标准编号:	GB/T 4357-2009
中文名称:	冷拉碳素弹簧钢丝
英文名称:	Cold-drawn non-alloy steel wire for springs
中标分类:	H49    钢丝、钢丝绳
行业分类:	GB    国家标准
ICS分类:	77.140.65 77.140.65    钢丝、钢丝绳和环节链 77.140.65
发布机构:	中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局 中国国家标准化管理委员会
发布日期:	2009-10-30
实施日期:	2010-5-1
标准状态:	superseded
被新标准替代:	GB/T 4357-2022 冷拉碳素弹簧钢丝
被替代日期:	2022-11-1
替代旧标准:	GB/T 4357-1989 碳素弹簧钢丝
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	10000 字
翻译价格(元):	240.0
交付时间:	付款后 1 个工作日

Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative. This Standard is revised by adopting ISO 8458-2: 2002 “Wire for Mechanical Springs --Part 2: Patented Cold-Drawn Non-alloy Wire” (English version). This Standard is redrafted in accordance with ISO 8458-2: 2002. For easy comparison, the summary list of national and international Standard clauses has been listed in informative Annex A. In Annex B, the summary list of technical differences and their reasons is provided for reference. This Standard replaces GB/T 4357 - 1989 Non-Alloy Wire for springs, and compared to GB/T 4357 - 1989 the main differences are as follows: ——Terms and definitions are added ——The gradation of spring load against wire is added; variety of coating wire and straight wire are added. ——Order contents are added。 ——Provisions of diameter tolerance are modified from quoting other Standards to direct provisions (Table 2 and Table 3) ——Pitch index is added. —— Chemical composition scope is enlarged and suitable composition requirements for static load and dynamic load springs are provided ——Tensile strength fluctuation scope of the same one wire is provided ——The limitation of surface defects’ depth on dynamic load spring application is added ——Bending test and coil spring test are added. ——Provisions of sampling location and amount are changed ——Requirements of inspecting document provision and chemical composition providing are added. Annex A and Annex B in this Standard are informative. This Standard was proposed by China Iron and Steel Association。 This Standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Iron and Steel of Standardization Administration of China. Drafting organizations: Jiang Xi XinHua Metal Products CO., Ltd, Fasten Group Co., and China Metallurgical Information and Standardization Institute. Chief drafting staffs: Duan Jianhua, Huang Wei,Lu Jianfeng, Wang Lingjun, Dai Shifeng , and Ding Anlai. The former issued editions this Standard replaces are: GB/T 4357 - 1984, GB/T 4357 - 1989. Contents 1 Scope 1 2 Normative References 1 3 Terms and Definitions 2 4 Gradation and Marking 2 5 Order Contents 3 6 Size, Appearance and Permissible Deviation 3 7 Technical Requirements 5 8 Testing items, Requirements and Methods 10 9 Testing Rules of Wire 10 Annex A (Informative) The clause number of this Standard is compared with clause number ISO 8458-2: 2002 12 Annex B (Informative) The technical differences and their reasons between