标准编号:	GB/T 5750.2-2023
中文名称:	生活饮用水标准检验方法 第2部分：水样的采集与保存
英文名称:	Standard examination methods for drinking water—Part 2：Collection and preservation of water samples
中标分类:	C51    环境卫生
行业分类:	GB    国家标准
ICS分类:	13.060 13.060     13.060
发布机构:	国家市场监督管理总局 国家标准化管理委员会
发布日期:	2023-03-17
实施日期:	2023-10-1
标准状态:	现行
替代旧标准:	GB/T 5750.2-2006 生活饮用水标准检验方法 水样的采集与保存
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	12000 字
翻译价格(元):	840.00 元
交付时间:	付款后 1~3 个工作日

Foreword

This document is drafted in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 1.12020 "Standardization Guidelines, Part 1 Structure of standardized documents and starting rules" This document is GB/T 5750 "Standard Test Methods for Drinking Water", Part 2.

Part 2: the collection and preservation of water samples.

Part 3: Quality control of water quality analysis.

Part 4: sensory properties and physical indicators.

Part 5: inorganic non-metallic indicators.

Part 6: metal and metal-like indicators.

Part 7: organic composite indicators.

Part 8: organic indicators.

Part 9: pesticide indicators.

Part 10: Disinfection by-product indicators.

Part 11: Disinfectant indicators.

Part 12: Microbial indicators.

Part 13: Radioactive indicators

This document replaces GB/T 5750.2-2006 "Standard Test Methods for the Collection and Storage of Drinking Water Samples" and GB/T 5750.2-2006, in addition to structural adjustments and editorial changes, the main technical changes are as follows

Changed the "Notes" (see 4.12, 2006 version of 7.1.3).

a) changed the sampling volume of conventional and extended indicators of drinking water (see Table 1, 2006 version of Table 1)

b) change the sampling container and the method of preservation of water samples (see Table 2, Table 2 of the 2006 edition).

Please note that some of the contents of this document may be patent related. The issuing agency of this document does not assume responsibility for identifying patents This document is proposed and attributed by the National Health and Wellness Commission of the People's Republic of China.

Introduction

GB/T 5750 "Standard Test Methods for Drinking Water" as the recommended national standard for drinking water testing technology and GB 5749 "Drinking Water Sanitation Standards" package, is an important technical support for the implementation of GB 5749, the implementation of drinking water health and safety assessment to provide testing methods.

GB/T 5750 consists of 13 parts.

Part 1: General Provisions. The purpose is to provide the basic principles and requirements of water quality testing.

Part 2: the collection and preservation of water samples. The purpose is to provide water samples collected, preservation, management of transport and sampling quality control of the basic principles, measures and requirements.

Part 3: quality control of water quality analysis. The purpose is to provide water quality inspection and testing laboratory quality control requirements and methods

Part 4: Sensory traits and physical indicators. The purpose is to provide sensory traits and physical indicators of the corresponding test methods.

Part 5: inorganic non-metallic indicators. The purpose is to provide inorganic non-metallic indicators of the corresponding test methods.

Part 6: Metals and metal-like indicators. The purpose is to provide metal and metal-like indicators of the corresponding test methods

Part 7: Organic composite indicators. The purpose is to provide a comprehensive index of organic substances corresponding test methods

Part 8: organic indicators. The purpose is to provide the corresponding test methods for organic indicators.

Part 9: Pesticide indicators. The purpose is to provide the corresponding test methods for pesticide indicators.

Part 10: Disinfection by-products indicators. The purpose is to provide the corresponding test methods for disinfection by-product indicators

Part 11: Disinfectant indicators. The purpose is to provide the corresponding test methods for disinfectant indicators.

Part 12: Microbiological indicators. The purpose is to provide the corresponding test methods for microbial indicators

Part 13: radioactive indicators. The purpose is to provide the corresponding test methods for radioactive indicators



1 Scope

This document specifies the basic principles, measures and requirements for sample collection, preservation, management, transportation and sampling quality control of drinking water and water source water.

