork or other construction load.
2.0.15 Corbel
It refers to the support assembled with embedded parts and steel members when constructing some cantilever parts of the bridge.
2.0.16 Incremental launching method
It refers to the construction method making temporary sliding support passing through each pier top position by casting or assembling beam in bridge head section by section, installing guide beam in front end of the beam, and longitudinally pushing (pulling) or hauling with equipment such as jack.
2.0.17 Camber
It refers to the correction opposite to displacement direction reserved during the construction or manufacturing with a view to counteracting the displacement (deflection) of such structures as beam, arch and truss produced under the action of loads.
2.0.18 Construction load
It refers to temporary load applied on structure or member in construction stage, including construction machinery and equipment, formwork and other materials, crowd, wind force, single-direction pushing force of arch bridge, etc.
2.0.19 Cable-stayed stability system
It refers to a specially designed temporary device, including wind cable and its auxiliary facilities, for the purpose of guaranteeing the stability of permanent structure or temporary structure during construction process.
2.0.20 Erection with cableway method
It refers to the construction method transporting and installing bridge members by utilizing cables supported on the cable bent tower.
2.0.21 Construction by swing method
It refers to the construction method by precasting two half-hole bridge span structures with topography and rotating and positioning mid-span closure on pier or abutment.
2.0.22 Test assembling
It refers to the assembling carried out before installation and construction in order to inspect whether the precast member meets the installation quality requirements.
2.0.23 Catwalk
It refers to the aerial construction passage erected for the construction demand of suspension bridge superstructure and generally supported by cables.
2.0.24 Airspinning method
It refers to an erection method forming main cable of suspension bridge by weaving single steel wire between anchors up and down.
2.0.25 Shop-fabricated parallel wire strand method
It refers to an erection method forming main cable of suspension bridge through hauling and positioning anchorage from one end anchor to another end anchor by prefabricating multiple parallel steel wire to cable strand.
2.0.26 Jack-in construction method
It refers to the construction method by utilizing equipment such as jack to gradually jack prefabricated box type or circular pipe type structure into subgrade in order to compose vertical crossing passage or culvert.
3 Construction Preparation and Construction Survey
Contents
1 General Provisions
2 Terms
3 Construction Preparation and Construction Survey
3.1 Construction Preparation
3.2 Construction Survey
4 Steel Bar
4.1 General Requirements
4.2 Processing of Steel Bar
4.3 Connection of Steel Bar
4.4 Colligation and Installation of Steel Bar
5 Formwork and Support
5.1 General Requirements
5.2 Formwork and Support Design
5.3 Fabrication and Installation of Formwork
5.4 Fabrication and Installation of Support
5.5 Dismantlement of Formwork and Support
6 Concrete Work
6.1 General Requirements
6.2 Cement
6.3 Fine Aggregate
6.4 Coarse Aggregate
6.5 Water
6.6 Admixtures
6.7 Additives
6.8 Concrete Mix Proportion
6.9 Concrete Mixing
6.10 Concrete Transportation
6.11 Concrete Pouring
6.12 Concrete Curing
6.13 Mass Concrete, Freezing Resistant Concrete and Seepage Resistant Concrete
6.14 High Strength Concrete
6.15 High Performance Concrete
6.16 Quality Inspection
7 Prestressed Concrete Work
7.1 General Requirements
7.2 Prestressed Tendon and its Fabrication
7.3 Anchorage, Fixture and Connector
7.4 Pipe
7.5 Concrete Pouring
7.6 Prestress Application
7.7 Pretensioning Method
7.8 Post-tensioning
7.9 Mud-jacking and Sealing Anchor of Post Tensioning Pore Path
7.10 Non-cementation Pre-stress
7.11 External Prestress
7.12 Quality Control and Inspection
8 Filling Pile of Drilling (Excavation) Hole
8.1 General Requirements
8.2 Bored Pile
8.3 Bored Pile in the Area of Karst, Exhausted Area and Other Special Zones
8.4 Large Diameter Pile and Super Long Pile
8.5 Post-pressure Grouting at the Pile Toe
8.6 Digging Hole Filling Pile
8.7 Quality Inspection and Quality Criteria
9 Sinking Pile
9.1 General Requirements
9.2 Fabrication of Pile
9.3 Lifting, Deposit and Transportation of Pile
9.4 Bearing Capacity of Trial Pile and Pile Foundation
9.5 Pile Sinking
10 Sunk Well
10.1 General Requirements
10.2 Sunk Well Fabrication
10.3 Sunk Well Floating and Positioning
10.4 Sunk Well Settlement and Implantation
10.5 Base Inspection and Sunk well Back Cover
10.6 Well Hole Filling and Top Plate Pouring