this Standard and ISO 8458-2: 2002 13 Cold-drawn Non-alloy Wire for Springs 1 Scope This Standard stipulates terms and definitions, gradation and marking, order contents, dimension, profile and allowable deviation, technical requirements, testing items, requirements and methods, testing rules, packaging, mark and quality certification of cold-drawn non-alloy wire for springs production. This Standard is applicable to the cast cold-drawn non-alloy wire for springs (hereinafter referred to as wire) used to produce static load and dynamic load springs. It is not applicable to produce wire used in high fatigue strength springs (such as valve springs). 2 Normative References Clauses of the following documents, quoted by in this Standard, will become clauses of this Standard. For dated reference, the following amendments (not including the contents of kanhong) or recessions do not apply to this standard. However, all parties coming to an agreement according to this Standard are encouraged to discuss whether the latest editions of these documents are applicable. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document is applicable to this Standard. GB/T 222 Permissible tolerances for chemical composition of steel products GB/T 223.3 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy; the diantipyrylmethane phosphomolybdate gravimetric method for the determination of phosphorus content GB/T 223.19 Methods for chemical analysis of iron steel and alloy; the neocuproine-chloroform extraction photometric method for the determination of copper content GB/T 223.58 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy; the sodium arsenite-sodium nitrite titrimetric method for the determination of manganese content GB/T 223.60 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy The perchloric acid dehydration gravimetric method for the determination of silicon content (GB/T 223.60-1997, eqv ISO 439: 1994) GB/T 223.67 Steel and alloys - sulfur content method for determination of methylene blue GB/T 223.71 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy The gravimetric method after combustion in the pipe furnace for the determination of carbon content(GB/T 223.71-1997, eqv ISO 437: 1982) GB/T 224 Determination of depth of decarburization of steel(GB/T 224—2008, ISO 3887: 2003, MOD) GB/T 228 Metallic materials-tensile testing at ambient temperature GB/T 1839 galvanizing coat quality test of steel products (GB/T 1839—2008, ISO 1460: 1992, MOD) GB/T 239 Metallic Materials Wire Torsion Test (GB/T 239—1999, eqv ISO 7800: 1984) GB/T 1839 Determination of weight of zinc coating of steel products (GB/T 1839—2008, ISO 1460: 1992, MOD) GB 2103 General provisions for checking, packing, marking and quality certification of steel wire GB/T 2976 Metallic Materials--Wire--Wrapping Test (GB/T 2976-2004, ISO 7802: 1983, IDT) YB/T 170.2 Non-ally wire rod for conversion to wire —Part 2: General purpose wire rod (YB/T 170.2 —2000; eqv ISO/FDIS 16120 —2: 2000) YB/T 170.4 Non-alloy wire rod for conversion to wire—Part 4: Special purpose wire rod (YB/T 170.4 - 2002; ISO 16120-4: 2001; MOD) 3 Terms and Definitions The following terms and definitions are applicable to this Standard. 