标准编号:	GB/T 8511-2018
中文名称:	振动压路机
英文名称:	Vibratory roller
中标分类:	P97    建筑工程施工机械
行业分类:	GB    国家标准
ICS分类:	53.100 53.100    土方机械 53.100
发布机构:	国家市场监督管理总局 国家标准化管理委员会
发布日期:	2018-12-28
实施日期:	2019-7-1
标准状态:	valid
替代旧标准:	GB/T 8511-2005 振动压路机
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	25000 字
翻译价格(元):	1750.0
交付时间:	付款后 1 个工作日

Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative. This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This standard replaces GB/T 8511-2005 Vibratory roller. In addition to a number of editorial changes, the following technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 8511-2005: ——The definition of amplitude uniformity is added (see 3.2); ——The product model preparation method is modified (see 4.2; 4.2 of Edition 2005); ——The series and corresponding parameters of roller operating mass are modified (see Tables 1, 2 and 3; Tables 2, 3 and 4 of Edition 2005); ——General requirements are modified (see 5.1; 5.1 of Edition 2005); ——Requirements for the operating mass of rollers are modified (see 5.2.1; 5.2.1 of Edition 2005); ——Requirements for the deviation of vibration frequency are modified (see 5.2.2; 5.2.2 of Edition 2005); ——Requirements for amplitude uniformity are added (see 5.2.2); ——Requirements for drive system are deleted (see 5.2.12 of Edition 2005); ——Requirements for operating force are modified (see 5.2.5; Table 5 of Edition 2005); ——Requirements for lubricating oil are deleted (see 5.2.7 of Edition 2005); ——The solid pollution cleanliness level of hydraulic oil is modified (see 5.2.7; 5.2.6 of Edition 2005); ——Climbing requirements are modified (see 5.2.8; 5.2.8 of Edition 2005); ——The minimum turning diameter is modified (see Table 1; Table 7 of Edition 2005); ——Requirements for oil/water seeping and leakage are modified (see 5.2.11; 5.2.14 of Edition 2005); ——Requirements related to safety and environmental protection are added (see 5.3; 5.3 of Edition 2005); ——Reliability indexes are modified (see 5.4.1; 5.4.1 of Edition 2005); ——Corresponding test methods are modified (see Clause 6; Clause 6 of Edition 2005); ——Table of inspection items is modified (see Table 4; Table 9 of Edition 2005); ——Inspection judgment rules are modified (see 7.4; 7.4 of Edition 2005); ——Requirements for marking, packaging, transportation and storage are modified (see Clause 8; Clause 8 of Edition 2005). This standard was proposed by the China Machinery Industry Federation. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Earth-moving Machinery of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 334). The previous edition of this standard is as follows: ——GB/T 8511-2005. Vibratory roller 1 Scope This standard specifies the terms and definitions, classification, requirements, test methods, inspection rules as well as marking, packaging, transportation and storage of vibratory rollers (hereinafter referred to as rollers). It is applicable to self-propelled, towed and walk-behind rollers. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 7920.5 Earth-moving machinery - Rollers and landfill compactors - Terminology and commercial specification GB/T 8595 Earth-moving machinery - Operator's controls GB/T 10913 Earth-moving machinery - Determination of ground speed GB/T 14039-2002 Hydraulic fluid power - Fluids - Method for coding the level of contamination by solid particles GB 16710 Earth-moving machinery - Noise limits GB/T 16937 Earth-moving machinery - Operators field of view - Test method and performance criteria GB/T 18148 Earth-moving machinery - Testing method of the compaction performance of rollers and compactors GB/T 18826 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) for industrial use GB/T 20082 Hydraulic fluid power - Fluid contamination - Determination of particulate contamination by the counting method using an optical microscope GB 20178 Earth-moving machinery - Machine safety labels - General principles GB 20891 Limits and measurement methods for exhaust pollutants from diesel engines of non-road mobile machinery (CHINA III, IV) GB/T 21152 Earth-moving machinery - Braking systems of rubber-tyred machines - Systems and performance requirements and test procedures GB/T 22358 Earth-moving machinery - Preservation and storage GB/T 25602 Earth-moving machinery - Machine availability - Vocabulary GB/T 25606 Earth-moving machinery - Product identification numbering system GB/T 25609 Earth-moving machinery - Braking systems of pedestrian-controlled machines - Performance requirements and test procedures GB/T 25614 Earth-moving machinery - Determination of sound power level - Dynamic test conditions GB/T 25615 Earth-moving machinery - Determination of emission sound pressure level at operators position - Dynamic test conditions GB/T 25624 Earth-moving machinery - Operator seat - Dimensions and requirements GB 25684.1 Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 1: General requirements GB 25684.13 Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 13: Requirements for rollers JB/T 5945 Engineering machinery - General technical specifications for assembling JB/T 5946 Engineering machinery - General technical specifications for paint coating JB/T 5947 Engineering machinery - General technical specifications for packaging JB/T 9725 Earth-moving machinery - Method of type designation JG/T 5076.2 Checking standard for the isolating system of the vibratory rollers ISO 11500 Hydraulic fluid power - Determination of the particulate contamination level of a liquid sample by automatic particle counting using the light-extinction principle 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this standard, the terms and definitions specified in GB/T 7920.5 and GB/T 25602 as well as the following ones apply. 3.1 amplitude uniformity ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the amplitudes at both ends of the vibration wheel to the mean value of amplitudes at both ends 4 Classification 4.1 Form According to form, there are self-propelled, towed and walk-behind rollers. 4.2 Model The roller model should be prepared according to JB/T 9725 or by the manufacturer. 4.3 Basic parameters 4.3.1 The basic parameters of self-propelled rollers shall meet those specified in Table 1. Table 1 Basic parameters of self-propelled rollers Item Light type Medium type Heavy type Extra-heavy type Operating mass (m) kg 1 000≤m<6 000 6 000≤m<14 000 14 000≤m<24 000 m≥24 000 Diameter mm 400~1 000 800~1 650 ≥1 500 Width mm 500~1 300 1 100~2 150 ≥2 100 Vibration frequency Hz 33~70 25~70 20~40 Nominal amplitude mm 0.3~1.5 0.3~2.5 0.5~3.5 Exciting force kN ≥14 ≥30 ≥150 Ground clearance mm ≥160 ≥250 ≥355 Maximum running speed km/h ≤15 ≤25 ≤15 Minimum outside turning radius mm ≤6 000 ≤7 500 ≤8 000 Climbing capability % ≥20 4.3.2 The basic parameters of towed rollers shall meet those specified in Table 2. Table 2 Basic parameters of towed rollers Item Basic parameter Operating mass Kg 8 000-30 000 Vibration frequency Hz 20~50 Nominal amplitude mm 0.8~3.5 Exciting force kN 60~1 000 4.3.3 The basic parameters of walk-behind rollers shall meet those specified in Table 3.   Table 3 Basic parameters of walk-behind rollers Item Basic parameter Operating mass kg 200~1 500 Vibration frequency Hz 30~70 Nominal amplitude mm 0.2~2.5 Exciting force kN 10~60 Running speed km/h ≤5 Climbing capability % ≥20 Curb clearance mm ≥75 5 Requirements 5.1 General requirements 5.1.1 The structural arrangement of a roller shall be convenient for use, repair, maintenance and adjustment. 5.1.2 The roller shall be in normal operation under the following conditions: ——ambient temperature: -10℃~+40℃; ——altitude: ≤ 2 000m. 5.1.3 All parts and components that need lubrication shall be equipped with lubrication devices that have reliable function and are easy of maintenance. 5.1.4 The mechanically-driven roller shall be comfortable to operate, e.g., realizing gear shift without clutch pedal. 5.1.5 The self-propelled roller should be equipped with traveling speed display devices. 