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Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative. There are the following parts under the general title Explosive atmospheres: ——Part 1: Equipment - General requirements; ——Part 2: Equipment protection by flameproof enclosures “d”; ——Part 3: Equipment protection by increased safety “e”; ——Part 4: Equipment protection by intrinsic safety "i"; ——Part 5: Equipment protection by pressurized enclosure “p”; ——Part 6: Equipment protection by oil immersion “o”; ——Part 7: Equipment protection by powder filling “q”; ——Part 8: Equipment protection by type of protection “n”; ——Part 9: Equipment protection by type of protection “m”; ——Part 11: Material characteristics for gas and vapour classification - Test methods and data; ——Part 12: Material characteristics for combustible dusts - Test methods; ——Part 13: Equipment repair, overhaul and reclamation; ——Part 14: Classification of areas - Explosive gas atmosphere; ——Part 15: Electrical installations design, selection and erection; ——Part 16: Electrical installations inspection and maintenance; ——Part 17: Equipment protection by pressurized room “p” and artificially ventilated room “v”; ——Part 18: Intrinsically safe electrical systems; ——Part 19: Fieldbus intrinsically safe concept (FISCO); ——Part 20: Equipment with equipment protection level (EPL) Ga; ——Part 21: Application of quality systems for equipment manufacture; ——Part 22: Protection of equipment and transmission system using optical radiation; ——Part 23: Group I, category EPL Ma equipment intended to remain functional in atmospheres endangered by firedamp and/or coal dust; ——Part 24: Equipment protection by special protection “s”; ——Part 25: Requirements for process sealing between flammable process fluids and electrical systems; ——Part 26: Electrostatic hazards - Guidance; ——Part 27: Electrostatic hazards - Test; … This is Part 17 of Explosive atmospheres. This part is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This part replaces GB 3836.17-2007 Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmosphere - Part 17: Construction and use of rooms or buildings protected by pressurization, and the following main technical changes have been made with respect to GB 3836.17-2007: ——The standard name is changed, with the pressurized room "p" defined and the artificially ventilated room "v” added; ——The types of protections pb, pc and vc are added; ——The equipment protection level (EPL) is added; ——The requirements related to dusts are added; ——The requirements for various doors are added to prevent explosive atmosphere from entering; ——The content that the air inlet may be located in Zone 2 under specific conditions is added. This part has been redrafted and modified in relation to IEC 60079-13:2017 Explosive atmospheres - Part 13: Equipment protection by pressurized room “p” and artificially ventilated room “v”. The main technical differences of this part from IEC 60079-13:2017 and their justifications are as follows:: ——The adjustment on technical differences has been made on “Normative references” of this part to meet the technical specification in China; the adjustment situations are embodied in a concentrated way in Clause 2 - "Normative references" and the specific adjustments are as follows: IEC 60050-426 is replaced by GB/T 2900.35 which is identical to the international standard. IEC 60079-0 is replaced by GB 3836.1 which is modified in relation to the international standard. IEC 60079-10-1 is replaced by GB 3836.14 which is identical to the international standard. IEC 60079-29 (all parts) is replaced by GB/T 20936 (all