1 General
1.0.1 In order to meet the needs of highway bridge construction monitoring, improve the level of construction monitoring, to ensure the quality and safety of the project, the development of this regulation.
1.0.2 These regulations apply to the construction monitoring of new and expanded bridges of all levels of highways.
Article Description
For bridges with high technical difficulties and high construction risks, construction monitoring is generally required.
For example, cable-stayed bridges and suspension bridges, construction monitoring is generally required due to their complex structure, generally large spans, and complex and technically difficult construction processes.
For the combination system bridges, using the construction of the top push construction and section construction of the bridge, because of its complex structure or construction process is complex, the structure of the construction process for the system is constantly changing, construction difficulties, also need to carry out construction monitoring.
For girder bridges (continuous rigid bridge, continuous girder bridge) and arch bridges, construction monitoring is also required if the design documents require it or if the owner or the relevant management department requires it due to the large span, complex technology and high construction risk.
1.0.3 The construction monitoring of highway bridges shall be based on the structural characteristics and construction methods to monitor and control the internal forces and geometry of the bridge structure.
2 Terminology
2.0.1 Construction monitoring and control
A general term for the control calculations, construction monitoring, data analysis and feedback control carried out to control the structural state of the bridge structure during construction and to achieve the objectives of the internal force state and the geometry of the bridge structure.
2.0.2 Calculation for control
Design compliance calculations, construction simulation calculations, construction tracking calculations and parameter sensitivity analyses of bridge structures to obtain the structural internal forces and geometry of the bridge during construction.
2.0.3 Feedback control
By identifying and analysing the errors between the actual state of the structure and its predicted state, the bridge construction state is discriminated and the subsequent construction control parameters are adjusted according to the discriminated results.
2.0.4 Manufactute shape of the structure, the shape and geometry of the structure.
2.0.5 geometry state
The elevation, position, alignment, configuration, etc. of the bridge structure or member.
2.0.6 internal force state
The state of the bridge structure or member in terms of stresses, rigging forces, etc.
2.0.7 state of bridge accomplishment
The internal force state and geometric state of the bridge structure after the application of the secondary constant load.
3 Basic provisions
3.0.1 Prior to the implementation of bridge construction monitoring, a monitoring programme shall be prepared based on the official design documents and the approved construction organisation design.
3.0.2 Bridge construction monitoring shall include control calculations, construction monitoring, data analysis and feedback control.
3.0.3 Bridge construction monitoring is appropriate in accordance with data collection, monitoring programme preparation. The process shall be carried out in accordance with the following procedures: design compliance calculation, construction simulation calculation, on-site construction monitoring, construction tracking calculation, data analysis, feedback control and submission of monitoring results.
Article Description
Data collection is the preliminary work of bridge construction monitoring, the completeness and accuracy of the data is related to the quality of the subsequent specific work. The information generally includes design documents, relevant specifications, construction organisation design and relevant test research results, etc.
Monitoring results are the concrete embodiment of the bridge construction monitoring work, including construction monitoring plan, construction monitoring calculation report, construction monitoring stage report, construction monitoring total report and construction process submitted to the relevant monitoring data and feedback control documents.
3.0.4 Bridge construction monitoring results shall be used as bridge delivery information and included in the bridge technical file.
4 Control calculations
4.1 General provisions
4.1.1 Construction control calculations shall include design compliance calculations, construction simulation calculations, construction tracking calculations and parameter sensitivity analysis.
Article description
The workflow of the design compliance calculations is generally summarised in Figure 4-1.
4.2 Content of control calculations
4.2.1 The design compliance calculation shall be based on the design documents and the selected reasonable calculation parameters, taking into account the construction process, for the calculation of the strength, stiffness and stability of the main structure. The calculation results shall be compared with the design values to confirm the correctness of the calculation model and parameters.
4.2.2 The construction simulation calculation shall be based on the construction sequence and construction loads determined by the construction organisation design, and the calculation model and calculation parameters shall be amended according to the relevant test results to carry out the calculation of the construction process.
Article description
The purpose of the construction simulation is to obtain data on the structural internal forces and geometry of the bridge in the various construction phases and in the state of completion.
4.2.3 The construction tracking calculation shall be based on the actual construction process, in accordance with the monitoring data analysis and feedback control to update the calculation parameters and carry out the construction process calculation.
5 Construction monitoring
5.1 General provisions
5.1.1 The parameters for bridge construction monitoring shall include both geometric and internal force parameters.
5.1.2 Geometric parameters for bridge construction monitoring shall include foundation settlement, alignment of main girders, main arches and main cables, as well as deflection of cable towers and piers.
Article description
The geometrical parameters listed in this article are only the requirements for the construction monitoring of bridges. In practice, additional geometric monitoring parameters may be added as required according to the actual monitoring needs.
5.1.3 The internal force parameters for bridge construction monitoring shall include the stresses in the control sections of the main girders ↓ dwelling arches, cable towers, piers and other members, as well as the stresses in the main cables, diagonal cables, suspension cables? The internal forces of members such as ties.