5.1.6 The electrical system of the self-propelled roller equipped with cab shall have standard power supply interface for vehicles or rechargeable USB interface. 5.1.7 The seat of a roller shall comply with the requirements of GB/T 25624 and should be equipped with devices for adjusting height and rigidity according to weight. 5.1.8 When the roller is towed after the engine flames out, the steering mechanism should be able to change direction. 5.1.9 The fuel tank capacity of a roller with the operating mass of 8 000kg or more shall be able to meet the normal operation for more than 8h. 5.1.10 The assembly quality of a roller shall meet the requirement of JB/T 5945. 5.1.11 The coating quality of a roller shall meet the requirement of JB/T 5946. 5.2 Performance requirements 5.2.1 The operating mass of a roller shall meet those specified in Table 1, 2 or 3, and the allowable deviation shall be ±3% of the design value. 5.2.2 The vibration frequency shall meet those specified in Table 1, 2 or 3, and the allowable deviation shall be ±5% of the design value. The nominal amplitude shall also meet those specified in Table 1, 2 or 3, and the allowable deviation shall be ±10% of the design value. The amplitude uniformity of the vibration wheel shall be less than 10%. 5.2.3 The running speed of a self-propelled or walk-behind roller at each gear shall meet those specified in Table 1 or 3, and the allowable deviation shall be ±5% of the design value. 5.2.4 The vibration damping performance of a roller shall at least meet the requirements of permitted level given in JG/T 5076.2. 5.2.5 Each operating mechanism of a roller shall be light, flexible and reliable in positioning. Its control force shall meet the requirements of GB/T 8595. 5.2.6 The operators field of view of a self-propelled roller shall meet the requirements of GB/T 16937. 5.2.7 The temperature of hydraulic oil in the hydraulic system of a roller shall not exceed 90℃; the solid particle pollution level of the hydraulic oil shall be determined according to -/19/16 specified in GB/T 14039-2002. For the hydraulic system with piston pump, the solid particle pollution level of the hydraulic oil shall be determined according to -/18/15 specified in GB/T 14039-2002. 5.2.8 The self-propelled and walk-behind rollers shall be able to climb over the ramps specified in Tables 1 and 3 when moving at low speed. 5.2.9 When fuel and water are filled in the oil tank and water tank respectively to 2/3 of the tank volume, the force for picking up the frame at the location of traction connection device shall not exceed 250N. 5.2.10 The electrical system circuit of a roller shall be well connected, and the arrangement of all instruments, switches and buttons shall be reasonable to facilitate operation and observation. 5.2.11 The roller shall be free of oil or water seeping and leakage. 5.3 Requirements for safety, environmental protection and energy saving 5.3.1 The roller shall meet the compulsory provisions in GB 25684.1 and GB 25684.13, and implement the recommendatory provisions by reference. 5.3.2 The roller shall be affixed with a safety label which shall meet the requirements of GB 20178. 5.3.3 The braking performance of a self-propelled roller shall meet the requirements of GB/T 21152, and that of a walk-behind roller shall comply with GB/T 25609. 5.3.4 The sound power level of external emission noise of a roller and the sound pressure level of emission noise at the operator position shall meet the requirements of GB 16710. 5.3.5 The limits of exhaust pollutants from the motor of a roller shall meet the requirements of GB 20891. 5.3.6 If the driving cab of a roller is equipped with air conditioner, the air conditioner refrigerant shall meet the requirements of GB/T 18826. 5.4 Requirements for reliability 5.4.1 In the 600h reliability test, the mean time between failures of a roller shall not be less than 230h, and the operational availability shall not be less than 95%. 5.4.2 The reliability test of a roller may also be replaced by a 600h industrial test, and its index shall meet the requirements of 5.4.1.