parts), and the degree of consistency between various parts of the two standards is as follows: GB/T 20936.1-2017 Gas detectors for explosive atmospheres - Part 1: Performance requirements of detectors for flammable gases (IEC 60079-29-1:2007, MOD); GB/T 20936.2-2017 Gas detectors for explosive atmospheres - Part 2: Selection, installation, use and maintenance of detectors for flammable gases and oxygen (IEC 60079-29-2:2007, MOD); GB/T 20936.3-2017 Gas detectors for explosive atmospheres - Part 3: Guidance on functional safety of fixed gas detection systems (IEC 60079-29-3:2014, MOD); GB/T 20936.4-2017 Gas detectors for explosive atmospheres - Part 4: Performance requirements of open path detectors for flammable gases (IEC 60079-29-4:2009, MOD). GB/T 3836.16 is added for reference. ——Annex A is adjusted from informative to normative to strengthen maintenance requirements so as to ensure protection of equipment after being put into use. The following editorial changes have been made in this part: ——The part number in the standard name is modified. This part was proposed by the China Electrical Equipment Industrial Association. This part is under the jurisdiction of SAC/TC 9 National Technical Committee on Explosion Protected Electrical Apparatus of Standardization Administration of China. The previous edition of this part is as follows: ——GB 3836.17-2007. Explosive atmospheres - Part 17: Equipment protection by pressurized room “p” and artificially ventilated room “v” 1 Scope This part of Explosive atmospheres gives requirements for the design, construction, assessment, test and marking of rooms used to protect internal equipment: ——located in a Zone 1 or Zone 2 or Zone 21 or Zone 22 explosive atmosphere (an area normally requiring an equipment protection level (EPL) Gb, Gc, Db or Dc) without an internal source of gas/vapour release and protected by pressurization; ——located in a Zone 2 explosive atmosphere (an area normally requiring EPL Gc) without an internal source of gas/vapour release and protected by artificial ventilation; ——located in a non-hazardous area, containing an internal source of gas/vapour release and protected by artificial ventilation; ——located in a Zone 1 or Zone 2 or Zone 21 or Zone 22 explosive atmosphere (an area normally requiring EPL Gb, Gc, Db or Dc), containing an internal source of gas/vapour release and protected by both pressurization and artificial ventilation. The term "room" used in this part includes single rooms, multiple rooms, a complete building or a room contained within a building. A room includes passages for facilitating the entry of personnel as well as the inlet and outlet ducts. An acoustic hood and other like enclosures designed to permit the entry of personnel may be considered as a room. This part also includes requirements related to safety devices and controls necessary to ensure that artificial ventilation, purging and pressurization are established and maintained. A room assembled or constructed on site, may be either on land or off-shore. The room is primarily intended for installation by an end-user but could be constructed and assessed at a manufacturer’s facility, where the final construction such as ducting can be completed on site. Rooms can be located in an explosive gas atmosphere requiring EPL Gb or Gc, or a combustible dust atmosphere requiring EPL Db or Dc. This part does not specify the methods that may be required to ensure adequate air quality and temperature for personnel to work within the room. Protection of rooms by using an inert gas or a flammable gas is outside of the scope of this part. It is generally recognized