标准编号:	GB/T 5750.4-2023
中文名称:	生活饮用水标准检验方法 第4部分：感官性状和物理指标
英文名称:	Standard examination methods for drinking water—Part 4：Organoleptic and physical indices
中标分类:	C51    环境卫生
行业分类:	GB    国家标准
ICS分类:	13.060 13.060     13.060
发布机构:	国家市场监督管理总局 国家标准化管理委员会
发布日期:	2023-03-17
实施日期:	2023-10-1
标准状态:	valid
替代旧标准:	GB/T 5750.4-2006 生活饮用水标准检验方法 感官性状和物理指标
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	43000 字
翻译价格(元):	3900.0
交付时间:	付款后 1~5 个工作日

Foreword This document is drafted in accordance with the provisions of GB/T1.12020 "Guidelines for standardization work, Part 1: the structure of standardized documents and starting rules". This document is part 1 of GB/T5750 "Standard Test Methods for Drinking Water". GB/T5750 has issued the following parts. Part 1:General Provisions. Part 2: the collection and preservation of water samples Part 3: Quality control of water quality analysis. Part 4: sensory properties and physical indicators. Part 5: inorganic non-metallic indicators. Part 6: metal and metal-like indicators. Part 7: Organic composite indicators. Part 8: organic indicators. Part 9: pesticide indicators. Part 10: Disinfection by-product indicators Part 11: Disinfectant indicators. Part 12: Microbial indicators Part 13: Radioactive indicators This document replaces GB/T5750.4-2006 "Standard test methods for drinking water sensory properties and physical indicators" compared with GB/T5750.4-2006, in addition to structural and editorial changes, the main technical changes are as follows a) increased the "terms and definitions" (see Chapter 3). b) increased the six test methods (see 6.2, 6.3, 12.2, 12.3, 13.3, 13.4). c) deleted a test (see 9.2 of the 2006 version) Please note that some of the contents of this document may involve patents. The issuing authority of this document does not assume responsibility for identifying patents This document is proposed and attributed by the National Health and Wellness Commission of the People's Republic of China. Introduction GB/T5750 "Standard Test Methods for Drinking Water" as a recommended national standard for drinking water testing technology, and GB5749 "Drinking Water Sanitation Standards" supporting, is an important technical support for GB5749, for the implementation of GB5749 to carry out health and safety evaluation of drinking water to provide test methods. GB/T5750 consists of 13 parts. Part 1: General Provisions. The purpose is to provide the basic principles and requirements of water quality testing Part 2: the collection and preservation of water samples. The purpose is to provide water sample collection, preservation, management, transport and sampling quality control of the basic principles, measures and requirements. Part 3: Water quality analysis quality control. The purpose is to provide water quality inspection and testing laboratory quality control requirements and methods Part 4: Sensory traits and physical indicators. The purpose is to provide sensory traits and physical indicators of the corresponding test methods. Part 5: inorganic non-metallic indicators. The purpose is to provide inorganic non-metallic indicators of the corresponding test methods. Part 6: Metals and metal-like indicators. The purpose is to provide metal and metal-like indicators of the corresponding test methods Part 7: Organic composite indicators. The purpose is to provide a comprehensive index of organic substances corresponding test methods Part 8: organic indicators. The purpose is to provide the corresponding test methods for organic indicators. Part 9: Pesticide indicators. The purpose is to provide the corresponding test methods for pesticide indicators. Part 10: Disinfection by-products indicators. The purpose is to provide the corresponding test methods for disinfection by-product indicators Part 11: Disinfectant indicators. The purpose is to provide the corresponding test methods for disinfectant indicators Part 12: Microbiological indicators. The purpose is to provide the corresponding test methods for microbial indicators Part 13: radioactive indicators. The purpose is to provide the corresponding test methods for radioactive indicators 1 Scope This document describes the drinking water color, turbidity, odor and taste, visible to the naked eye, pH, conductivity, total hardness, total dissolved solids, volatile phenols, anionic synthetic detergent determination method and water color, turbidity, odor and taste, visible to the naked eye, pH, conductivity, total hardness, total dissolved solids, volatile phenols (4-aminoantipyrine trichloromethane extraction spectrophotometry) , anionic synthetic detergents determination method. This document applies to the determination of sensory properties and physical indicators in drinking water and (or) water sources 2 normative reference documents The following documents constitute the essential provisions of this document through the normative references in the text. Among them, attention to the period of reference documents, only the date corresponding to the version applicable to this document; do not note the date of reference documents, the latest version (including all the revision of the list) applicable to this document. GB/T 5750.1 Part 1: General Guidelines for the standard test methods for domestic drinking water GB/T 5750.3 Standard test methods for drinking water Part 3: Quality control of water quality analysis GB/T 6682 Analytical laboratory water specifications and test methods 3 terms and definitions GB/T 5750.1 and GB/T 5750.3 defined terms and definitions apply to this document. 