Foreword i 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Classification 6 Test methods 7 Inspection rules 8 Marking, packaging, transportation and storage Annex A (Informative) Record form of roller test Annex B (Informative) Evaluation form of general item inspection and test Annex C (Informative) Record form of reliability test Annex D (Normative) Classification table of reliability test failures

振动压路机 1范围 本标准规定了振动压路机(以下简称压路机)的术语和定义，分类，要求.试验方法，检验规则，标志、包装、运输和贮存。 本标准适用于自行式、拖式和手扶式振动压路机。 2规范性引用文件 下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。 GB/T 7920.5土方机械 压路机和回填压实机 术语和商业规格 GB/T 8595土方机械 司机的操纵装置 GB/T 10913 土方机械 行驶速度测定 GB/T 14039—2002液压传动 油液 固体颗粒污染等级代号 GB 16710土方机械 噪声限值 GB/T 16937土方机械 司机视野 试验方法和性能准则 GB/T 18148土方机械 压实机械压实性能试验方法 GB/T 18826工业用1，1，1，2-四氟乙烷(HFC-134a) GB/T 20082液压传动 液体污染 采用光学显微镜测定颗粒污染度的方法 GB 20178 土方机械 机器安全标签 通则 GB 20891非道路移动机械用柴油机排气污染物排放限值及测量方法(中国第三、四阶段) GB/T 21152土方机械 轮胎式机器 制动系统的性能要求和试验方法 GB/T 22358 土方机械 防护与贮存 GB/T 25602 土方机械 机器可用性 术语 GB/T 25606 土方机械 产品识别代码系统 GB/T 25609土方机械 步行操纵式机器的制动系统 性能要求和试验方法 GB/T 25614土方机械 声功率级的测定 动态试验条件 GB/T 25615土方机械 司机位置发射声压级的测定 动态试验条件 GB/T 25624土方机械 司机座椅 尺寸和要求 GB 25684.1土方机械 安全 第1部分：通用要求 GB 25684.13土方机械 安全 第13部分：压路机的要求 JB/T 5945工程机械 装配通用技术条件 JB/T 5946工程机械 涂装通用技术条件 JB/T 5947 工程机械 包装通用技术条件 JB/T 9725土方机械 产品型号编制方法 JG/T 5076.2振动压 路机减振系统检验规范 ISO 11500液压传动 用消光原理进行自动粒子计数测定液态样品的微粒污染程度(Hydraulic fluid power—Determination of the particulate contamination level of a liquid sample by automatic par- ticle counting using the light-extinction principle) 3术语和定义 GB/T 7920.5和GB/T 25602界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 3.1 振幅均匀性amplitude uniformity 振动轮两端振幅之差的绝对值与两端振幅平均值的比。 4分类 4.1形式 压路机形式分为自行式、拖式和手扶式。 4.2型号 压路机的型号宜按JB/T 9725的规定编制，或由制造商自行确定。 4.3基本参数 4.3.1 自行式压路机的基本参数应符合表1的规定。 表1 自行式压路机基本参数 项目 轻型 中型 重型 超重型 工作质量(m) kg 1 000≤m<6 000 6 000≤m<14 000 14 000≤m<24 000 m≥24 000 直径 mm 400～1 000 800～1 650 ≥1 500 宽度 mm 500～1 300 1100～2150 ≥2100 振动频率 Hz 33～70 25～70 20～40 名义振幅 mm 0.3～1.5 0.3～2.5 0.5～3.5 激振力 kN ≥14 ≥30 ≥150 离地间隙 mm ≥150 ≥250 ≥355 最高行驶速度 km/h ≤15 ≤25 ≤15 最小外侧转弯半径 mm ≤6 000 ≤7 500 ≤8 000 爬坡能力 ％ ≥20 4.3.2拖式压路机的基本参数与尺寸应符合表2的规定。 