3.1 Cold-drawn non-alloy wire for springs Blank carbon steel , firstly through austenization heating and then cooling in certain condition, and make it generate sorbite (nodular troostite )tissue, hereafter cold drawn to the wanted dimensional steel spring wire. 3.2 Static load It means springs bear static load or infrequent dynamic load (cycle times N< times),or load of these two kinds. Note: It is not applicable to low frequency high load condition. 3.3 Dynamic load It means spring bears frequent load (cycle times N≥104times) or mainly on outburst dynamic load. Note: When the spinning ratio of spring is small or a fierce anfractuosity is required, it shall be regard as dynamic load. 3.4 Cast The geometrical shape of a lap of wire cut from coils (its features including diameter of free ring and pitch) (see Figure 1). 3.5 Coil One lap of wire coils, which is an unbroken wire ring. 3.6 Diameter of free ring Put a lap of wire on a smooth level, and the measured external diameter is the diameter of free ring. 3.7 Pitch The distance on the cast axes direction after a lap of freely hung wire's two ends flick out when inspect casts. 4 Gradation and Marking 4.1 According to tensile strength, wire can be divided into low tensile strength, medium tensile strength and high tensile strength represented by L, M and H respectively. According to the characteristics of spring load, it can be divided into static load and dynamic load, represented by S and D respectively. In Table 1, the correspondent diameter scope and code type of different strength grades and different types of load are listed. In the table, the first letter of the code is the load classification code; the second letter is the tensile strength grade code. Table 1 Tensile strength grade, load type and diameter scope Tensile strength Static load Nominal diameter scope/mm Dynamic load Nominal diameter scope/mm Low tensile strength SL 1.00~10.00 - - Medium tensile strength SM 0.30~13.00 DM 0.08~13.00 High tensile strength SH 0.30~13.00 DH 0.05~13.00 4.2 Wire can be divided into plain wire and coating wire according to surface state. 4.3 Marking illustration Example 1: The 200 mm medium tensile strength grade and dynamic load applicable steel spring wire is marked as: plain steel spring wire -GB/T 4357-2.00 mm -DM Example 2: The 4.50 high tensile strength grade and static load applicable galvanized iron spring wire is marked as: galvanized iron spring wire-GB/T 4357-4.50mm -SH