4 Colorimetric 4.1 Platinum - drill standard colorimetric method 4.1.1 Minimum detection value Water samples without dilution, the method of the minimum detection of chromaticity of 5 degrees, the determination range of 5 degrees ~ 50 degrees 5 turbidity 5.1 Scattering method-Former book standard 5.1.1 Minimum detection value The method of turbidity minimum detection value of 0.5 scattering turbidity units (NTU). Turbidity is a reflection of the source water and drinking water physical properties of an indicator, to indicate the degree of turbidity of water. Turbidity of water is due to the presence of suspended or colloidal substances in the water, or both caused by the optical scattering or absorption behavior. 5.1.2 principle Under the same conditions with the intensity of light scattered by the standard suspension of forma fat and the intensity of light scattered by the water sample for comparison. The greater the intensity of the scattered light, the higher the turbidity is indicated. 5.1.3 Reagents Warning: Arachidonic acid is carcinogenic, avoid inhalation and skin contact! 5.1.3.1 Pure water: Take evaporated water and filter it through 0.22um membrane and use it. 6 odor and taste 6.1 smell gas and taste method 6.1.1 Apparatus and equipment Conical flask:250mL. 6.1.2 Test procedure 6.1.2.1 Original water samples of odor and taste Take 100mL water samples, placed in a 250L-shaped bottle, vibration broadcast from the bottle after the smell of water, with appropriate text description, and according to six levels of record of its intensity, see Table 2. Note: analysis in a well-ventilated, odor-free environment, analysts 30m before the test to avoid eating and drinking or smoking, suffering from colds, overcontribution disorders or other related problems do not participate in the smell test. Avoid using soap, perfume, face dressing, etc. to avoid interference of foreign odors in the test. After sniffing samples with high odor intensity, rest for more than 15 min and continue the analysis, and stop the test when the analyst is tired and rest in a room without odor. At the same time, take a small amount of water samples into the mouth, do not swallow, taste the taste of water, be described, and record the intensity according to six levels, see Table 2. 6.1.2.2 The original water boiling odor and taste The above conical bottle of water samples heated to the beginning of boiling, immediately remove the conical bottle, slightly cold, according to the above method of smell and taste, with appropriate text to describe, and according to the six levels of the intensity of the record, see Table 2. 7 Naked eye visible matter 7.1 Direct observation method Shake the water sample well, pour it into a clean and transparent conical bottle and observe it directly in a bright light, and record the visible matter observed by the naked eye. 8pH value 8.1 Glass electrode method 8.1.1 Principle The pH value can be determined accurately to 0.01 by this method. DH value is the logarithmic value of the inverse of hydrogen ion activity in water. Water color, turbidity, residual chlorine, oxidizing agent, reducing agent, higher salt content do not interfere with the determination, but in the strong alkaline solution, when there are a large number of sodium ions will produce errors, so that the reading is low. The glass electrode is used as the indicator electrode and the saturated mercury electrode is used as the reference electrode, which is inserted into the solution to form a primary cell. When the concentration of hydrogen ion changes, the electric potential between the glass electrode and the glycury electrode also changes, at 25C, each unit of pH scale is equivalent to 59.1mV electric potential change value, which is directly expressed as pH reading on the instrument. The instrument is equipped with a temperature difference compensation device. 