that such applications are special cases, which in part may be addressed using the principles from GB/T 3836.5, but in all probability will also be the subject of additional, stringent engineering standards, procedures and practices. Pressurized enclosures for equipment that are not intended to facilitate the entry of personnel are addressed in GB/T 3836.5, and are not in the scope of this part. Maintenance recommendations are contained in Annex A. This part supplements and modifies the general requirements of GB 3836.1, except exclusions as indicated in Table 1. Table 1 Relationship between this part and GB 3836.1 Clause of GB 3836.1 GB 3836.1 application to this part Clause of GB 3836.1 (2010 edition) (Informative) Clause/subclause title (Nominative) 4 Equipment grouping Applies 4.1 Group I Excluded 4.2 Group II Applies 4.3 Group III Applies 4.4 Equipment for a particular explosive atmosphere Applies 5.1 Environmental influences Applies 5.1.1 Ambient temperature Applies 5.1.2 External source of heating or cooling Applies 5.2 Service temperature Applies 5.3.1 Determination of maximum surface temperature Applies 5.3.2.1 Group I electrical equipment Excluded 5.3.2.2 Group II electrical equipment Applies 5.3.2.3 Group III electrical equipment Applies 5.3.3 Small component temperature for Group I and Group II electrical equipment Excluded 6.1 General Applies 6.2 Mechanical strength of equipment Excluded 6.3 Opening time of equipment enclosure Excluded 6.4 Circulating currents Excluded 6.5 Gasket retention Excluded 6.6 Electromagnetic and ultrasonic radiating equipment Applies 7.1 General Excluded 7.2 Thermal endurance Excluded 7.3 Resistance to light Modified 7.4 Electrostatic charges on external non-metallic materials Modified 7.5 Flame retardance Excluded 7.6 Screw hole Applies 8 Metallic enclosures and metallic parts of enclosures Excluded 9 Fasteners Excluded 10 Interlocking devices Excluded 11 Insulating bushings Excluded 12 Materials used for cementing Excluded 13 Ex components Excluded 14 Connection facilities and termination compartments Excluded 15 Connection facilities for earthing and bonding conductors Excluded 16 Entries into enclosures Excluded 17 Supplementary requirements for rotating electrical machines Excluded 18 Supplementary requirements for switchgear Excluded 19 Supplementary requirements for fuses Excluded 20 Supplementary requirements for plugs and sockets Excluded 21 Supplementary requirements for luminaires Excluded 22 Supplementary requirements for caplights and handlights Excluded 23 Equipment incorporating cells and batteries Excluded 24 Documentation Applies 25 Compliance of prototype or sample with documents Applies 26 Type test Excluded 26.1 General Applies 26.2 Test configuration Applies 26.3 Tests in explosive test mixtures Excluded 26.4 Tests of enclosures Excluded 26.5 Thermal tests Excluded 26.6 Torque test for insulating bushings Excluded 26.7 Non-metallic enclosures or non-metallic parts of enclosures Excluded 26.8 Test for thermal endurance to heat Excluded 26.9 Test for thermal endurance to cold Excluded 26.10 Test for resistance to light Applies 26.11 Test for resistance to chemical agents for Group I electrical equipment Excluded 26.12 Earth continuity Excluded 26.13 Surface resistance test of parts of enclosures of non-metallic materials Excluded 26.14 Electrification test Applies 26.15 Measurement of capacitance Excluded 27 Routine tests Applies 28 Manufacturers responsibility Applies 29.1 Location Modified 29.2 General Modified 29.3 Ex marking for explosive gas atmospheres Modified 29.4 Ex marking for explosive dust atmospheres Applies 29.5 Combined