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This standard is developed with a view to implementing the Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China and the Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, protecting environment, guaranteeing human health, strengthening the environment management and regulating the automatic monitoring of surface water.
This standard specifies the technical requirements for the construction, acceptance, operation, management, etc. of surface water quality automatic monitoring system.
In this standard, Annex A is normative and Annexes B and C are informative.
This standard is issued for the first time.
This standard was developed under organization of the Department of Environment Monitoring and the Department of Science, Technology and Standards of the Ministry of Environmental Protection.
This standard was approved by the Ministry of Environmental Protection on December 28, 2017.
This standard shall be implemented from April 1, 2018.
The Ministry of Environmental Protection is in charge of the interpretation of this standard.
Technical specifications for automatic monitoring of surface water (trail)
1 Scope
This standard specifies the technical requirements for the construction, acceptance, operation, management, etc. of surface water (excluding seawater) quality automatic monitoring system.
This standard is applicable to the automatic water quality monitoring system built by environmental protection departments.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard. For undated references, the latest edition applies.
GB 3838 Environmental quality standards for surface water
HJ/T 96 Technical requirement for water quality automatic analyzer of pH
HJ/T 97 Technical requirement for water quality automatic analyzer of electroconductivity
HJ/T 98 Technical requirement for water quality automatic analyzer of turbidity
HJ/T 99 Technical requirement for water quality automatic analyzer of dissolved oxygen
HJ/T 100 Technical requirement for water quality automatic ananlyzer of permanganate index
HJ/T 101 Technical requirement for water quality automatic analyzer of ammonia nitrogen
HJ/T 102 Technical requirement for water quality automatic analyzer of total nitrogen
HJ/T 103 Technical requirement for water quality automatic analyzer of total phosphorus
HJ/T 104 Technical requirement for water quality automatic analyzer of total organic carbon
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
automatic water quality monitoring
whole process of automatic collection, processing, analysis and data transmission of surface water sample
3.2
automatic water quality monitoring station
field part that completes the automatic monitoring of surface water quality, which is generally composed of all or several units of station building, water sampling and distribution, control, detection, data transmission, etc., and referred to as water station for short
3.3
automatic water quality monitoring center
system for remote monitoring, data transmission statistics and application of water station, which is referred to as data center for short
3.4
automatic water quality monitoring system
automatic monitoring system composed of water station and data center
3.5
conventional five parameters
five routine items in surface water quality monitoring, namely water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, electroconductivity and turbidity
4 Construction of automatic water quality monitoring system
4.1 General requirements
The construction of automatic water quality monitoring system mainly includes station site selection, station building construction, as well as water station units and data center construction. Among them, the instrument performance index shall meet those specified in A.2, and reference shall be made to Annex B for the system construction.
4.2 Station site selection
The principles of station site selection include the feasibility of station construction, representativeness of water quality, long-term monitoring, system safety and operating economy.
In order to ensure the long-term stable operation of the water quality automatic monitoring system, the selected station site shall have good basic conditions for station construction, such as transportation, power, clean water, communication, distance from water sampling points, head for water sampling, feasibility of water sampling in dry season and safety of operation and maintenance.
The monitoring results of the selected station shall be able to represent the water quality status and change trend of the water body under monitoring. River monitoring sections shall generally be selected in straight river reach with uniform water quality distribution and stable flow velocity, with the distance from the upstream estuary or drain outlet more than 1 km, which is consistent with or similar to the original routine monitoring sections in principle, so as to ensure the continuity of monitoring data. The section of a lake and reservoir shall have better hydraulic exchange, and its location shall be able to fully reflect the real water quality status of the lake and reservoir in the monitored area, and avoid the backwater area, dead water area and places that are easy to cause siltation and with aquatic plants.
4.3 Station building construction
For the station building construction, system construction shall be carried out by means of fixed station building, simple station building, small station building, stationary platform station on water or buoy (floating) station on water according to the actual situations, such as site environment, construction period, and installation conditions of monitoring instruments and equipment. The design and construction of the station building shall be carried out in combination with the surrounding environmental conditions such as geological structure, water level and climate, and measures such as lightning protection, earthquake resistance, flood control, low temperature protection, rat prevention, fire prevention, theft prevention, power failure prevention and video monitoring shall be taken. Waste liquid treatment and domestic sewage collection facilities shall be designed for the station building.
The construction of stationary station building includes the main building for bearing system instruments and equipment and external guarantee conditions. The main building consists of instrument room, quality control room and watch man living room. External guarantee conditions refer to the introduction of clean water, power supply, communication, opening roads, leveling, greening and solidifying the land within the jurisdiction of the station building.
Simple station building and small station building are suitable for water station construction with limited land occupation, complex geographical situation, short project construction period and the need of relocation or adjustment of monitoring section. The design dimensions of the station building shall meet the installation requirements of instruments and system integration devices, the materials of the station building should be light materials, and the station building shall have the functions of constant temperature, heat insulation, rain protection and alarm.
Fixed platform station on water and buoy (floating) station on water are a kind of monitoring system which integrates monitoring instruments on the platform, is equipped with solar and wind power supply equipment, and has the functions of warning, collision resistance and alarm.
4.4 Construction of water station units
4.4.1 Water sampling and distribution unit
The water sampling and distribution unit is the key part to ensure the normal operation of the whole system and obtain correct data. It must be ensured that the water samples provided are reliable and effective. The water sampling and distribution unit includes water sampling unit, pretreatment unit and water distribution unit. The water sampling unit includes water sampling mode, water sampling pump, water sampling pipeline laying, etc. The pretreatment unit equips pretreatment devices for different monitoring items, so as to meet the requirements of analysis instruments on sedimentation time and filtration accuracy of water samples. The water distribution unit directly supplies water to the automatic monitoring instruments, and the water quality, water pressure and water quantity shall meet the requirements of the automatic monitoring instruments.
4.4.2 Control unit
The control unit is the command center for the coordinated work of the various units within the control system.
4.4.3 Detection unit
The detection unit is the core part of the water quality automatic monitoring system, which is composed of automatic monitoring instruments that meet the requirements of various detection items. The selection principle of the instruments is that the measuring accuracy of the instrument meets the requirements of water quality analysis and meets the requirements of analysis methods specified by the state. For the selected instruments, the configuration shall be reasonable, the performance stable, the operation and maintenance costs reasonable, maintenance less and secondary pollution low.
4.4.4 Data acquisition and transmission unit
It is required that the data acquisition and transmission be automatically executed according to the analysis cycle, and that remote control, automatic encryption and backup be realized. For the acquisition device, unified communication protocol shall be adopted according to the national standard, realizing the transmission of data and main state parameters in a wired or wireless way.
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Construction of automatic water quality monitoring system
5 Acceptance of automatic water quality monitoring system
6 Operation & maintenance of automatic water quality monitoring system
7 Quality assurance and quality control
8 Data acquisition frequency and validity determination
9 Establishing guarantee systems
Annex A (Normative) Selection of surface water quality items to be automatically monitored and requirements for performance of instruments
Annex B (Informative) Technical requirements for construction of automatic water quality monitoring system
Annex C (Informative) Technical requirements for acceptance of water quality automatic monitoring system