1 Scope 2 Normative References 3 Terms and Definitions 4 Gradation and Marking 5 Order Contents 6 Size, Appearance and Permissible Deviation 7 Technical Requirements 8 Testing items, Requirements and Methods 9 Testing Rules of Wire Annex A (Informative) The clause number of this Standard is compared with clause number ISO 8458-2: Annex B (Informative) The technical differences and their reasons between this Standard and ISO 8458-2:

1 范围 本标准规定了制造冷拉碳素弹簧钢丝的术语和定义、分类和标记、订货内容、尺寸、外形和允许偏差、技术要求、检验项目、要求和方法、检验规则、包装、标志和质量证明书。 本标准适用于制造静载荷和动载荷应用机械弹簧的圆形冷拉碳素弹簧钢丝(以下简称钢丝)，不适用于制造高疲劳强度弹簧(如阀门簧)用钢丝。 2 规范性引用文件 下列文件中的条款通过本标准的引用而成为本标准的条款。凡是注日期的引用文件，其随后所有的修改单(不包括勘洪的内容)或修订版均不适用于本标准，然而，鼓励根据本标准达成协议的各方研究是否可使用这些文件的最新版本。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本适用于本标准。 GB/T 222 钢的成品化学成分允许偏差 GB/T 223.3 钢铁及合金化学分析方法 二安替比林甲烷磷钼酸重量法测定磷量 GB/T 223.19 钢铁及合金化学分析方法 新亚铜灵-三氯甲烷萃取光度法测定铜量 GB/T 223.58 钢铁及合金化学分析方法 亚砷酸钠-亚硝酸钠滴定法测定锰量 GB/T 223.60 钢铁及合金化学分析方法 高氯酸重量法测定硅含量(GB/T 223.60—1997，eqv ISO 439：1994) GB/T 223.67 钢铁及合金 硫含量的测定次甲基蓝光度法 GB/T 223.71 钢铁及合金化学分析方法 管式炉内燃烧后重量法测定碳含量(GB/T 223.71—1997，eqv ISO 437：1982) GB/T 224 钢的脱碳层深度测定法(GB/T 224—2008，ISO 3887：2003，MOD) GB/T 228 金属材料 室温拉伸试验方法(GB/T 228—2002，eqv ISO 6892：1998) GB/T 239 金属线材扭转试验方法(GB/T 239—1999，eqv ISO 7800：1984) GB/T 1839 钢产品镀锌层质量试验方法(GB/T 1839—2008，ISO 1460：1992，MOD) GB/T 2103 钢丝验收、包装、标志及质量证明书的一般规定 GB/T 2976 金属材料 线材 缠绕试验方法(GB/T 2976—2004，ISO 7802：1983，IDT) YB/T 170.2 制丝用非合金钢盘条 第2部分：一般用途盘条(YB/T 170.2—2000，eqv ISO/FDIS 16120—2：2000) YB/T 170.4 制丝用非合金钢盘条 第4部分：特殊用途盘条(YB/T 170.4—2002，ISO 16120-4：2001，MOD) 3 术语和定义 下列术语和定义适用于本标准。 3.1 冷拉碳素弹簧钢丝 cold-drawn non-alloy steel wire for springs 碳钢坯料先经过加热奥氏体化后按一定条件冷却，使其产生索氏体(细珠光体)组织，然后冷拉至所需尺寸的弹簧钢丝。 3.2 静载荷 static load 指弹簧承受静态载荷或不频繁动载荷(循环次数N＜104次)，或承受这两种载荷。 注：这不适用于低频高载荷状态。 3.3 动载荷 dynamic load 指弹簧承受频繁载荷(循环次数N≥104次)或以突发动载荷为主。 注：当弹簧旋绕比小或需剧烈弯曲时应视为动载。 3.4 圈形 cast 从盘卷上切下的一圈钢丝的几何形状(特征包括自由圈径和圈距)(见图1)。 3.5 圈 coil 钢丝盘卷中的一圈，即一个完整的钢丝圆圈。 3.6 自由圈径 diameter of free ring 将一圈钢丝摆放在光面的水平面上，测得钢丝圈的外径即为自由圈径。 3.7 圈距 pitch 检查圈形时，自由悬挂的一圈钢丝的两个端头弹开后在圈轴线方向的距离。 4 分类和标记 4.1 钢丝按照抗拉强度分类为低抗拉强度，中等抗拉强度和高抗拉强度，分别用符号L、M和H代表。 按照弹簧载荷特点分类为静载荷和动载荷，分别用S和D代表。表1列出了不同强度等级和不同载荷类型对应的直径范围及类别代码，表中代码的首位是弹簧载荷分类代码，第二位是抗拉强度等级代码。 表1 强度级别、载荷类型与直径范围 强度等级 静载荷 公称直径范围/mm 动载荷 公称直径范围/mm 低抗拉强度 SL型 1.00～10.00 - - 中等抗拉强度 SM型 0.30～13.00 DM型 0.08～13.00 高抗拉强度 SH型 0.30～13.00 DH型 0.05～13.00 4.2 钢丝按照表面状态分类为光面钢丝和镀层钢丝。 4.3 标记示例 例1：200 mm中等抗拉强度级、适用于动载的光面弹簧钢丝，标记为： 光面弹簧钢丝-GB/T 4357-2.00 mm-DM 例2：4.50 mm高抗拉强度级、适用于静载的镀锌弹簧钢丝，标记为： 镀锌弹簧钢丝-GB/T 4357-4.50 mm-SH 5 订货内容 根据本标准订货的合同应包含下列要求： a)本标准号； b)钢丝公称直径； c)数量； d)钢丝强度级别； e)表面状态； f)交货形式及单件重量； g)其他要求。 6 尺寸、外形及允许偏差 6.1 尺寸及允许偏差 6.1.1 用千分尺在任意横截面上测量直径，盘卷钢丝的直径及允许偏差应符合表2的规定，直条钢丝的直径偏差应符合表3的规定。 6.1.2 定尺钢丝的长度偏差应符合表4规定，合同中应注明偏差级别，未注明时按1级执行。 6.2 不圆度 不圆度由同一横截面上测得的最大直径与最小直径之差求得，不圆度应不大于该直径公差之半。 