types of protection Applies 29.6 Multiple types of protection Excluded 29.7 Ga using two independent Gb types of protection Excluded 29.8 Ex components Excluded 29.9 Small equipment and small Ex components Excluded 29.10 Extremely small equipment and extremely small Ex components Modified 29.11 Warning markings Applies 29.12 Alternate marking of equipment protection levels (EPLs) Excluded 29.13 Cells and batteries Applies 30 Instructions Modified Annex A Supplementary requirements for Ex cable glands Excluded Annex B Requirements for Ex components Excluded Annex C Special requirements for Group I electrical equipment Excluded Annex D Inspection procedure for obtaining Ex certificate Applies Annex E Introduction to an alternative risk assessment method encompassing "equipment protection levels" for Ex equipment Applies Annex F Motors with converter supply Applies Annex G Example of rig for resistance to impact test Excluded Applies: this requirement of GB 3836.1 is applied without change. Excluded: this requirement of GB 3836.1 does not apply. Modified: this requirement of GB 3836.1 is modified as detailed in this part. Note: The applicable requirements of GB 3836.1 are identified by the clause title which is normative. This table was written against the specific requirements of GB 3836.1. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 2900.35 Electrotechnical terminology - Equipment for explosive atmospheres (GB/T 2900.35-2008, IEC 60050-426:2008, IDT) GB 3836.1 Explosive atmospheres - Part 1: Equipment - General requirements (GB 3836.1-2010, IEC 60079-0:2007, MOD) GB 3836.14 Explosive atmospheres - Part 14: Classification of areas - Explosive gas atmosphere (GB 3836.14-2014, IEC 60079-10-1:2008, IDT) GB/T 3836.16 Explosive atmospheres - Part 16: Electrical installations inspection and maintenance (GB/T 3836.16-2017, IEC 60079-17:2007, IDT) GB/T 20936 (all parts) Gas detectors for explosive atmospheres [IEC 60079-29 (all parts)] 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 2900.35 and GB 3836.1 and the following apply. Note: Unless otherwise specified, the terms "voltage" and "current" mean the RMS values of an alternating, direct or composite voltage or current. 3.1 airlock means of egress, consisting of two interdependent doors designed to maintain the internal pressure of the room in order to prevent the entry of a surrounding explosive atmosphere 3.2 alarm piece of apparatus that generates a visual or audible signal that is intended to attract attention 3.3 clean air air that is essentially free of combustible dust, flammable vapour or gas 3.4 dilution mixing of flammable gas or vapour with air which, over time, will reduce the flammable concentration to a safe level Note: For safety reasons, dilution to a level lower than the lower explosive limit (LEL) can be required if associated with the potential release there is an additional toxic or asphyxiant risk. Further guidance can be found in GB/T 29812. 3.5 internal source of release point or location indoors from which a gas, vapour, mist or liquid may be released into the atmosphere such that an explosive gas atmosphere could be formed 3.6 limiting value lowest concentration value of the lower flammable limit (LFL) of each component involved, taking account of the most onerous conditions of concentration that may occur from every internal source of release within the room 3.7 lower flammable limit; LFL lower limit of the combustion concentration range of flammable gas or vapour in air below which an explosive gas atmosphere will not form Note: This term is also known as the lower explosive limit (LEL). 