表2拖式压路机的基本参数 项目 基本参数 工作质量 Kg 8 000～30 000 振动频率 Hz 20～50 名义振幅 mm 0.8～3.5 激振力 kN 60～1 000 4.3.3手扶式压路机的基本参数应符合表3的规定。 表3手扶式压路机的基本参数 项目 基本参数 工作质量 kg 200～1 500 振动频率 Hz 30～70 名义振幅 mm 0.2～2.5 激振力 kN 10～60 行驶速度 km/h ≤5 爬坡能力 ％ ≥20 路缘间隙 mm ≥75 5要求 5.1 一般要求 5.1.1 压路机的结构布置应做到使用、维护、保养及调整方便。 5.1.2压路机应能在以下条件下正常运行： ——环境温度：-10℃～+40℃； ——海拔高度：不大于2 000 m。 5.1.3所有需要润滑的零部件均应装有作用可靠、易于维护的润滑装置。 5.1.4机械驱动的压路机应操纵舒适.如：实现无离合踏板便可换挡的功能等。 5.1.5 1自行式压路机宜安装行走速度显示装置。 5.1.6 配有司机室的自行式压路机电气系统应配有车用标准电源接口或可充电的USB接口。 5.1.7 压路机的座椅应符合GB/T 25624的要求，宜配备根据体重调节高度及刚度的装置。 5.1.8当发动机熄火后压路机被牵引时，转向机构宜能转向。 5.1.9 工作质量为8 000 kg及以上的压路机燃油箱容量应能满足8 h以上的正常工作。 5.1.10压路机的装配质量应符合JB/T 5945的规定。 5.1.11 压路机的涂装质量应符合JB/T 5946的规定。 5.2性能要求 5.2.1压路机的工作质量应符合表1、表2或表3的要求，允许偏差为设计值的±3％。 5.2.2振动频率应符合表1、表2或表3的要求，允许偏差为设计值的±5％；名义振幅应符合表1、表2或表3的要求，允许偏差为设计值的±10％；振动轮的振幅均匀性应小于10％。 5.2.3 自行式和手扶式压路机的各挡行驶速度应符合表1或表3的要求，允许偏差为设计值的±5％。 5.2.4压路机的减振性能不应低于JG/T 5076.2中许可级的规定。 5.2.5压路机的各操纵机构应轻便、灵活、定位可靠.其操纵力应符合GB/T 8595的规定。 5.2.6 自行式压路机的司机视野应符合GB/T 16937的规定。 5.2.7 压路机液压系统中的液压油油温不应超过90℃；其液压油的固体颗粒污染等级应按GB/T 14039—2002中规定的-/19/16确定；有柱塞泵的液压系统其液压油的固体颗粒污染等级应按GB/T 14039—2002中规定的-/18/15确定。 5.2.8 自行式、手扶式压路机在低速前进时应能爬越表1、表3规定的坡道。 5.2.9拖式压路机当油箱和水箱分别注2/3的燃油和水时，在牵引连接装置处拾起车架的力不应超过250 N。 5.2.10压路机电气系统线路应连接良好，各仪表、开关、按钮布置应合理，便于操作、观察。 5.2.11压路机不应有油和水的渗漏现象。 5.3安全、环境保护和节能要求 5.3.1压路机应符合GB 25684.1和GB 25684.13中适用的强制性条款的要求、推荐性条款宜参照执行。 5.3.2压路机应粘贴安全标签，安全标签应符合GB 20178的规定。 5.3.3 自行式压路机的制动性能应符合GB/T 21152的规定；手扶式振动压路机的制动性能应符合GB/T 25609的规定。 5.3.4压路机的机外发射噪声声功率级和司机位置发射噪声声压级应符合GB 16710的规定。 5.3.5压路机用发动机的排气污染物排放限值应符合GB 20891的规定。 5.3.6压路机的驾驶室配备空调时，空调的制冷剂应符合GB/T 18826的规定。 5.4可靠性要求 5.4.1 压路机在600 h可靠性试验中，平均失效间隔时间不应小于230 h；工作可用度不应小于95％。 5.4.2压路机的可靠性试验，亦可用600 h工业性试验代替，其指标应符合5.4.1的规定。 6试验方法 6.1试验准备 6.1.1技术资料的准备 6.1.1.1试验中应执行的标准、压路机使用说明书、记录表格及必要的图纸资料等，各测试记录表参见附录A。 6.1.1.2试验前参见表A.1填写试验样机的主要技术性能参数。 6.1.2试验样机的准备 6.1.2.1清洗试验样机，去除油污、泥土及其他污物。 6.1.2.2样机应调试合格。 6.1.3试验场地的准备 6.1.3.1静态参数测定场地为清洁、干燥、密实的水平地面。 6.1.3.2平地制动距离试验场为清洁、干燥、平坦的沥青混凝土或水泥混凝土路面，该路面的纵向坡度不应大于0.5％，横向坡度应不大于1％。 