表2 钢丝直径及允许偏差 单位为毫米 钢丝公称直径，d SH型、DM型和DH型 SL型和SM型 0.05≤d＜0.09 ±0.003 - 0.09≤d＜0.17 ±0.004 - 0.17≤d＜0.26 ±0.005 - 0.26≤d＜0.37 ±0.006 ±0.010 0.37≤d＜0.65 ±0.008 ±0.012 0.65≤d＜0.80 ±0.010 ±0.015 0.80≤d＜1.01 ±0.015 ±0.020 1.01≤d＜1.78 ±0.020 ±0.025 1.78≤d＜2.78 ±0.025 ±0.030 2.78≤d＜4.00 ±0.030 ±0.030 4.00≤d＜5.45 ±0.035 ±0.035 5.45≤d＜7.10 ±0.040 ±0.040 7.10≤d＜9.00 ±0.045 ±0.045 9.00≤d＜10.00 ±0.050 ±0.050 10.00≤d＜11.10 ±0.060 ±0.060 11.10≤d≤13.00 ±0.060 ±0.070 表3 直条定尺钢丝直径及允许偏差 单位为毫米 钢丝公称直径，d 直径允许偏差 0.26≤d＜0.37 -0.010 +0.015 0.37≤d＜0.50 -0.012 +0.018 0.50≤d＜0.65 -0.012 +0.020 0.65≤d＜0.70 -0.015 +0.025 0.70≤d＜0.80 -0.015 +0.030 0.80≤d＜1.01 -0.020 +0.035 表3(续) 钢丝公称直径，d 直径允许偏差 1.01≤d＜1.35 -0.025 +0.045 1.35≤d＜1.78 -0.025 +0.050 1.78≤d＜2.60 -0.030 +0.060 2.60≤d＜2.78 -0.030 +0.070 2.78≤d＜3.01 -0.030 +0.075 3.01≤d＜3.35 -0.030 +0.080 3.35≤d＜4.01 -0.030 +0.090 4.01≤d＜4.35 -0.035 +0.100 4.35≤d＜5.00 -0.035 +0.110 5.00≤d＜5.45 -0.035 +0.120 5.45≤d＜6.01 -0.040 +0.130 6.01≤d＜7.10 -0.040 +0.150 7.10≤d＜7.65 -0.045 +0.160 7.65≤d＜9.00 -0.045 +0.180 9.00≤d＜10.00 -0.050 +0.200 10.00≤d＜11.10 -0.070 +0.240 11.10≤d＜12.00 -0.080 +0.250 12.00≤d＜13.00 -0.080 +0.300 表4 定尺长度允许偏差 单位为毫米 公称长度，L 长度允许偏差 0＜L≤300 +1.0 0 +0.01L -0 300＜L≤1 000 +2.0 0 L＞1 000 +0.002L 0 6.3 钢丝的圈形 6.3.1 钢丝应有均匀规整的圈形。剪断绑扎线后，钢丝的自由圈径应不小于钢丝盘绕圈径，允许出现圈形放大现象，但在同一卷和同一批钢丝中放大程度应大致均匀。 6.3.2 公称直径不大于5.00 mm的钢丝，圈距“f”应符合式(1)的要求： ………………(1) 式中： f——圈距，单位为毫米(mm)； D——自由圈径，单位为毫米(mm)； d——钢丝公称直径，单位为毫米(mm)。 图1 钢丝的圈形 6.4 定尺直条钢丝的直线度 对于500 mm检验长度，钢丝偏离直线不应超过0.5 mm；对于1 000 mm检验长度，钢丝偏离直线不应超过2 mm。 注：直径大于6 mm的钢丝推荐用1 000 mm的检验长度；直径小于或等于6 mm的钢丝推荐用500 mm的检验长度。 7 技术要求 7.1 材料 7.1.1 用于SL、SM及SH等级弹簧钢丝用盘条应满足YB/T 170.2或质量相当的其他标准的要求，用于DM及DH等级弹簧钢丝用盘条应满足YB/T 170.4或质量相当的其他标准要求。 7.1.2 钢的化学成分(熔炼分析)应符合表5的规定。钢丝成品化学成分的允许偏差应符合GB/T 222的规定。 7.2 涂镀层及表面状态 7.2.1 光面钢丝拉拔前处理可以采用石灰涂层、硼砂涂层或磷酸盐涂层。如要求有金属镀层，应采用铜、锌或锌铝合金镀在钢丝上。其他镀层由供需双方商定。 钢丝可以干拉也可以湿拉。 如需方对表面状态未提要求，由供方确定。 表5 化学成分 ％ 等级 化学成分(质量分数) Ca Si Mnb P，不大于 S，不大于 Cu，不大于 SL、SM、SH 0.35～1.00 0.10～0.30 0.30～1.20 0.030 0.030 0.20 DH，DM 0.45～1.00 0.10～0.30 0.50～1.20 0.020 0.025 0.12 a规定较宽的碳范围是为了适应不同需要和不同工艺，具体应用时碳范围应更窄。 b规定较宽的锰范围是为了适应不同需要和不同工艺，具体应用时锰范围应更窄。 7.2.2 对于镀锌或镀锌铝合金的弹簧钢丝，钢丝表面的锌层重量或锌铝合金层重量应符合表6的规定，其他镀层重量由供需双方协商确定。 表6 锌或锌铝合金镀层的最小重量 公称直径，d/mm 镀层重量/(g/m2) 0.20≤d＜0.25 20 0.25≤d＜0.40 25 0.40≤d＜0.50 30 表6(续) 公称直径，d/mm 镀层重量/(g/m2) 0.50≤d＜0.60 35 0.60≤d＜0.70 40 0.70≤d＜0.80 45 0.80≤d＜0.90 50 0.90≤d＜1.00 55 1.00≤d＜1.20 60 1.20≤d＜1.40 65 1.40≤d＜1.65 70 1.65≤d＜1.85 75 1.85≤d＜2.15 80 2.15≤d＜2.50 85 2.50≤d＜2.80 95 2.80≤d＜3.20 100 3.20≤d＜3.80 105 3.80≤d＜10.00 110 7.2.3 镀层附着力采用缠绕试验测定，钢丝在直径等于自身直径的芯棒上紧密缠绕至少四圈，镀层不出现任何裂纹，用手指擦拭时锌层不脱落。 7.2.4 供需双方可协商镀层的盐雾试验及其要求。 注：通常的镀层工艺会改变钢丝性能，钢丝的韧性和疲劳强度可能下降。 7.3 表面质量 7.3.1 钢丝表面应是光滑的，不应有拉痕、撕裂、生锈等对钢丝使用有明显不利影响的表面缺陷。 7.3.2 动载荷弹簧用钢丝(DM和DH)必须进行表面检验，裂纹或其他表面缺陷在径向的深度应不大于钢丝公称直径的1％。对公称直径不小于2 mm的钢丝采用酸浸检验，酸浸后不应有表面缺陷，有争议时用金相法检验。酸浸试验前试样可先进行消除应力处理，然后将冷样浸入温度为75℃、盐酸和水的体积比为50∶50的溶液中，在直径减少大约1％后终止酸浸。经双方协议，可以进行涡流探伤。 7.3.3 对动载荷弹簧用钢丝(DM和DH)，横截面上应不出现全脱碳层，而部分脱碳的径向深度应不大于钢丝公称直径的1.5％。 7.4 力学性能 7.4.1 钢丝的抗拉强度应符合表7的要求。抗拉强度应根据公称直径计算得出。 7.4.2 同一盘钢丝抗拉强度的波动范围应不大于100 MPa。 7.5 工艺性能 7.5.1 缠绕试验 公称直径小于3.00 mm的钢丝可采用缠绕试验。钢丝在直径等于自身直径的芯棒上紧密缠绕至少四圈，不出现任何裂纹。 7.5.2 扭转试验 7.5.2.1 公称直径为0.70 mm～6.00 mm的钢丝应进行扭转试验，公称直径大于6.00 mm但不大于10.00 mm的钢丝的扭转试验，由双方协商确定。钢丝按GB/T 239要求扭转到表8规定的次数时应不断裂，表面应不出现扭转裂纹或分层。 7.5.2.2 试验应进行到断裂，最初断裂面应垂直钢丝轴线而表面不应撕开。在钢丝回扭时，可能发生第二次断裂应忽略不计。