This document applies to the collection and preservation of samples of drinking water and water source water.

2 normative references

This document does not have normative citation documents

3 terms and definitions

This document does not need to define the terms and definitions

4 water sample collection

4.1 Sampling plan

Sampling should be based on the purpose and task of water quality inspection before the development of sampling plan, including: sampling purposes, test indicators, sampling time, sampling locations, sampling methods, sampling frequency, the number of samples, sampling containers and cleaning, sampling volume, sample preservation methods, sample labeling, on-site determination of indicators, sampling quality control, sample transportation tools and storage conditions

4.2 Selection of sampling containers

4.2.1 should be based on the characteristics of the components to be measured to select the appropriate sampling container.

4.2.2 container or container lid (plug) material should be chemically and biologically inert, should not react with the components of the water sample, the container wall and container lid (plug) does not dissolve, absorb or adsorb the components to be measured.

4.2.3 sampling container should be able to adapt to changes in ambient temperature, with a certain degree of seismic performance.

4.2.4 sampling container size and sampling volume appropriate, tightly sealed, and easy to open, and easy to clean.

4.2.5 It is advisable to use thin-mouthed containers as far as possible, the container cover (plug) material should be unified with the container material. In special cases need to use cork or rubber stopper, the application of stable metal foil or polyethylene film wrapped, and should have a wax seal (except for the detection of petroleum water samples). Collection of samples for organic and some microbial detection can not be used for rubber stopper containers, water samples are alkaline can not be used for the collection of glass stopper containers.

4.3 Washing of sampling containers

4.3.1 Determination of general physical and chemical indicators of the sampling container washing

The container will be cleaned with water and detergent, remove dust and grease after rinsing clean with tap water, and then soaked with a mass fraction of 10% nitric acid (or hydrochloric acid) for more than 8h, remove the drainage and rinse with tap water 3 times and wash well with pure water.

4.3.2 Determination of organic matter indicators sampling container washing

Soak in potassium dichromate solution for 24h, then rinse with tap water, rinse with pure water and drained and placed in the oven at 180C for 4h, cooled and ready for use; if necessary, then rinse several times with purified n-alkane two ketones and methanol

4.3.3 Determination of microbial indicators of the washing and sterilization of sampling containers

4.3.3.1 Container washing: wash the container with tap water and detergent, and rinse thoroughly with tap water and soak in nitric acid (or hydrochloric acid) with a mass fraction of 10% for more than 8h, then wash with tap water and pure water in turn.

4.3.3.2 Vessel sterilization Vessel sterilization can be done by dry heat or autoclaving. Dry heat sterilization is required to maintain 2h at 160C; high steam sterilization is required to maintain 15min at 121C. If the containers after high steam sterilization are not used immediately, they should be placed in a 60C box to dry the condensate in the bottles. The sterilized containers should be used within 2 weeks.

4.4 Sampler

4.4.1 for water samples with a certain depth of water source collection, sampling should be selected before the appropriate sampler

4.4.2 plastic or glass samplers and rubber tubes for sampling, latex or silicone tubes can be washed in accordance with .3.1 spare.

4.4.3 metal samplers, should first use detergent to remove grease, and then rinse clean with tap water and pure water in turn and then dry.

4.4.4 Special sampler cleaning method can refer to the instrument manual.

4.5 General requirements for the collection of water samples

4.5.1 Physical and chemical indicators

Sampling should be used before the collection of water samples to wash the sampler, containers and plugs 2 ~ 3 times (except for the determination of oil water samples).

4.6 factory water collection

Factory water sampling points should be set in the factory water into the transmission (distribution) pipeline before.

4.8 end of the water collection

The end of the water sampling point should be set in the factory water transmission and distribution pipeline network to the user's tap. Sampling, it is usually appropriate to release the water for a few minutes to exclude sediments, special circumstances can be extended to release the water time. Collection of samples for microbiological indicators should be disinfected before the faucet.