3.8 opening inlet, outlet, door or non-airtight fixed panel 3.9 pressurization technique of guarding against the ingress of the external atmosphere into a room by maintaining clean air therein at a pressure above that of the external atmosphere Note: The pressurization in this part is suitable for rooms. 3.10 pressurization system grouping of safety devices and other components used to pressurize and monitor or control a pressurized room 3.11 restricted access door door located in a hazardous area in Zone 2, which may be opened for no more than three times a day and for no more than 60s each time, gives an alarm when open or has an option of a time delay of no more than 90s if not completely closed Note: Access-restricted doors include those that can be opened only with a work permit. 3.12 safety device item used to implement or maintain the integrity of the type of protection 3.13 pressurized room room volume protected by pressurization and of sufficient size to permit the entry of a person who may work or stay in the room 3.14 artificially ventilated room room volume protected by artificial ventilation and of sufficient size to permit the entry of a person who may work or stay in the room 3.15 purging operation of passing a quantity of clean air through the room and ducts in a pressurized or artificially ventilated room, so that the concentration of the explosive gas mixture is brought to a safe level 3.16 room volume (of the pressurized or artificially ventilated room) volume of the empty room and including any associated ducting without internal equipment 3.17 pressurization pb pressurized room that provides an equipment protection level Gb or Db 3.18 pressurization pc pressurized room that provides an equipment protection level Gc or Dc 3.19 artificial ventilation vc artificial ventilation of a room with or without an internal source of release, such that the room provides an equipment protection level Gc, which is only applicable to artificially ventilated rooms used in Zone 2 3.20 artificial ventilation technique of guarding against an explosive atmosphere by the use of mechanical means to provide for the movement of air 3.21 ventilation system complete installation required to produce artificial ventilation 4 Requirements for rooms 4.1 General Protection by pressurization and protection by artificial ventilation are separately used but may be combined to protect against hazards where required. Where both techniques are combined, then requirements for both shall apply. Unless otherwise identified in Clauses 6 or 7, the requirements in 4.2 to 4.10 apply to both protection techniques. Note: Annex C provides examples of applications and associated guidelines. 4.2 Type and level of protection 4.2.1 Pressurization "p" Rooms with pressurization "p" shall be one of the following: a) Level of protection "pb" (EPL Gb or Db). The pressurized room maintains an internal positive pressure reducing the risk of ingress of an explosive atmosphere and is suitable for use in an area requiring EPL Gb or Db, permitting unprotected equipment to be installed within the pressurized room except for pressurization safety devices (see 6.3.1). b) Level of protection "pc" (EPL Gc or Dc). The pressurized room maintains an internal positive pressure reducing the risk of the ingress of an explosive atmosphere and is suitable for use in an area requiring EPL Gc or Dc, permitting unprotected equipment to be installed within the pressurized room except for pressurization safety devices (see 6.3.1). 