1General Provisions
1.0.1These Specifications are intended to provide standards and guidelnes for design of highway
tunnels.
1.0.2These Specifications are applicable to all classes of new, reconstructed or expandedhighway tunnels excavated primarily by drill-and-blast method.
1.0.3Tunnel designs shall fulfill highway functions and follow the basic principles of " safety .
durability,economy and environmentai protection" .
1.0.4 Highway tunnels can be grouped into four categories by length, as specified in Table 1. 0. 4.
1.0.8Tunnel design shall be such that land use is minimal, existing vegetation preserved whereverpossible and muck and sewage properly disposed.
1.0.9Tunnel design shall proactively and safely adopt new technologies , materials, equipmentand processes in line with relevant national technological and economic policies.
1.0. 10Highway tunnel design shall comply with relevant current national and industrial standards,in addition to these Specifications herein.
2Terms and Symbols
2.1 Terms
2.1.1 Highway tunnel
An underground passageway for motor vehicles, non-motor vehicles and pedestrians to passthrough. Highway tunnels are commonly classified into motor vehicle tunnels and mixed-usetunnels for motor vehicles, non-motor vehicles and pedestrians
2.1.2 Mountain tunnel
A tunnel featured by excavation through mountains
2.1.3 Drill-and-blast tunnel
A tunnel excavated bymanually or mechanically drilling boreholes, loading explosives and
controlled blasting
2.1.4Cui-and-cover tunnel
A tunnel byilt by cut and cover method
2.1.8 Emergency stop zone
An area inside the tunnel for temporary parking of faulty or inspection vehicles
2.1.9Cross passage
A transverse, nearly horizontal passage linking two tunnels or caverns, or linking the tunnel toground surface
2.1.10 Vertical shaft
A vertical excavation provided to improve operational ventilation or construction conditions
2.1.11 Inclined shaft
An inclined excavation at a certain angle to improve operational ventilation or construction conditions
2.1.12 Twin tunnels with small clearanceI'wo parallel tunnels constructed in sufficiently close proximity to each other such that one will havea structural impact on the other.
2.1.20 Distortional pressure
The pressure acting on the lining structure as a result of deformation of surrounding rock mass
2.1.21 Rock load
The pressure acting on the lining structure as a result of deformation or loosening of surroundingrock mass, It is a collective term for distortional pressure and loosening pressure
2.1.22 Eccentric load
Unsymmetrical load acting on a tunnel’s lining structure
3Tunnel Survey and Surrounding RockClassification
3.1General
3. 1.1 The content and scope of survey data to be collected shall be established according to theobjectives at each phase of the tunnel design.Scoping surveys shall also consider the highwayclass, tunnel requirements and size before carrying out data collection, survey, mappingexploration and test. The survey datashal be complete andaccurate to provide sufficientinformation to fulfil the design requirements.
3.6.5 The physical and mechanical parameters of each class of surrounding rock should beobtained from laboratory or field tests. If there are no test data and preliminary classification, theycan be selected from Table A.0.7-1 in Appendix A hereto. The shear peak strength of rock massdiscontinuity may be selected from Table A.0.7-2 in Appendix A hereto. If measurement data areunavailable , physical and mechanical parameters of each class of surrounding soil may be obtainedfrom Table A.0.7-3 in Appendix A hereto.
1General Provisions
2 Terms and Symbols
2.1 Terms
2.2 Symbols
3 Tunnel Survey and Surrounding Rock Classification3.2 Collection of available informatión3.3 Topographical and geological survey
3.1Genera
3.4 Meteorological survey
3.5 Survey of engineering environment
3.6 Surrounding rock classifieation
4Overall Design
4.1Ceneral
4.2Tuanel siting
4.3Tunnel alignment designClear section design
4.5Cross passage and parallel adit
4.7Construction plan
5 Building Materials
5.1 General
5.2 Material properties
5.3Properties of waterproof and drainage materials
6 Load
6.1 General
6.2 Permanent load6.3 Variable loads
6.4 Accidental loads7 Portal & Portal
7.1 General
7.2 0pening engineering7.3 Portal engineering8 Design of Lining Structure
8.1 General
8.2 Shotcrete and rockbolt lining
9 Structural Calculation
9.1General
9.2 Lining caleulation
Calculation for cut-and-covef tunnelCalcúlation for portalsWaterproofing and Drainage
10General
10.2Waterproofing
10.3Drainage
10.5Waterproofing and drainage for tunnels in cold regions
11 Special Types of Tunnels
11.1 General
11.2 Twin tunnels with small clearance
11.3 Twin-arch tunnel
11.4 Branching-out tunnel
12 Auxiliary Channel
12.1General
12.2 Vertical shaft
12.3 Inclined shaft
12.4 Parallel adit and cross passage
12.5 Duct and underground machine room
12.6 Intersection
13 Auxiliary Engineering Measures
13.1 General
14 Design of Tunnels in Special Geology
14.1 General
14.2 Swelling surrounding rock
15 Tunnel Subgrade and Pavement
15.1 General
15.2 Tunnel subgrade
15.3 Tunnel pavement
16 Seismic Design
16.1 Seismic fortification classification and standard
16.2 Earthquake effect
16.3Seismic design check
16.4Seismic measures
16.5 In-tunnel facilities
17 Reconstruction and Expansion Design
17.1General
17.2 Tunnel reconstruction and expansion scheme design
17.3 Tunnel expansion
17.4 Tunnel reconstruction
17.5 Additional tunnel
18 In-tunnel Reservation,Embedment and Structures
