标准编号:	GB/T 5750.12-2023
中文名称:	生活饮用水标准检验方法 第12部分：微生物指标
英文名称:	Standard examination methods for drinking water—Part 12: Microbiological indices
中标分类:	C51    环境卫生
行业分类:	GB    国家标准
ICS分类:	13.060 13.060     13.060
发布机构:	国家市场监督管理总局 国家标准化管理委员会
发布日期:	2023-03-17
实施日期:	2023-10-1
标准状态:	valid
替代旧标准:	GB/T 5750.12-2006 生活饮用水标准检验方法 微生物指标
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	60000 字
翻译价格(元):	4200.0
交付时间:	付款后 1~8 个工作日

Foreword Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative. This document is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2020 Directives for standardization - Part 1: Rules for the structure and drafting of standardizing documents. This document is Part 12 of GB/T 5750 Standard examination methods for drinking water. The following parts of GB/T 5750 have been issued: ——Part 1: General principles; ——Part 2: Collection and preservation of water samples; ——Part 3: Water analysis quality control; ——Part 4: Organoleptic and physical indices; ——Part 5: Inorganic nonmetallic indices; ——Part 6: Metal and metalloid indices; ——Part 7: Aggregate organic indices; ——Part 8: Organic indices; ——Part 9: Pesticides indices; ——Part 10: Disinfection by-products indices; ——Part 11: Disinfectants indices; ——Part 12: Microbiological indices; ——Part 13: Radiological indices. This document replaces GB/T 5750.12-2006 Standard examination methods for drinking water - Microbiological parameters. In addition to structural adjustment and editorial changes, the following main technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 5750.12-2006: a) 6 examination methods have been added (see 4.2, 8.2, 9.2, 10.1, 10.2 and 11.1 hereof). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. The issuing body of this document shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. The previous editions of this document are as follows: ——This document was firstly issued as GB/T 5750-1985 in 1985 and firstly revised as GB/T 5750.12-2006 in 2006; ——This is the second revision. Introduction The series of standards GB/T 5750 Standard examination methods for drinking water, as the recommended national standards for drinking water examination technology, are compatible with GB 5749 Standards for drinking water quality, and are also served as an important technical support of GB 5749. They provide examination methods for implementing GB 5749 and carrying out hygienic safety evaluation of drinking water. GB/T 5750 consists of 13 parts. ——Part 1: General principles; It provides the basic principles and requirements for water quality examination. ——Part 2: Collection and preservation of water samples. It provides the basic principles, measures and requirements for water sample collection, preservation, management, transportation and sampling quality control. ——Part 3: Water analysis quality control. It provides quality control requirements and methods for water quality examination and testing laboratories. ——Part 4: Organoleptic and physical indices. It provides corresponding examination methods for organoleptic and physical indices. ——Part 5: Inorganic nonmetallic indices. It provides corresponding examination methods for inorganic nonmetallic indices. ——Part 6: Metal and metalloid indices. It provides corresponding examination methods for metal and metalloid indices. ——Part 7: Aggregate organic indices. It provides corresponding examination methods for aggregate organic indices. ——Part 8: Organic indices. It provides corresponding examination methods for organic indices. ——Part 9: Pesticides indices. It provides corresponding examination methods for pesticides indices. ——Part 10: Disinfection