4.2.2 Artificial ventilation "v" The artificially ventilated room maintains artificial ventilation to dilute a release of flammable substance to reduce a hazardous area inside such that the required EPL is reduced from either Gb or Gc to non-hazardous or from Gb to Gc. Rooms with artificial ventilation "v" shall be: ——level of protection "vc" (EPL Gc). The artificially ventilated room maintains artificial ventilation to dilute a release of flammable substance to reduce a hazardous area such that unprotected equipment can be installed within the artificially ventilated room, and is suitable for use in an area requiring EPL Gc. Note: This permits equipment with a lower EPL to be installed within the artificially ventilated room except for ventilation safety devices (see 7.3.1). Rooms may be protected by either general or local artificial ventilation. General artificial ventilation applies to an entire room or significant portion of a room and local artificial ventilation applies to restricted regions, for example an extraction hood. 4.3 Construction The protected room shall, at a minimum, be designed to allow pressurization or artificial ventilation to be used in accordance with Clauses 6 or 7. Note: The pressurized room construction requirements could be affected by the location, occupancy requirements, and functionality. For pressurized rooms and rooms protected by artificial ventilation, provision shall be made to ensure adequate purging of dead air spaces created within the room, for example by avoiding suspended ceilings, trenches, or raised floors. Foreword III 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Requirements for rooms 4.1 General 4.2 Type and level of protection 4.3 Construction 4.4 Mechanical strength 4.5 Penetrations and seal 4.6 Personnel access doors 4.7 Inlets and outlets 4.8 Ducts 4.9 Purging and dust cleaning 4.10 Ignition prevention under system failure 5 Clean air supply 5.1 General 5.2 Source of clean air 5.3 Environmental and air temperature conditions 5.4 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning equipment 6 Requirements for pressurized rooms 6.1 General 6.2 Purging of rooms 6.3 Minimum safety provisions, safety devices and electrical disconnects 6.4 Test for pressurized rooms 7 Requirements for artificially ventilated rooms 7.1 General 7.2 Purging of artificially ventilated area 7.3 Minimum safety provisions, safety devices and electrical disconnects 7.4 Loss of artificial ventilation 7.5 Test for artificially ventilated rooms 8 Marking 8.1 General 8.2 Marking of pressurized rooms 8.3 Marking of artificially ventilated rooms 9 Instructions 9.1 General 9.2 Technical documentation for pressurized rooms 9.3 Technical documentation for artificially ventilated rooms 9.4 Technical documentation for rooms protected by pressurization and artificial ventilation combined 9.5 Modifications Annex A (Informative) Maintenance Annex B (Informative) Guidelines when pressurization or artificial ventilation is not immediately restored Annex C (Informative) Examples of applications and associated guidelines Bibliography 爆炸性环境 第17部分：由正压房间“p”和人工通风 房间“v”保护的设备 1 范围 《爆炸性环境》的本部分规定了下列场所用于保护内部设备的房间的设计、结构、评定、试验和标志的要求： ——位于1区或2区,或者21区或22区爆炸性环境(通常要求EPL、Gb、Gc、Db或Dc的区域)中，内部不含气体/蒸气释放源,由正压保护的房间； ——位于2区爆炸性环境(通常要求EPL Gc的区域)中,内部不含气体/蒸气释放源、由人工通风保护的房间； ——在非危险场所,内部含有气体/蒸气释放源、由人工通风保护的房间； ——位于1区或2区,或者21区或22区爆炸性环境(通常要求EPL Gb、Gc、Db或Dc的区域)中，内部含有气体/蒸气释放源、由正压和人工通风同时保护的房间。 本部分中房间包括独立房间、多个房间、一个完整的建筑或者建筑物内部的房间。房间设置有用于人员出入的通道,和气体进出的管道。设计允许人员进入的隔音罩和其他类似外壳也可认为是一个房间。本部分还规定了对确保实现和保持人工通风,换气和正压所必需的相关安全装置和控制的要求。 在现场组装或建造的房间,可以建在陆地或海上。这类房间主要由终端用户安装,但是可以在制造商工厂制造和评定,最终管道连接在现场完成。 房间可位于要求设备保护级别(EPL)为Gb或Gc的爆炸性气体环境中,或者位于要求设备保护级别(EPL)为Db、Dc的可燃性粉尘环境。 本部分没有规定确保房间内空气质量和温度适宜于人员工作可能需要的方法。 用惰性气体或可燃性气体保护的房间不属于本部分的范围。