6.1.3.3最小外侧转弯半径试验场地为经过压实的平坦地面。 6.1.3.4爬坡试验场地为经充分压实的清洁、干燥坡道，坡度为20％，坡道的测试距离应大于10 m，其前、后还应留有大于试验样机轴距1.5倍的辅助距离。 6.1.3.5可靠性试验场地为： ——场地形状为环形或直线形； ——场地平整，坡度不大于2％； ——场地的四周或两侧应有排水措施，场地地面不应有积水或漫水。 6.1.3.6施工现场为可靠性试验场时，场地情况视施工现场而定。 6.2静态参数测定和基本配置检查 6.2.1 主要尺寸 将试验样机静止停放在测量场地上并处于工作质量状态，转向轮的转角为零。主要尺寸按图1所规定的内容进行测量，测量结果记入表A.2。 图1压路机主要尺寸 6.2.2基本配置检查 在主要尺寸测定的同时，检查核对样机的基本配置，并将核对结果记入表A.3。 6.2.3工作质量 发动机熄火，制动器松开。测出压路机的总质量以及前、后轮的分配质量，测量结果记入表A.4。 6.2.4静线载荷 根据6.2.1和6.2.3的测量结果，按式(1)、式(2)计算前、后轮的静线载荷。结果记入表A.5。 (1) (2) 式中： P1——前轮静线载荷的数值，单位为牛每厘米(N/cm)； P2——后轮静线载荷的数值，单位为牛每厘米(N/cm)； m1——前轮的分配质量的数值，单位为千克(kg)； m2——后轮的分配质量的数值，单位为千克(kg)； g——重力加速度，单位为米每二次方秒(m/s2)，取g=9.8 m/s2； W91——前轮宽度的数值.单位为厘米(cm)； W92——后轮宽度的数值，单位为厘米(cm)。 6.3性能试验 6.3.1 振动参数 6.3.1.1试验工况如下： 样机处于工作质量状态，发动机处于额定转速。 6.3.1.2试验方法如下： 测定名义振动参数时，用支架和垫木将振动轮框架顶起，使振动轮悬空，使其处于无外载状态。 将加速度传感器安放在振动轮左、右轮缘的内侧(左、右测点位置与相应轮缘的距离应相等)，并使其与地面垂直。 起动发动机，油门置于最大供油位置，使振动轮起振，待振动状态稳定后，调整发动机至额定转速，测定出振动频率、加速度、振幅等参数。测定结果记入表A.6。 按式(3)计算振幅均匀性ξ，并记入表A.6。 (3) 式中： ξ——振幅均匀性； A左——振动轮左端振幅，单位为毫米(mm)； A右——振动轮右端振幅，单位为毫米(mm)。 按式(4)计算激振力F0，并记入表A.6。 F0=mda0 (4) 式中： F0——激振力，单位为千牛(kN)； md——参振质量，单位为千克(kg)； a0——振动轮最大加速度，单位为米每二次方秒(m/s2)。 6.3.2行驶速度 按GB/T 10913的规定进行测定。 6.3.3减振性能 试验样机减振性能的测定按JG/T 5076.2的规定进行，测试数据和计算结果记入表A.7。 6.3.4操纵力 6.3.4.1操纵力测定条件：整机置于平整路面。 6.3.4.2操纵力测定内容： ——测定主离合器、制动器、变速杆等操纵机构所需要的力； ——测定低速挡行驶时转动方向盘所需要的力。 6.3.4.3操纵力测定方法如下； ——用拉力计钩住被测手柄握手处并保持垂直.把手柄从起始位置均匀地拉到终点，测取读数。测量3次，取平均随.测定结果记入表A.8； ——方向盘操纵力测定时，发动机油门置于额定供油位置，试验样机用最低挡速度行驶；用拉力计钩住方向盘的幅条(距方向盘中心最大半径处)，沿切线方向拉动方向盘测取读数，或用扭力计测定。测量3次，取平均值.测定结果记入表A.8； ——将踏板测力计固定在脚踏板上，测定试验样机的踏板力。测量3次，取平均值，测定结果记入表A.8。 6.3.5司机视野 按GB/T 16937的规定进行视野测定。 6.3.6液压油固体污染清洁度试验和油温测定 试验样机连续工作1.5 h(运行1 h，再连续振动0.5 h)后立即进行，在液压油箱内油液1/2的深处，尽量靠近油箱中心位置取油样。采用光学显微镜测试时按GB/T 20082的方法进行，采用自动颗粒计数法测试时按ISO 11500的方法进行；油温测定采用经校正的温度测量器具进行测量。测试结果记入表A.9。 6.3.7爬坡性能 试验样机挂最低挡，以最低速度接近爬坡起点，然后迅速将发动机调到最大供油位置进行连续爬坡。改变坡道角度，直到试验样机爬坡能力极限，该坡度即为最大爬坡能力。试验结果记入表A.10。 6.3.8最小外侧转弯半径 试验样机不起振，将转向轮转至极限位置保持不动.以最低速度稳定行驶，待试验样机的轮子在地而上形成一封闭的圆形轨迹后，即可停车。在圆轨迹均布的3个位置测量圆轨迹的最大半径，其平均值，即为样机的最小外侧转弯半径R(见图2)。测试结果记入表A.11。