by-products indices. It provides corresponding examination methods for disinfection by-products indices. ——Part 11: Disinfectants indices. It provides corresponding examination methods for disinfectants indices. ——Part 12: Microbiological indices. It provides corresponding examination methods for microbiological indices. ——Part 13: Radiological indices. It provides corresponding examination methods for radiological indices. Standard examination methods for drinking water - Part 12: Microbiological indices 1 Scope This document describes the methods for determination of standard plate-count bacteria, total coliforms, thermotolerant coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli, Giardia, Cryptosporidium, Enterococcus and Clostridium perfringens in drinking water and water sources. This document is applicable to the determination of microbiological indices in drinking water and water sources. 2 Normative references The following documents contain requirements which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB 4789.28 National food safety standard - Food microbiological examination - Quality requirements for medium and reagents GB/T 6682 Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test methods GB 19489 Laboratories - General requirements for biosafety 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 standard plate-count bacteria number of microbial colonies in 1mL of water sample after incubation for a certain period of time under certain conditions 3.2 total coliforms a group of aerobic and facultative anaerobic non-spore-forming Gram-negative bacillus capable of fermenting lactose, producing acid and gas within 24h of incubation at 37℃ 3.3 thermotolerant coliform bacteria a group of aerobic and facultative anaerobic non-spore-forming Gram-negative bacillus capable of fermenting lactose, producing acid and gas within 24h of incubation at 44.5℃ 3.4 Escherichia coli a group of non-spore-forming Gram-negative brevibacterium capable of fermenting various sugars, producing acid and gas, flagellating all over the body and moving, which is usually found in the intestines and feces of humans and warm-blooded animals 3.5 Giardia protozoan parasite found in water or other media, which can infect humans and cause diseases Note: Giardia cysts are elliptical, with a length of 8μm~14μm and a width of 7μm~10μm. There are two nuclei in initial cysts, and four in mature cysts. 3.6 Cryptosporidium protozoan parasite found in water or other media, which can infect humans and cause diseases Note: Cryptosporidium oocysts are slightly elliptical and round, with a diameter of 4μm to 8μm. There are four nuclei in mature oocysts. 3.7 Enterococcus a type of facultative anaerobic non-spore and non-capsule-forming Gram-positive cocci in pairs or in chains, belonging to Group D Streptococci, typically present in the intestines and feces of humans and warm-blooded animals 3.8 Clostridium perfringens a type of anaerobic spore-forming Gram-positive bacilli capable of reducing sulfite, typically present in the intestines and feces of humans and warm-blooded animals 3.9 most probable number; MPN number of target microorganisms present in a certain volume of samples, i.e., the most probable number of target microorganisms per unit volume, estimated based on the number of positive target microorganisms produced by incubation of a certain volume of samples with different dilutions, using the principle of statistics and according to the Poisson distribution 4 Standard plate-count bacteria 4.1 Plate counting method 4.1.1 Principle After culturing 1mL of water sample on nutrient agar medium at 36℃±1℃ under aerobic conditions for 48h, the standard plate-count bacteria in 1mL of water sample can be determined. 4.1.2 Nutrient agar medium 4.1.2.1 Component It can be prepared as follows: a) Peptone 10.0g b) Beef extract 3.0g c) Sodium chloride 5.0g d) Agar 10.0g~20.0g e) Pure water 1,000mL 4.1.2.2 Preparation Mix the above components, heat for dissolution, adjust the pH to 7.4~7.6, distribute into glass containers, carry out autoclaved sterilization at 121℃ for 20min, and store in refrigerator at 0℃~4℃.