一般认为这种应用属于特殊情况，一部分可以考虑采用GB/T 3836.5的原理,但是整体上可能还需要符合其他更严格的工程标准、程序和实践要求。符合GB/T 3836.5的设备正压外壳不用于人员出入,不属于本部分的范围。 维护建议见附录A。 除了表1所述的不适用情况,本部分在GB 3836.1通用要求的基础上,有增加和补充。 表1 本部分与GB 3836.1的关系 GB 3836.1条款 GB 3836.1对本部分的适用性 GB 3836.1条款(2010版) (资料性) 标题 (规范性) 4 设备分类 适用 4.1 Ⅰ类 不适用 4.2 Ⅱ类 适用 4.3 Ⅲ类 适用 4.4 特定爆炸性环境用设备 适用 5.1 环境影响 适用 5.1.1 环境温度 适用 5.1.2 外部热源或冷源 适用 5.2 工作温度 适用 5.3.1 最高表面温度的测定 适用 5.3.2.1 Ⅰ类电气设备 适用 5.3.2.2 Ⅱ类电气设备 适用 5.3.2.3 Ⅲ类电气设备 适用 5.3.3 Ⅰ类或Ⅱ类电气设备的小元件温度 不适用 6.1 总则 适用 6.2 设备的机械强度 不适用 6.3 设备外壳打开时间 不适用 6.4 环流 不适用 6.5 衬垫保持 不适用 6.6 电磁能和超声波能辐射的设备 适用 7.1 总则 不适用 7.2 热稳定性 不适用 7.3 耐光性 修改 7.4 非金属材料外壳表面的静电电荷 修改 7.5 阻燃性 不适用 7.6 螺孔 适用 8 金属外壳和外壳的金属部件 不适用 9 紧固件 不适用 10 联锁装置 不适用 11 绝缘套管 不适用 12 粘接材料 不适用 13 Ex元件 不适用 14 接线件和接线空腔 不适用 15 接地导体或等电位导体连接件 不适用 16 外壳的引入装置 不适用 17 旋转电机的补充规定 不适用 18 开关的补充规定 不适用 19 熔断器的补充规定 不适用 20 插头、插座和连接器的补充规定 不适用 21 灯具的补充规定 不适用 22 帽灯和手提灯的补充规定 不适用 23 装有电池的设备 不适用 24 文件 适用 25 试样或样机与文件的一致性 适用 26 型式试验 不适用 26.1 概述 适用 26.2 试验配置 不适用 26.3 在爆炸性混合物中的试验 不适用 26.4 外壳试验 不适用 26.5 热试验 不适用 26.6 绝缘套管扭转试验 不适用 26.7 非金属外壳和外壳的非金属部件 不适用 26.8 耐热试验 不适用 26.9 耐寒试验 不适用 26.10 光老化试验 适用 26.11 Ⅰ类电气设备的耐化学试剂试验 不适用 26.12 接地连续性 不适用 26.13 非金属材料外壳部件的表面电阻测定 不适用 26.14 起电试验 适用 26.15 电容测量 不适用 27 例行试验 适用 28 制造商责任 适用 29.1 标志位置 修改 29.2 总则 修改 29.3 爆炸性气体环境防爆标志 修改 29.4 爆炸性粉尘环境防爆标志 适用 29.5 混(复)合型防爆型式 适用 29.6 多种防爆型式 不适用 29.7 使用两个独立Gb防爆型式的Ga等级设备 不适用 29.8 Ex元件 不适用 29.9 小型电气设备和Ex元件 不适用 29.10 超小型电气设备和Ex元件 修改 29.11 警告标志 适用 29.12 设备保护级别(EPL)的另一种标志 不适用 29.13 电池 适用 30 使用说明书 修改 附录A Ex电缆引入装置的附加要求 不适用 附录B 对Ex元件的要求 不适用 附录C Ⅰ类电气设备的特殊要求 不适用 附录D 取得防爆合格证的检验程序 适用 附录E 用“设备保护级别”的方法对防爆设备进行危险评定的介绍 适用 附录F 由变频器供电的电机 适用 附录G 冲击试验装置示例 不适用 适用：GB 3836.1的要求适用,无变化。 不适用：GB 3836.1的要求不适用。 修改：GB 3836.1的要求在本部分有修改。 注：GB 3836.1适用要求的条款标题是规范性内容。本表是按照GB 3836.1的具体要求编写的。 2 规范性引用文件 下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件,仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。 GB/T 2900.35 电工术语 爆炸性环境用设备(GB/T 2900.35—2008,IEC 60050-426：2008,IDT) GB 3836.1 爆炸性环境 第1部分：设备 通用要求(GB 3836.1—2010,IEC 60079-0：2007,MOD) GB 3836.14 爆炸性环境 第14部分：场所分类 爆炸气体环境(GB 3836.14—2014,IEC 60079-10-1：2008,IDT) GB/T 3836.16 爆炸性环境 第16部分：电气装置的检查与维护(GB/T 3836.16—2017,IEC 60079-17：2007,IDT) GB/T 20936(所有部分) 爆炸性环境用气体探测器[IEC 60079-29(所有部分)] 3 术语和定义 GB/T 2900.35和GB 3836.1界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 注：除非另有说明,否则“电压”和“电流”为交流、直流或混合电压、电流的均方根(RMS)值。 3.1 缓冲间 airlock 由两道相对独立的门构成以保持房间内部压力,阻止周围爆炸性气体进入的出口装置。3.2 报警器 alarm 产生可视或声音信号以引起注意的装置。 3.2 报警器 alarm 产生可视或声音信号以引起注意的装置。 3.3 洁净空气 clean air 基本不含可燃性粉尘、可燃性蒸气或气体的空气。 3.4 稀释 dilution 空气与可燃性气体或蒸气混合,将可燃性浓度降至安全水平的过程。 注：为了安全,如果潜在释放源同时具有毒性或窒息危险,可要求稀释到低于爆炸下限(LEL),具体指南见GB/T 29812。 3.5 内释放源 internal source of release 室内气体、蒸气﹑薄雾或液体可能释放﹑能形成爆炸性气体环境的点或位置。 3.6 极限值 limiting value 考虑房间内每种释放源可能形成的最不利浓度条件,涉及每种成分燃烧下限(LFL)的最低浓度值。 3.7 燃烧下限 lower flammable limit；LFL 空气中的可燃性气体或蒸气的燃烧浓度范围下限值,低于该浓度就不能形成爆炸性气体环境。 注：该术语也称为爆炸下限(LEL)。 3.8 开孔 opening 入口、出口、门或非气密固定的板。 3.9 正压型 pressurization 通过保持房间内洁净空气的压力高于外部环境的压力,防止外部环境进入房间的保护技术。 注：本部分的正压型适用于房间。 3.10 正压系统 pressurization system 用于增压、监测或控制房间正压的安全装置和其他元件的组合。 3.11 限制出入的门 restricted access door 位于2区危险场所，一天内打开不超过三次的门,每次打开时间不超过60 s,在打开时报警,或者没有完全闭合时可选择不超过90 s的时间延迟。 注：限制出入的门包括需要工作许可方可打开的门。 3.12 安全装置 safety device 实现或保持防爆性能完整性所采用的装置。 3.13 正压房间 pressurized room 由正压保护、并且有足够空间,允许人员进入工作或停留的房间。 3.14 人工通风房间 artificially ventilated room 由人工通风保护、并且有足够空间,允许人员进入工作或停留的房间。 3.15 换气 purging 通过向正压房间或人工通风房间及房间内的管道通入一定量的洁净空气,以使爆炸性气体混合物的浓度降至安全水平的过程。 3.16 房间容积 room volume (正压或人工通风)空房间包括内部没有设备的任何关联管道的体积。 3.17 正压pb pressurization pb 提供设备保护级别Gb或Db的正压房间。 3.18 正压pc pressurization pc 提供设备保护级别Gc或Dc的正压房间。 3.19 人工通风型vc artificial ventilation vc 有内部释放源或无内部释放源、提供设备保护级别Gc,仅适用于在2区场所使用的人工通风房间。 3.20 人工通风 artificial ventilation 采用机械方式促进空气流动,防止形成爆炸性环境的技术。 3.21 人工通风系统 ventilation system 进行人工通风所需要的全部装置。 