8.1.2 Reagents Unless otherwise specified, the water used for the experiment is secondary water as specified in GB/T6682, ready for use. 9 Conductivity 9.1 Electrode method 9.1.1 Principle Conductivity is a number to express the ability of aqueous solution to conduct current. It has a close relationship with the minerals in the water, can be used to detect the living Drinking water and its source of water changes in the concentration of dissolved minerals and estimate the number of ionic compounds in water. The conductivity of water is proportional to the concentration of electrolytes and has a linear relationship. Most inorganic salts in water exist in ionic state, which is a good conductor of electricity, but organic substances do not dissociate or dissociate very weakly, and conduct electricity very weakly, so the conductivity does not reflect this kind of pollution factors. The general conductivity of natural water is between 50S/m~1500S/m, and the water containing high inorganic salts can be more than 10000S/cm. The characteristics of dissolved electrolytes in water, concentration and water temperature are closely related to the determination of conductivity. Therefore, the test conditions and the selection and installation of the conductivity meter electrode can affect the precision and accuracy of the measured conductivity. 10 Total hardness 10.1 Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid titration method 10.1.1 Minimum detectable mass concentration The minimum detection quality of this method is 0.05mg, if 50mL water sample is taken for determination, the minimum detection quality concentration is 1.0mg/L. The main interfering elements of this method iron, manganese, aluminum, copper, nickel, drill and other metal ions can make the indicator fade or the end point is not obvious. Sodium sulfide and potassium cyanide can conceal the interference of heavy metals, hydrochloric acid selective amine can make high iron ions and high-valent manganese ions reduced to low-valent ions and eliminate their interference. 10.1.2 Principle Calcium and magnesium ions in the water sample and chromium black T indicator to form purple-red integration, the instability constant of these compounds is greater than the instability constant of calcium and magnesium chelate of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. When the pH=10, disodium diamine tetrazolium acid firstly forms the integration with calcium ion, then with magnesium ion, and the solution shows the pure blue color of chromium black T indicator when titrating to the end point. 10.1.3 Reagents 11 Total dissolved solids 11.1 Weighing method 11.1.1 Principle 11.1.1.1 The water sample is filtered and dried at a certain temperature, and the resulting solid residue is called total dissolved solids, including non-volatile soluble salts, organic matter and insoluble particles that can pass through the filter. 11.1.1.2 Drying temperature is generally used 105C3C. But 105C temperature can not completely remove the crystalline water contained in the salts in highly mineralized water samples. The use of 180C3C drying temperature, you can get more accurate results. 11.1.1.3 when the total dissolved solids in the water sample contains a large amount of calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, magnesium chloride, magnesium nitrate, because these compounds have a strong hygroscopicity so that the weighing can not be constant mass, when the water sample can be added to the appropriate amount of sodium carbonate solution and get improved. 12 Volatile phenols 12.14 aminoantipyrine trichloromethane extraction spectrophotometry 12.1.1 Minimum detection mass concentration The minimum detection mass of this method is 0.5g volatile class (in phenol). If 250L water samples are taken, the minimum detection mass concentration is 0.002mg/L volatile phenols (phenol). Interfering substances and their elimination methods: reducing sulfides, oxidizers, aniline compounds and petroleum in water interfere with the determination of phenols. Sulfides by acidification and the addition of copper sulfate in the distillation and volatile phenols separated; residual chlorine and other oxidizing agents can be added to the sampling of ferrous sulfate or sodium arsenite reduction. Aniline in acidic solution to form salts are not evaporated. Petroleum can be removed under alkaline conditions after extraction with organic solvents. 13 Anionic synthetic detergents 13.1 Methylene blue spectrophotometric method 13.1.1 Minimum detection mass concentration This method uses sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate as the standard, the minimum detection mass of anionic synthetic detergent in the water sample is 5 g. If 100 mL of water sample is taken for determination, the minimum detection mass concentration is 0050 mg/L. Substances that can react with methylene blue have interference with this method. Phenol, organic sulfate, sulfonate, phosphate and a large number of chlorides (2000mg) nitrate (5000mg) thiocyanate, etc. can make the results high 13.1.2 Principle Methylene blue dye in aqueous solution with anionic synthetic detergent to form a blue compound that can be easily extracted by organic solvents. The unreacted methylene blue then remains in the aqueous solution. The content of the anionic synthetic detergent is determined according to the intensity of the blue color in the organic phase.