10.7 Quality Inspection and Quality Criteria
11 Underground Diaphragm Wall
11.1 General Requirements
11.2 Construction Platform and Guide Wall
11.3 Construction of Underground Diaphragm Wall
12 Open-cut Foundation
12.1 General Requirements
12.2 Rock-soil Cofferdam
12.3 Foundation Pit
12.4 Foundation Pit Excavation and Water Drainage
12.5 Foundation Treatment
12.6 Foundation Inspection
13 Extension of Foundation, Bearing Platform and Abutment
13.1 General Requirements
13.2 Foundation Extension
13.3 Bearing Platform
13.4 Pier and Abutment
13.5 Abutment Cap and Bent Cap
13.6 Slabstone Concrete
14 Masonry
14.1 General Requirements
14.2 Material
14.3 Masonry Abutment
14.4 Ancillary Works and Back Filling
14.5 Masonry Pointing and Maintenance
14.6 Reinforced Earth Abutment
14.7 Quality Inspection and Quality Criteria
15 Arch Bridges
15.1 General Requirements
15.2 Arch Center
15.3 Cast-in-place Concrete Arch Ring
15.4 Construction without Support or with a Few Supports
15.5 Construction of Swivel
15.6 Stiffening-frame Arch
15.7 Cantilever Placing Arch
15.8 Steel-pipe Concrete Arch
15.9 Assembled Concrete Truss Arch and Rigid Frame Arch
15.10 Steel Arch Bridge
15.11 Stone Arch Bridge
15.12 Structure on the Arch
15.13 Construction Control
16 Reinforced Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Beam Bridge
16.1 General Requirements
16.2 Cast-in-site Beam Bridge on the Support
16.3 Cast-in-place Hole-by-hole Construction for Forms on Traveler
16.4 Fabricated bridge Construction
16.5 Cantilever Placement
16.6 Cantilever Erection
16.7 Incremental Launching Construction
16.8 Whole-pore Precast Installation Box Beam
16.9 Slant Legged Rigid Frame
16.10 Splice Construction for Widening and Renovation of Girder Bridge
17 Stayed-cable Bridge
17.1 General Requirements
17.2 Cable Bent Tower
17.3 Main Beam
17.4 Inhaul cable
17.5 Superstructure Construction Control
17.6 Cable Stayed Bridge with Short Tower
17.7 Cable Stayed Bridge without Backstays
18 Suspension Bridge
18.1 General Requirements
18.2 Anchor
18.3 Cable Bent Tower
18.4 Cable Saddle
18.5 Catwalk
18.6 Main Cable Works
18.7 Rope Clip and Hanger
18.8 Stiff Girder
18.9 Self Anchorage Suspension Bridge
19 Steel Bridge
19.1 General Requirements
19.2 Material
19.3 Parts Manufacturing
19.4 Assembly
19.5 Welding
19.6 Welding Inspection
19.7 Member Bar Straightening
19.8 Treatment of High Strength Bolt Assembly And Friction Surface
19.9 Test Assembling
19.10 Surface Cleaning and Inplant Painting
19.11 Acceptance
19.12 Packing, Storage and Transport
19.13 Field Erection
20 Bridge in Ocean Environment
20.1 General Requirements
20.2 Epoxy Coated Reinforcement
20.3 Concrete Works
20.4 Foundation and Abutment
20.5 Anti-corrosion for Steel Pipe Pile
20.6 Sdditional Anti-corrosion for Concrete
20.7 Oversea Construction Safety
21 Bridge Deck and Ancillary Works
21.1 General Requirements
21.2 Bearing
21.3 Expansion Device
21.4 Water-proofing and Drainage of Bridge Deck
21.5 Pavement of Concrete Bridge Deck
21.6 Steel Bridge Deck Pavement
21.7 Protection Facilities for Bridge Deck
21.8 Transition Slab at Bridge Head
22 Culvert
22.1 General Requirements
22.2 Concrete Pipe Culvert
22.3 Corrugated Steel Culvert
22.4 Inverted Siphon
22.5 Arch Culvert and Slab Culvert
22.6 Box Culvert
22.7 Culvert Extension
23 Channel Bridge and Culvert
23.1 Bridge and Culvert Jack-in Construction
23.2 Water-proof and Drainage
24 Construction in Winter, Rainy Period and Hot Period
24.1 General Requirements
24.2 Construction in Winter
24.3 Construction in Rainy Period
24.4 Construction in Hot Period
25 Safety Construction and Environmental Protection
25.1 General Requirements
25.2 Safety Construction
25.3 Environmental Protection
26 Project Handover
Appendix A1 Quality Acceptance Content and Standard of Welded Steel Bar
Appendix A2 Design Principles and Property Class of Steel Bar Mechanical Connection Joints
Appendix B1 Technical Requirements of Additives
Appendix B2 Concrete Preparation Strength Calculation
Appendix B3 Concrete Electric Flux Rapid Determination Method
Appendix C1 Calculation of Mean Tension Force of Pre-Stressed Reinforcing Steel
Appendix C2 Test of Pre-Stress Loss
Appendix C3 Fluidity test of Mud-Jacking Serosity in Post Tensioning Pre-Stressed Pore Path
Appendix C4 Free Bleeding Rate and Free Expansion Ratio Test of Mud-Jacking Serosity
Appendix C5 Test of Bleeding Rate among Steel Wires
Appendix C6 Test of Pressure Bleeding Rate
Appendix C7 Filling Degree Test
Appendix D Determination Method of Various Performance Index of Slurry
Appendix E Test Method of Test Pile
Appendix F1 Welding Process Qualification
Appendix F2 Ultrasonic Inspection
Appendix F3 Test Method of Antiskid Coefficient of High-strength Bolt Connection
Working Explaination of This Specification