4.9 secondary water supply collection

Can be based on the actual work required in the tank (or cistern) inlet, outlet and (or) end of the water sample collection

4.10 Collection of decentralized water supply

Can be collected in accordance with the actual use of water collection points or user storage containers

4.11 Filtration and centrifugal separation of water samples

In the sampling or shortly after sampling, if necessary, filter paper, filter membrane, sand core funnel or glass fiber filter samples or centrifugal separation of samples to remove the suspended matter, sediment, algae and other microorganisms. In the analysis, the purpose of filtration is to distinguish the dissolved state and adsorption state, in the selection of filters to pay attention to the possible loss of adsorption, such as the measurement of organic items, the general choice of sand core funnel and glass fiber filtration, the determination of inorganic items, it is commonly used 0.45um filter membrane filtration.

4.12 Precautions

4.12.1 collection of several types of testing indicators of water samples, should be collected first for microbiological indicators of water samples

4.12.2 sampling should be removed from the faucet filter and (or) fogging nozzle, etc.

4.12.3 sampling can not stir the sediment under the water.

5 water samples preservation

5.1 Preservation measures

Should be based on the determination of indicators to choose the appropriate preservation methods, mainly refrigeration, light and adding preservatives, etc.

5.2 Preservative

5.2.1 preservative should not interfere with the determination of the substances to be measured, can not affect the concentration of the substances to be measured. If it is a liquid, it should be corrected for changes in volume. The purity and grade of the preservative should meet the requirements of the analysis.

5.2.2 preservative can be added to the sampling container in advance, or as soon as possible after sampling. Perishable preservative should not be added in advance.

5.3 Preservation conditions

5.3.1 The preservation period of water samples depends mainly on the concentration of the substances to be measured, chemical composition and physicochemical properties

5.3.2 Due to the components of water samples, the concentration and nature of the target analytes are different, test methods, water samples should be preserved with priority reference to the provisions of the test method, if the test method does not specify, can refer to Table 2. when the water samples contain residual chlorine and other disinfectants interfere with the determination of the need to add ascorbic acid or sodium thiosulfate and other reducing agents, the concentration of disinfectants should be set according to the appropriate amount of addition, in order to achieve the elimination of interference. purpose.

5.3.3 Water samples should be measured as soon as possible after collection. Water temperature and residual chlorine and other indicators should be measured in the field, the rest of the indicators should also be measured within the specified time.

6 sample management and transport

6.1 Sample management

6.1.1 In addition to the samples used for on-site measurement, the rest of the water samples should be shipped back to the laboratory for testing and analysis. In the transport of water samples and laboratory management process should ensure that their properties are stable, intact, free from contamination, damage and loss.

6.1.2 field test samples: should be detailed records of field test results and properly stored.

6.1.3 laboratory test samples: sampling records and labels should be accurately filled out, and the label is attached to the sampling container, indicating the water sample number, sampler, date, time and location and other relevant information. In sampling, all field surveys and sampling should also be recorded, including the purpose of sampling, sampling locations, sample types, numbers, quantities, sample preservation methods and sampling climate conditions.

6.2 Sample transport

6.2.1 water samples collected should be sent back to the laboratory immediately after the test analysis. Sample transport should be based on the geographical location of the sampling point and the determination of the maximum preservation time of the indicators to choose the appropriate mode of transport, before the start of field sampling work should be arranged for transport to prevent delays.

6.2.2 Samples should be checked with the sample registration form, sample labels and sampling records one by one before shipment, and sorted into boxes after checking.

7 Sampling quality control

7.1 The purpose of quality control

To ensure the quality of the whole sampling process, to prevent the sample collection process of water samples are contaminated or trait changes

7.2 Field blanks

7.2.1 field blank is the sampling site with pure water as a sample, in accordance with the sampling methods and requirements for the determination of indicators, bottled under the same conditions as the sample, preservation and transport, until sent to the laboratory analysis.