Foreword Introduction 1 Scope 2 normative reference documents 3 terms and definitions 4 Colorimetric 5 turbidity 6 odor and taste 7 Naked eye visible matter 8 pH value 9 Conductivity 10 Total hardness 11 Total dissolved solids 12 volatile phenols 13 anionic synthetic detergents

前言 本文件按照GB/T1.12020《标准化工作导则第1部分:标准化文件的结构和起规则》的规定起草。 本文件是GB/T5750《生活饮用水标准检验方法》的第部分。GB/T5750已经发布了以下部分: 第1部分:总则; 第2部分:水样的采集与保存 第3部分:水质分析质量控制; 第4部分:感官性状和物理指标; 第5部分:无机非金属指标: 第6部分:金属和类金属指标: 第7部分有机物综合指标; 第8部分:有机物指标; 第9部分:农药指标; 第10部分:消毒副产物指标 第11部分消毒剂指标; 第12部分:微生物指标 第13部分:放射性指标 本文件代替GB/T5750.4-2006《生活饮用水标准检验方法感官性状和物理指标》与GB/T5750.4-2006相比,除结构整和编辑性改动外，主要技术变化如下 a)增加了“术语和定义”(见第3章); b)增加了6个检验方法(见6.2、6.3,12.2、12.3、13.3、13.4); c)删除了1个检验方法(见2006年版的9.2) 请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任本文件由中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会提出并归口。 引言 GB/T5750《生活饮用水标准检验方法》作为生活饮用水检验技术的推荐性国家标准,与GB5749《生活饮用水卫生标准》配套,是GB5749的重要技术支撑，为贯彻实施GB5749开展生活饮用水卫生安全性评价提供检验方法。 GB/T5750由13个部分构成。 第1部分:总则。目的在于提供水质检验的基本原则和要求 第2部分:水样的采集与保存。目的在于提供水样采集、保存、管理、运输和采样质量控制的基本原则、措施和要求。 第3部分:水质分析质量控制。目的在于提供水质检验检测实验室质量控制要求与方法 第4部分:感官性状和物理指标。目的在于提供感官性状和物理指标的相应检验方法。 第5部分:无机非金属指标。目的在于提供无机非金属指标的相应检验方法。 第6部分:金属和类金属指标。目的在于提供金属和类金属指标的相应检验方法 第7部分:有机物综合指标。目的在于提供有机物综合指标的相应检验方法 第8部分:有机物指标。目的在于提供有机物指标的相应检验方法。 第9部分:农药指标。目的在于提供农药指标的相应检验方法。 第10部分:消毒副产物指标。目的在于提供消毒副产物指标的相应检验方法 第11部分:消毒剂指标。目的在于提供消毒剂指标的相应检验方法 第12部分:微生物指标。目的在于提供微生物指标的相应检验方法 第13部分:放射性指标。