Article description
The force state parameters listed in this article are only the basic requirements for bridge construction monitoring. Other internal force state monitoring parameters can be added in accordance with the actual monitoring needs in the specific implementation.
The main girders include those of girder and cable-stayed bridges, stiffened girders of suspension bridges and rigid girder arch bridges. The buckling and backing cables of arch bridges constructed using the cable-stayed method require internal force monitoring as they are very important for the alignment, internal forces and safety of the main arch.
6 Data analysis and feedback control
6.1 General provisions
6.1.1 Data analysis and feedback control shall include the following:
1 Identify the current geometry and internal forces of the bridge structure and determine whether it is in a predicted state. 2 Predict the effect of bridge construction errors on the geometry and internal forces of the structure during subsequent construction. 3 Determine whether to implement adjustments to the predicted data and construction plan during construction.
Article description
The main purpose of the identification of the internal forces and geometry of a bridge is to determine whether the actual state of the structure (e.g. elevation, alignment, internal forces, etc.) under current working conditions corresponds to the theoretical state (i.e. predicted state) derived from the construction tracking calculations, or whether there is an error between the actual state and the theoretical state of the structure.
The determination of whether the bridge construction is in the predicted state (within the error limits) is made by comparing the site monitoring data with the pre-defined control target state data based on construction simulations.
When the bridge construction process deviates from the control target state, the degree of impact of the error needs to be analysed, focusing on the impact of the next stage of construction target state prediction and the impact analysis of the bridge construction control final target, so as to provide a decision basis for whether to regulate the bridge construction process prediction data or construction plan.
Whether to implement adjustments or changes to the construction process prediction data or the construction programme is judged based on the results of the bridge construction error impact prediction analysis. Errors that are not related to the construction programme can be controlled by adjusting the construction process measurement data. For example, adjustment of the current structural state (e.g. adjustment of the reference cable alignment of the main cable of a suspension bridge, adjustment of the cable force of a cable-stayed bridge, adjustment of the tie force of a tied arch bridge, etc.), or adjustment of the construction parameters for the next stage (e.g. adjustment of the elevation of the moulds for the casting of sections of prestressed concrete continuous girder bridges and continuous rigid bridges, etc.); for errors directly related to the construction plan, changes to the existing construction plan are required.
7 Monitoring results
7.0.1 Bridge construction monitoring results shall include the construction monitoring plan, design compliance calculation report, construction monitoring phase report, construction monitoring general report and relevant monitoring data and feedback control documents submitted during the construction process.