7.2.2 Through the field blank and laboratory blank measurement results, to master the sampling process and the environmental conditions of the sample of the concentration of the substances to be measured.

7.2.3 The pure water used in the field blank should be clean special containers, brought to the sampling site by the sampling personnel, and care should be taken to prevent contamination during transportation.

7.2.4 Each batch of samples at least one field blank.

7.3 Transport Blanks

7.3.1 Transport blank is pure water as a sample, from the laboratory to the sampling site and back to the laboratory. Transport blanks can be used to grasp the sample transport, field processing and storage during the possible contamination.

7.3.2 Each batch of samples set at least one transport blank.

7.4 Field Parallel Samples

7.4.1 Field parallel samples are collected under the same sampling conditions and sent to the laboratory for analysis.

7.4.2 field parallel samples to pay attention to control the sampling operation and conditions of the same. For water samples of non-homogeneous substances or uneven distribution of pollutants in the sample filling should shake the sampler, so that the sample remains uniform.

7.4.3 The number of field parallel samples is generally controlled in more than 10% of the total number of samples.

Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 normative references
3 terms and definitions
4 water sample collection
5 water samples preservation
6 sample management and transport
7 Sampling quality control

前言
本文件按照GB/T 1.12020《标准化工作导则第1部分标准化文件的结构和起规则》的规定起草本文件是GB/T 5750《生活饮用水标准检验方法》的第2部分。GB/T 5750已经发布了以下部分:第1部分:总则;
第2部分:水样的采集与保存:
第3部分:水质分析质量控制;
第4部分:感官性状和物理指标;
第5部分:无机非金属指标:
第6部分:金属和类金属指标;
第7部分:有机物综合指标;
第8部分:有机物指标;
第9部分:农药指标;
第10部分:消毒副产物指标:
第11部分:消毒剂指标;
第12部分:微生物指标:
第13部分:放射性指标
本文件代替GB/T 5750.2-2006《生活饮用水标准检验方法水样的采集与保存》与GB/T 5750.2-2006相比,除结构调整和编辑性改动外，主要技术变化如下
更改了“注意事项”(见4.12,2006年版的7.1.3);
a)更改了生活饮用水常规指标及扩展指标的采样体积(见表1,2006年版的表1)
b)更改了采样容器和水样的保存方法(见表2,2006年版的表2)。
请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任本文件由中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会提出并归口。
引言
GB/T 5750《生活饮用水标准检验方法》作为生活饮用水检验技术的推荐性国家标准与GB 5749《生活饮用水卫生标准》配套,是GB 5749的重要技术支撑为贯彻实施GB 5749,开展生活饮用水卫生安全性评价提供检验方法。
GB/T 5750由13个部分构成。
第1部分:总则。目的在于提供水质检验的基本原则和要求。
第2部分:水样的采集与保存。目的在于提供水样采集、保存、管理运输和采样质量控制的基本原则、措施和要求。
第3部分:水质分析质量控制。目的在于提供水质检验检测实验室质量控制要求与方法
第4部分:感官性状和物理指标。目的在于提供感官性状和物理指标的相应检验方法。
第5部分:无机非金属指标。目的在于提供无机非金属指标的相应检验方法。
第6部分:金属和类金属指标。目的在于提供金属和类金属指标的相应检验方法
第7部分:有机物综合指标。目的在于提供有机物综合指标的相应检验方法
第8部分:有机物指标。目的在于提供有机物指标的相应检验方法。
第9部分:农药指标。目的在于提供农药指标的相应检验方法。
第10部分:消毒副产物指标。目的在于提供消毒副产物指标的相应检验方法
第11部分:消毒剂指标。目的在于提供消毒剂指标的相应检验方法。
第12部分:微生物指标。目的在于提供微生物指标的相应检验方法
第13部分:放射性指标。目的在于提供放射性指标的相应检验方法