目的在于提供放射性指标的相应检验方法 1范围 本文件描述了生活饮用水中色度、浑浊度、臭和味、肉眼可见物、pH、电导率、总硬度、溶解性总固体、挥发酚类、阴离子合成洗涤剂的测定方法和水源水中色度、浑浊度、臭和味、肉眼可见物、pH、电导率、总硬度、溶解性总固体、挥发酚类(4-氨基安替比林三氯甲烷萃取分光光度法)、阴离子合成洗涤剂的测定方法。 本文件适用于生活饮用水和(或)水源水中感官性状和物理指标的测定 2规范性引用文件 下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中,注目期的引用文件,仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件;不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。 GB/T5750.1第1部分:总则生活饮用水标准检验方法 GB/T5750.3生活饮用水标准检验方法第3部分:水质分析质量控制 GB/T6682分析实验室用水规格和试验方法 3术语和定义 GB/T5750.1和GB/T5750.3界定的术语和定义适用于本文件。 4色度 4.1铂-钻标准比色法 4.1.1最低检测值 水样不经稀释，本方法最低检测色度为5度，测定范围为5度~50度 5浑浊度 5.1散射法-福尔马册标准 5.1.1最低检测值 本方法浑浊度最低检测值为0.5散射浊度单位(NTU)。 浑浊度是反映水源水及生活饮用水物理性状的一项指标，用以表示水的浑浊程度。水的浑浊度是由于水中存在悬浮物或胶态物，或两者造成的光学散射或吸收行为引起的。5.1.2原理 在相同条件下用福尔马胖标准混悬液散射光的强度和水样散射光的强度进行比较。散射光的强度越大，表示浑浊度越高。 5.1.3试剂 警示:硫酸耕具致癌毒性,避免吸入摄入和与皮肤接触! 5.1.3.1纯水:取蒸留水经0.22um滤膜过滤后使用。 6臭和味 6.1嗅气和尝味法 6.1.1仪器设备 锥形瓶:250mL。 6.1.2试验步骤 6.1.2.1原水样的臭和味 取100mL水样,置于250L形瓶中,振播后从瓶口水的气味，用适当文字描述，并按六级记录其强度,见表2。 注:分析在通风良好、无异味的环境中进行,分析人员测试前30m避免进食喝饮料或吸烟，患感冒、过缴症者或有其他相关问题时不参加闻测。分析人员身体无异味，避免使用香皂、香水、修脸剂等,避免外来气味对试验的干扰。闻测高异臭强度样品后休息15min以上继续进行分析，当分析人员出现觉疲劳时停止试验，在无气味的房间进行休息。 与此同时,取少量水样放入口中,不要咽下，品尝水的味道,予以描述,并按六级记录强度,见表2. 6.1.2.2原水煮沸后的臭和味 将上述锥形瓶内水样加热至开始沸腾,立即取下锥形瓶，稍冷后按上法嗅气和尝味，用适当的文字加以描述,并按六级记录其强度,见表2。 7肉眼可见物 7.1直接观察法 将水样摇匀，倒入洁净透明的锥形瓶中在光线明亮处迎光直接观察，记录所观察到的肉眼可见物。 8pH值 8.1玻璃电极法 8.1.1原理 用本方法测定pH值可准确到0.01。 DH值是水中氢离子活度倒数的对数值。水的色度、浑浊度、余氯、氧化剂、还原剂、较高含盐量均不干扰测定，但在较强的碱性溶液中，当有大量钠离子存在时会产生误差,使读数偏低。 以玻璃电极为指示电极,饱和甘汞电极为参比电极,插入溶液中组成原电池。当氢离子浓度发生变化时，玻璃电极和甘汞电极之间的电动势也随之变化,在25C时,每单位pH标度相当于59.1mV电动势变化值，在仪器上直接以pH的读数表示。