Foreword I Introduction III 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Standard plate-count bacteria 5 Total coliforms 6 Thermotolerant coliform bacteria 7 Escherichia coli 8 Giardia 9 Cryptosporidium 10 Enterococcus 11 Clostridium perfringens

前言 本文件按照GB/T 1.1—2020 《标准化工作导则 第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规定 起草。 本文件是GB/T 5750《生活饮用水标准检验方法》的第12部分。 GB/T 5750 已经发布了以下 部分： ——第1部分：总则 ——第2部分：水样的采集与保存； ——第3部分：水质分析质量控制； ——第4部分：感官性状和物理指标； ——第5部分：无机非金属指标； ——第6部分：金属和类金属指标； ——第7部分：有机物综合指标； ——第8部分：有机物指标； ——第9部分：农药指标； ——第10部分：消毒副产物指标； ——第11部分：消毒剂指标； ——第12部分：微生物指标； ——第13部分：放射性指标。 本文件代替GB/T 5750.12—2006《生活饮用水标准检验方法 微生物指标》,与GB/T 5750.12- 2006相比，除结构调整和编辑性改动外，主要技术变化如下： a) 增加了6个检验方法(见4.2、8.2、9.2、10.1、10.2、11.1)。 请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。 本文件由中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会提出并归口。 本文件及其所代替文件的历次版本发布情况为： ——1985年首次发布为GB/T 5750—1985,2006年第一次修订为GB/T 5750.12—2006; ——本次为第二次修订。 引言 GB/T 5750《生活饮用水标准检验方法》作为生活饮用水检验技术的推荐性国家标准，与GB 5749 《生活饮用水卫生标准》配套，是GB 5749的重要技术支撑，为贯彻实施 GB 5749、开展生活饮用水卫生 安全性评价提供检验方法。 GB/T 5750由13个部分构成。 ——第1部分；总则。目的在于提供水质检验的基本原则和要求。 ——第2部分；水样的采集与保存。目的在于提供水样采集、保存、管理、运输和采样质量控制的基 本原则、措施和要求。 ——第3部分：水质分析质量控制。目的在于提供水质检验检测实验室质量控制要求与方法。 ——第4部分：感官性状和物理指标。目的在于提供感官性状和物理指标的相应检验方法。 ——第5部分：无机非金属指标。目的在于提供无机非金属指标的相应检验方法， ——第6部分：金属和类金属指标。目的在于提供金属和类金属指标的相应检验方法。 ——第7部分；有机物综合指标。目的在于提供有机物综合指标的相应检验方法。 ——第8部分；有机物指标。目的在于提供有机物指标的相应检验方法。 ——第9部分：农药指标。目的在于提供农药指标的相应检验方法。 ——第10部分：消毒副产物指标。目的在于提供消毒副产物指标的相应检验方法， ——第11部分：消毒剂指标。目的在于提供消毒剂指标的相应检验方法。 ——第12部分：微生物指标。目的在于提供微生物指标的相应检验方法， ——第13部分：放射性指标。目的在于提供放射性指标的相应检验方法， 生活饮用水标准检验方法 第12部分：微生物指标 1 范围 本文件描述了生活饮用水和水源水中菌落总数、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群、大肠埃希氏菌、贾第鞭 毛虫、隐孢子虫、肠球菌和产气荚膜梭状芽孢杆菌的测定方法。 本文件适用于生活饮用水和水源水中微生物指标的测定。 2 规范性引用文件 下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文 件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于 本文件。 GB 4789.28 食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 培养基和试剂的质量要求 GB/T 6682 分析实验室用水规格和试验方法 GB 19489 实验室 生物安全通用要求 3 术语和定义 下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 3.1 菌落总数 standard plate-count bacteria 在一定条件下，经一定时间培养后所得1mL 水样中的微生物菌落个数。 3.2 总大肠菌群 total coliforms 一群在37℃培养，24 h 内能发酵乳糖、产酸产气、需氧和兼性厌氧的革兰氏阴性无芽孢杆菌。 3.3 耐热大肠菌群 thermotolerant coliform bacteria 一群在44.5℃培养，24h 内能发酵乳糖、产酸产气、需氧和兼性厌氧的革兰氏阴性无芽孢杆菌。 3.4 大肠埃希氏菌 Escherichia coli 一群能发酵多种糖类、产酸产气、周身鞭毛、能运动、无芽孢的革兰氏阴性短杆菌，通常存在于人和 温血动物的肠道以及粪便中。 3.5 贾第鞭毛虫 Giardia 一种可在水中或其他介质中发现的原虫类寄生虫，可感染人类致病。 注：贾第鞭毛虫孢囊呈椭圆形，长度为8μm～14μm,宽度为7μm～10μm,孢囊形成初期内部有2个细胞核，成熟 后增加至4个细胞核。 3.6 隐孢子虫 Cryptosporidium 一种可在水中或其他介质中发现的原虫类寄生虫，可感染人类致病。 注：隐孢子虫卵囊为稍微椭圆的圆形，直径4μm～8μm,成熟卵囊内部有4个细胞核。 3.7 肠球菌 Enterococcus 一类成双或呈链状排列、兼性厌氧、无芽孢和荚膜的革兰氏阳性球菌，属D 族链球菌，通常存在于 人和温血动物的肠道以及粪便中。 3.8 产气英膜梭状芽孢杆菌 Clostridium perfringens 一类能还原亚硫酸盐，具有芽孢的革兰氏阳性厌氧杆菌，通常存在于人和温血动物的肠道以及粪便中。 3.9 最可能数 most probable number;MPN 基于泊松分布，利用统计学原理，根据一定体积不同稀释度样品经培养后产生的目标微生物阳性 数，估算一定体积样品中目标微生物存在的数量，即单位体积存在目标微生物的最大可能数。 4 菌落总数 4.1 平皿计数法 4.1.1 原理 1mL 水样在营养琼脂培养基上、在有氧条件下36℃±1℃培养48h 后，所得1mL 水样中的菌落 总数的方法。 4.1.2 营养琼脂培养基 4.1.2.1 成分 按如下成分配制 a) 蛋白胨 10.0 g b) 牛肉膏 3.0g c) 氯化钠 5.0 g d) 琼脂 10.0 g～20.0 g e) 纯水 1000 mL 4.1.2.2 制法 将上述成分混合后，加热溶解，调整pH 为7.4～7.6,分装于玻璃容器中，经121℃高压蒸汽灭菌20min,0℃~4℃冷藏保存。