7.0.2 The construction monitoring plan should include project overview, monitoring basis and objectives, work content, monitoring implementation, control methods, personnel and equipment arrangements, etc.
Appendix A Bridge Construction Monitoring Common Record Form
1 General
2 Terminology
2.0.5 geometry state
3 Basic provisions
4 Control calculations
5 Construction monitoring
6 Data analysis and feedback control
7 Monitoring results
Appendix A Bridge Construction Monitoring Common Record Form
1总则
1.0.1为适应公路桥梁施工监控需要,提高施工监控水平,保障工程质量和安全,制定本规程。
1.0.2本规程适用于各等级公路的新建和改扩建桥梁的施工监控
条文说明
对施工技术难度大、施工风险高的桥梁,一般需要进行施工监控工作。
如斜拉桥和悬索桥,因其结构复杂、跨径普遍较大,且施工过程复杂、技术难度较大,一般情况下需要进行施工监控。
对组合体系桥梁、采用转体施工顶推施工及节段硕拼施工的桥梁,因其结构复杂或施工工艺复杂,施工过程中结构受为体系不断变化,施工难度较大,也需要进行施工监控。
对梁桥(连续刚构桥、连续梁桥)和拱桥,如果设计文件要求,或者由于跨径大、技术复杂、施工风险高等原因,业主或相关管理部门要求进行施工监控,也需要进行施工监控。
1.0.3公路桥梁施工监控应根据结构特点和施工方法,对桥梁结构的内力状态和几何状态进衍监测及控制。
2术语
2.0.1 施工监控construction monitoring and control
为控制桥梁结构施工过程的结构状态,实现成桥结构内力状态与儿何状态目标而进行的控制计算、施工监测、数据分析与反馈控制等工作的总称。
2.0.2控制计算calculation for control
为获得桥梁施工过程结构内力状态和几何状态,对桥梁结构进行的设计符合性计算、施工模拟计算、施工跟踪计算和参数敏感性分析
2.0.3反馈控制feedback control
通过识别与分析已成结构实际状态与其预测状态间的误差,对桥梁施工状态进行判别,并根据判别结果对后续施工控制参数进行的调整。
2.0.4 制造构形manufactute shape of structure构件的制造外形和几何尺寸。
2.0.5几何状态geometry state
桥梁结构或构件的高程、位置、线形、构形等。
2.0.6内力状态internal force state
桥梁结构或构件的应力、索力等的状态。
2.0.7成桥状态accomplishment state of bridge
二期恒载施加完成后的桥梁结构内力状态和几何状态。
3基本规定
3.0.1桥梁施工监控实施前,应依据正式设计文件和经批复的施工组织设计编制监控方案。
3.0.2桥梁施工监控应包括控制计算、施工监测、数据分析与反馈控制。
3.0.3 桥梁施工监控宜按资料收集、监控方案编制。、设计符合性计算、施工模拟计算、现场施工监测、施工跟踪计算、数据分析、反馈控制及提交监控成果的流程进行。
条文说明
资料收集是桥梁施工监控的前期工作,资料的完整性与准确性关系到后续具体工作的质量。资料一般包括设计文件、相关规范、施工组织设计及相关的试验研究成果等。
监控成果是桥梁施工监控工作成果的具体体现,包括施工监控方案、施工监控计算报告、施工监控阶段报告、施式监控总报告及施工过程中提交的相关监测数据与反馈控制文件等。
3.0.4桥梁施卞监控成果应作为桥梁交工资料,纳入桥梁技术档案。
4控制计算
4.1一般规定
4.1.1施工控制计算应包括设计符合性计算、施工模拟计算、施工跟踪计算和参数敏感性分析。
条文说明
设计符合性计算的工作流程一般归纳为图4-1。
4.2控制计算内容
4.2.1 设计符合性计算应依据设计文件及选取的合理计算参数,考虑施工过程,进行主体结构强度、刚度和稳定性计算。计算结果应与设计值进行比对,确认计算模型及参数的正确性。
4.2.2施工模拟计算应依据施工组织设计确定的施工顺序和施工荷载,根据相关试验成果,修正计算模型和计算参数,进行施五过程计算。
条文说明
施工模拟计算的目的是得到各施工阶段及成桥状态的结构内力和几何等控制计算目标数据。
4.2.3 施工跟踪计算应根据实际的施工流程,按照监测数据分析、反馈控制更新计算参数,进行施工过程计算。
5施工监测
5.1 一般规定
5.1.1 桥梁施工监测的参数应包括几何状态参数和内力状态参数两类。
5.1.2桥梁施工监测的几何状态参数应包括基础沉降、主梁、主拱和主缆的线形,以及索塔和桥墩的偏位。
条文说明
本条所列的几何状态参数只是桥梁施工监测的塞本要求。在具体实施中,可以根据实际监控需要,增加其他需要的几何状态监测参数。
5.1.3桥梁施工监测的内力状态参数应包括主梁↓住拱、索塔、桥墩等构件控制截面的应力,以及主缆、斜拉索、吊索?系杆等构件的内力。
条文说明
本条所列的的力状态参数只是桥梁施工监测的基本要求。在具体实施中,可以根据实际监控需要,增加其他的内力状态监测参数。
主梁克括梁桥和斜拉桥的主梁、悬索桥的加劲梁、刚性梁拱桥的主梁。采用斜拉扣挂方法施工的拱桥的扣索、背索,由于其对主拱的线形、内力及安全都非常重要,因此需要进行内力监测。
6数据分析与反馈控制
6.1一般规定
6.1.1数据分析与反馈控制应包括下列内容:
1识别当前桥梁结构几何状态和内力状态,判别是否处于预测状态。2预测桥梁施工误差对后续施工过程结构几何状态和内力状态的影响。3确定是否对施工过程预测数据、施工方案实施调整。
条文说明
桥梁施工内力状态、几何状态等识别的主要目的是判断当前工况下,结构实际状态(如高程、线形、内力等)是否与通过施工跟踪计算得出的理论状态(即预测状态)相符,或结构实际状态与理论状态间存在误差情况。
桥梁施工是否处于预测状态人误差限值范围)的判断主要通过将现场监测数据与依据施工模拟计算事先制定的控制目标状态数据的比较分析得出。
当桥梁施工过程偏禹控制目标状态时,需对其误差的影响程度进行分析,重点是对下一阶段施工目标状态的影响预测及对桥梁施工控制最终目标的影响分析,从而为是否对桥梁施工过程预测数据或施工方案进行调控提供决策依据。
对施工过程预测数据或施工方案是否实施调整或变更,需根据桥梁施工误差影响预测分析结果进行判断。对与施工方案关系不大的误差影响,可以通过调整施工过程测控数据实现调控。例如,对当前结构状态进行调整(如悬索桥主缆基准索线形调整、斜拉桥斜拉索索力调整、系杆拱桥系杆力调整等),或对下一阶段施工参数进行调整(如预应力混凝土连续梁桥、连续刚构桥节段浇筑立模高程调整等);对与施工方案直接相关的误差,则需变更既有施工方案。
7监控成果
7.0.1桥梁施工监控成果应包括施工监控方案、设计符合性计算报告、施工监控阶段报告、施工监控总报告以及施工过程中提交的相关监测数据与反馈控制文件。
7.0.2施工监控方案宜包括工程概况、监控依据与目标、工作内容、监测实施、控制方法、人员及设备安排等内容。
附录A桥梁施工监测常用记录表