仪器配有温度差异补偿装置。 8.1.2试剂 除非另有说明,实验用水为GB/T6682规定的二级水,现用现备 9电导率 9.1电极法 9.1.1原理 电导率是用数字来表示水溶液传导电流的能力。它与水中矿物质有密切的关系,可用于检测生活 饮用水及其水源水中溶解性矿物质浓度的变化和估计水中离子化合物的数量。水的电导率与电解质浓度成正比,具有线性关系。水中多数无机盐以离子状态存在，是电的良好导体,但是有机物不离解或离解极微弱,导电也很微弱的,因此用电导率不能反映这类污染因素。般天然水的电导率在50S/m~1500S/m之间,含无机盐高的水可达10000S/cm以上。水中溶解的电解质特性、浓度和水温与电导率的测定有密切关系。因此，试验条件和电导仪电极的选择及安装可影响测量电导率的精密度和准确度。 10总硬度 10.1乙二胺四乙酸二钠滴定法 10.1.1最低检测质量浓度 本方法最低检测质量0.05mg,若取50mL水样测定，则最低检测质量浓度为1.0mg/L。 本方法主要干扰元素铁、锰、铝、铜、镍、钻等金属离子能使指示剂褪色或终点不明显。硫化钠及氰化钾可隐蔽重金属的干扰，盐酸择胺可使高铁离子及高价锰离子还原为低价离子而消除其干扰。 10.1.2原理 水样中的钙、镁离子与铬黑T指示剂形成紫红色整合物，这些合物的不稳定常数大于乙二胺四乙酸钙和镁鳌合物的不稳定常数。当pH=10时，二胺四之酸二钠先与钙离子,再与镁离子形成整合物，滴定至终点时，溶液呈现出铬黑T指示剂的纯蓝色。 10.1.3试剂 11溶解性总固体 11.1称量法 11.1.1原理 11.1.1.1水样经过滤后,在一定温度下烘干,所得的固体残渣称为溶解性总固体,包括不易挥发的可溶性盐类、有机物及能通过滤器的不溶性微粒等。 11.1.1.2烘干温度一般采用105C3C。但105C的温度不能彻底除去高矿化水样中盐类所含的结晶水。采用180C3C的烘干温度，可得到较为准确的结果。 11.1.1.3当水样的溶解性总固体中含有多量氯化钙、硝酸钙、氯化镁、硝酸镁时，由于这些化合物具有强烈的吸湿性使称量不能恒定质量，此时可在水样中加入适量碳酸钠溶液而得到改进。 12挥发酚类 12.14氨基安替比林三氯甲烷萃取分光光度法 12.1.1最低检测质量浓度 本方法最低检测质量为0.5g挥发类(以苯酚计)。若取250L水样，则其最低检测质量浓度为0.002mg/L挥发酚类(以苯酚计)。 干扰物及其消除方法:水中还原性硫化物、氧化剂、苯胺类化合物及石油等干扰酚的测定。硫化物经酸化及加人硫酸铜在蒸馏时与挥发酚分离;余氯等氧化剂可在采样时加人硫酸亚铁或亚砷酸钠还原。苯胺类在酸性溶液中形成盐类不被蒸出。石油可在碱性条件下用有机溶剂萃取后除去。 13阴离子合成洗涤剂 13.1亚甲基蓝分光光度法 13.1.1最低检测质量浓度 本方法用十二烷基苯磺酸钠作为标准，水样中阴离子合成洗涤剂最低检测质量为5g。若取100mL水样测定，则最低检测质量浓度为0050mg/L。 能与亚甲基蓝反应的物质对本方法均有干扰。酚、有机硫酸盐、磺酸盐、磷酸盐以及大量氯化物(2000mg)硝酸盐(5000mg)硫氰酸盐等均可使结果偏高 13.1.2原理 亚甲基蓝染料在水溶液中与阴离子合成洗涤剂形成易被有机溶剂萃取的蓝色化合物。未反应的亚甲基蓝则仍留在水溶液中。根据有机相蓝色的强度，测定阴离子合成洗涤剂的含量。