1范围
本文件规定了生活饮用水及水源水的样品采集、保存、管理、运输和采样质量控制的基本原则、措施和要求。
本文件适用于生活饮用水及水源水的样品采集与保存。
2规范性引用文件
本文件没有规范性引用文件
3术语和定义
本文件没有需要界定的术语和定义
4水样采集
4.1采样计划
采样前应根据水质检验目的和任务制定采样计划，内容包括:采样目的、检验指标、采样时间、采样地点、采样方法、采样频率、采样数量、采样容器与清洗、采样体积、样品保存方法、样品标签、现场测定指标、采样质量控制、样品运输工具和贮存条件等
4.2采样容器的选择
4.2.1应根据待测组分的特性选择合适的采样容器。
4.2.2容器或容器盖(塞)的材质应具有化学和生物惰性,不应与水样中组分发生反应，容器壁和容器盖(塞)不溶出,吸收或吸附待测组分。
4.2.3采样容器应可适应环境温度的变化，具有一定的抗震性能。
4.2.4采样容器大小与采样量相适宜,能严密封口,并容易打开,且易清洗。
4.2.5宜尽量选用细口容器,容器的盖(塞)的材质应与容器材质统一。在特殊情况下需用软木塞或橡胶塞时，应用稳定的金属箔或聚乙烯薄膜包裹，且宜有蜡封(检测石油类水样除外)。采集供有机物和某些微生物检测用的样品时不能用具橡胶塞的容器,水样呈碱性时不能用具玻璃塞的采集容器。
4.3采样容器的洗涤
4.3.1测定一般理化指标采样容器的洗涤
将容器用水和洗涤剂清洗，除去灰尘和油垢后用自来水冲洗干净，然后用质量分数为10%的硝酸(或盐酸)浸泡8h以上，取出沥净后用自来水冲洗3次并用纯水充分洗干净。
4.3.2测定有机物指标采样容器的洗涤
用重铬酸钾洗液浸泡24h,然后用自来水冲洗干净，用纯水淋洗并沥干后置于烘箱内180C烘4h,冷却后备用;必要时再用纯化过的正已烷两酮和甲醇冲洗数次
4.3.3测定微生物指标采样容器的洗涤和灭菌
4.3.3.1容器洗涤:将容器用自来水和洗涤剂洗涤，并用自来水彻底冲洗后用质量分数为10%的硝酸(或盐酸)浸泡8h以上，然后依次用自来水和纯水洗净。
4.3.3.2容器灭菌容器灭菌可采用干热或高压蒸汽灭菌两种。干热灭菌要求160C下维持2h;高蒸汽灭菌要求121C下维持15min,高蒸汽灭菌后的容器如不立即使用，应置于60C箱内将瓶内冷凝水烘干。灭菌后的容器应在2周内使用。
4.4采样器
4.4.1对有一定深度水源水样品的采集，采样前应选择适宜的采样器
4.4.2塑料或玻璃材质的采样器及用于采样的橡胶管、乳胶管或硅胶管可按照.3.1洗净备用。
4.4.3金属材质的采样器，应先用洗涤剂清除油垢,再依次用自来水和纯水冲洗干净后晾干备用。
4.4.4特殊采样器的清洗方法可参照仪器说明书。
4.5水样采集一般要求
4.5.1理化指标
采样前应先用待采集的水样荡洗采样器、容器和塞子2次~3次(测定石油类水样除外)。
4.6出厂水的采集
出厂水的采样点应设置在出厂水进入输(配)送管道之前。
4.8末梢水的采集
末档水的采样点应设置在出厂水经输配水管网输送至用户的水龙头处。采样时，通常宜放水数分钟，排除沉积物,特殊情况可适当延长放水时间。采集用于微生物指标检验的样品前应对水龙头进行消毒。
4.9二次供水的采集
可根据实际工作需要在水箱(或蓄水池)进水、出水和(或)末梢水处进行水样采集
4.10分散式供水的采集
可根据实际使用情况在取水点或用户储水容器中采集
4.11水样的过滤和离心分离
在采样时或采样后不久，必要时用滤纸、滤膜、砂芯漏斗或玻璃纤维等过滤样品或将样品离心分离除去其中的悬浮物、沉积物、藻类及其他微生物。在分析时，过滤的目的主要是区分溶解态和吸附态，在滤器的选择上要注意可能的吸附损失,如测有机项目时，一般选用砂芯漏斗和玻璃纤维过滤，测定无机项目时，则常用0.45um的滤膜过滤。
4.12注意事项
4.12.1采集几类检测指标的水样时,应先采集供微生物指标检测的水样
4.12.2采样时应去掉水龙头上的过滤器和(或)雾化喷头等。
4.12.3采样时不可搅动水底的沉积物。
5水样保存
5.1保存措施
应根据测定指标选择适宜的保存方法，主要有冷藏、避光和加入保存剂等
5.2保存剂
5.2.1保存剂不应干扰待测物的测定,不能影响待测物的浓度。如果是液体,应校正体积的变化。保存剂的纯度和等级应达到分析的要求。
5.2.2保存剂可预先加人采样容器中,也可在采样后尽快加人。易变质的保存剂不能预先添加。
5.3保存条件
5.3.1水样的保存期限主要取决于待测物的浓度、化学组成和物理化学性质
5.3.2由于水样的组分、目标分析物的浓度和性质不同,检验方法多样,水样保存宜优先参照检验方法中的规定，若检验方法中没有规定，可参照表2。当水样中含有余氯等消毒剂干扰测定需加入抗坏血酸或硫代硫酸钠等还原剂时,应根据消毒剂浓度设定适宜的加人量,以达到消除干扰的目的。
5.3.3水样采集后应尽快测定。水温和余氯等指标应在现场测定，其余指标的测定也应在规定时间内完成。
6样品管理和运输
6.1样品管理
6.1.1除用于现场测定的样品外，其余水样都应运回实验室进行检验分析。在水样的运输和实验室管理过程中应保证其性质稳定、完整、不受污染、损坏和丢失。
6.1.2现场测试样品:应详细记录现场检测结果并妥善保管。
6.1.3实验室测试样品:应准确填写采样记录和标签，并将标签粘贴在采样容器上,注明水样编号、采样者、日期、时间及地点等相关信息。在采样时，还应记录所有野外调查及采样情况,包括采样目的、采样地点、样品种类、编号、数量、样品保存方法及采样时的气候条件等。
6.2样品运输
6.2.1水样采集后应立即送回实验室检验分析。样品运送应根据采样点的地理位置和测定指标的最长可保存时间选用适当的运输方式,在现场采样工作开始之前应安排好运输工作，以防延误。
6.2.2样品装运前应逐一与样品登记表、样品标签和采样记录进行核对,核对无误后分类装箱。
采样质量控制
7.1质量控制的目的
保证采样全过程质量，防止样品采集过程中水样受到污染或发生性状改变
7.2现场空白
7.2.1现场空白是在采样现场以纯水作为样品,按照测定指标的采样方法和要求，在与样品相同条件下装瓶、保存和运输，直至送交实验室分析。
7.2.2通过将现场空白与实验室空白测定结果相对照，掌握采样过程中操作步骤和环境条件对样品中待测物浓度影响的状况。
7.2.3现场空白所用的纯水要用洁净的专用容器，由采样人员带到采样现场，运输过程中应注意防止污染。
7.2.4每批样品至少设一个现场空白。
7.3运输空白
7.3.1运输空白是以纯水作为样品，从实验室到采样现场又返回实验室。运输空白可用来掌握样品运输、现场处理和贮存期间带来的可能污染。
7.3.2每批样品至少设一个运输空白。
7.4现场平行样
7.4.1现场平行样是在相同的采样条件下,采集平行双样送实验室分析。
7.4.2现场平行样要注意控制采样操作和条件的一致。对水样中非均相物质或分布不均匀的污染物,在样品灌装时应摇动采样器,使样品保持均匀。
7.4.3现场平行样的数量一般控制在样品总量的10%以上。