4 对所有类型房间的要求 4.1 概述 正压保护技术和人工通风保护技术分开使用,但在需要时可以组合使用,防止产生危险。两种技术组合使用时,应同时满足两种技术的要求。第6章或第7章另有规定的除外,4.2～4.10同时适用于两种技术。 注：附录C给出了应用示例和相关指南。 4.2 防爆型式和保护级别 4.2.1 正压型“p” 正压房间“p”应为下列保护级别之一： a) 保护级别“pb”(EPL Gb或Db)。正压房间通过保持内部正压,防止爆炸性环境进入内部,适用于要求EPL Gb或Db的区域,允许无保护的设备安装在正压房间内,有特定正压安全装置的除外(见6.3.1)。 b) 保护级别“pc”(EPL Gc或Dc)。正压房间通过保持内部正压,防止爆炸性环境进入内部,适用于要求EPL Gc或Dc的区域,允许无保护的设备安装在正压房间内,有特定正压安全装置的除外(见6.3.1)。 4.2.2 人工通风型“v” 人工通风型房间通过保持人工通风用于稀释释放的可燃性物质,降低危险区域等级﹐从而使要求的设备EPL级别从Gb或Gc降低到非危险级别,或者把Gb降到Gc。 人工通风房间“v”应为下列保护级别： ——保护级别“vc”(EPL Gc)。人工通风房间通过保持人工通风稀释释放的可燃性物质,降低危险区域等级，从而使未受保护的设备可以安装在人工通风房间内,适用于要求EPL Gc的区域。 注：允许人工通风房间内安装较低EPL级别的设备,有特定通风安全装置的情况除外(见7.3.1)。 房间可由整体人工通风保护或局部人工通风保护。整体人工通风适用于整个房间或一个房间的重要部分。局部人工通风适用于受限区域,例如萃取罩内。 4.3 结构 房间设计至少应按照第6章或第7章的要求采用正压保护技术或人工通风保护技术。 注：正压房间的结构要求可能会受到位置、使用要求和功能的影响。 对于正压房间和人工通风保护房间,应采取措施,确保房间内空气不易流通的空间能充分换气,例如避免使用吊顶、地沟或活动地板。 4.4 机械强度 房间、管道及其连接部分的设计应能承受正压或通风系统的最大压力。应通过设计文件、或进行6.4.3的过压试验进行验证。同时应满足国家或地方建筑物规定。 不需要对整个房间进行机械强度试验,但是应对房间的所有部分进行试验,如非金属或非混凝土结构的窗、填料盖板、穿透、门、入口、出口,这些属于防爆型式的一部分,要求进行试验。对于这种情况,可在安装方式适用于试验的部件上进行。 4.5 穿透和密封 电缆、电气管道和其他穿透件进入房间时应进行密封,以保持必要的压力差或人工通风效果。 如果房间内部和外部产生气体交换(例如,通过底部排水设施排出蒸气)会导致其他危险，则应采取措施减少气体交换。 一些房间设计时可能需要考虑采取隔离措施,减少气体或蒸气进出。隔离措施可包括液体密封,如在排水管道中用S形弯管。 4.6 人员出入的门 如果人员出入的门需要防止可燃性气体进入,应设计为自动关闭、紧密闭合型,能自动闭锁,保持正常压差。限制出入的门不要求自动闭合。 4.7 入口和出口 对于正压和通用人工通风房间,空气入口和出口的设置,应确保洁净空气尽可能均匀分布,避免由于气体或蒸气密度不同导致在某些点可能聚集。应按照6.4.4或7.5.3进行试验验证。 如果不能避免气体或蒸气在某些点集聚,则应进行探测和监控。 4.8 管道 为了减少污染空气进入管道,防止系统性能受损,风机进排气管道应无泄漏,并且能够防止可预见的机械损伤。 注：正压系统或人工通风系统的管道可能需要符合相关的建筑防火标准要求。 4.9 换气和粉尘清洁 4.9.1 概述 应在正压房间或人工通风房间初始试运行时,以及没有正压或者没有气流时,对房间进行换气或清洁,清除可燃性气体或可燃性粉尘。 在无正压或者无人工通风时,采取的管理程序或其他控制措施应满足用户的要求。在某些条件下，例如在短时无正压或无人工通风时,以及没有出现其他异常状况时,能够确保环境无气体,但此时仍应提供换气措施。 4.9.2 换气 4.9.2.1 总则 不满足EPL要求的正压房间或人工通风房间,在电气设备通电之前,需要用洁净空气进行换气,确保可燃性气体的浓度不大于极限值的25%(见3.6)。 应通过下列方式之一对换气进行验证： a) 在专用排气口进行流量测量,探测流量低于系统规定的最小换气量； b) 探测高于最小换气量时房间的压力,同时： ——在专用排气口进行流量传感；或者 ——如果没有专用排气口,或者不能在排气口探测流量,则可用气体探测器确认换气有效,确认房间内可燃气体的浓度不大于极限值的25%。不能通过气体探测降低4.9.2.2规定的初始换气要求,但是适用时,可通过气体探测延长换气时间。 4.9.2.2 换气体积和换气率 正压和整体人工通风的换气体积至少应为房间容积的10倍。能够按照6.4.4或7.5.3，或者其他分析确定,可以验证换气体积能够减小的情况除外。 换气率至少应为每小时5次。 4.9.3 房间内的外壳 房间进行换气时,任何超过房间内部总容积5%的外壳,如果内部的电气设备不符合EPL要求，则应： a) 向外部通风(如果不是爆炸性环境),或向房间通风,以促进气流进出外壳；或者 b) 单独换气；或者 c) 为单独的正压外壳,满足规定的EPL要求。 对于通风外壳,顶部和底部的通风孔面积不小于1 cm2/1 000 cm3,通风孔最小直径为6.3 mm,通常认为可满足充分换气的需要。 4.10 系统失效时防止点燃 正压系统或人工通风系统失效时,应采取相应措施﹐防止电源切断后潜在点燃源成为有效点燃源,例如热表面温度高于点燃温度或带电的电路接线端子。 注：可通过房间或通风系统的设计和机构实现,例如,采用缓冲间,或者在可燃浓度达到LFL之前及早停机,使设备温度降低。也可以考虑其他措施,如在操作中加入辅助正压系统,或者其他方法。也见附录B。 5 洁净空气的供给 5.1 概述 除了第6章或第7章规定的情况,第5章的要求适用于两种保护技术(正压和人工通风)。 5.2 洁净空气源 洁净空气源取决于工序和物理布局特性,宜来源于非危险区。在6.1.2和7.1.2规定的条件下,洁净空气源可来源于2区。 当进风口位于2区时,除了正压或人工通风系统的要求,下列要求也适用： a) 进气口至少有一个带报警的可燃气体探测器； b) 房间内至少有一个带报警的可燃气体探测器； c) 在探测到可燃性气体达到极限值的25%时,进气口处的可燃气体探测器应切断含有可燃性蒸气或气体的空气； d) 探测器和其他用于报警、紧急动作/联锁的所有电气设备,风扇和电机的EPL级别应与场所相适应。 位于危险场所内的洁净空气管道，自始至终应在高于大气压力条件下供气,防止可燃或易燃物质进入管道内。或者,如果满足5.2的条件要求,可在房间入口安装风扇(使管道可在低于大气压力下供气)。 注：可通过管道在正压下供气,或者,管道在大气压力下供气,同时用气体探测器监测房间内的环境,合理地保证房间内部自始至终为洁净空气。 5.3 环境和空气温度条件 正压或人工通风系统设计确定的合适的环境和空气温度条件应予以记录。 5.4 加热、通风和空调设备 洁净空气供给系统可包括加热、通风和空调设备。加热、通风和空调设备使用的任何室外气体应为洁净空气。 6 正压房间的要求 6.1 概述 6.1.1 设计 房间应设计为符合“pb”或“pc”级别的正压房间，避免可燃性气体和蒸气以及可燃性粉尘进入房间。 6.1.2 洁净空气源 6.1.2.1 正压“pb” 对于正压“pb”，洁净空气应来源于非危险区。 6.1.2.2 正压“pc” 对于正压“pc”，进气口可以位于2区，利用在正常运行条件下基本无污染或异物，几乎不含微量可燃性气体或蒸气的空气。 6.1.3 流量 通过正压房间的洁净空气，连续流量只需足以补偿泄露﹑保持压差即可。应在风扇排风端探测空气流量，并应能触发报警。 6.1.4 正压系统 6.1.4.1 房间压差 考虑相邻空间，在所有出口(非门)的50％打开的情况下，正压系统应能够维持房间内至少25 Pa的压力。压差低于25 Pa应认为正压系统失效。 正压房间内应设置传感器，探测压差减小量，并应能触发报警。 如果由于开门造成压力降低，并且有充足的空气进入房间，可延迟触发报警﹐见6.1.7。为此可能需要安装门位置传感器以验证门打开并进行气流传感。 注：除非采用缓冲间，否则门打开时压差会减小，可能触发不必要的报警。 6.1.4.2 正压系统的电源 正压系统应采用与房间电源不同的独立电源。 6.1.5 阻止爆炸性环境进入打开的门内 应采取下列措施之一，防止爆炸性环境进入打开的门内，或者明显减少进入的量： ——安装符合6.1.6要求的缓冲间； ——符合6.1.7规定的通过打开的门的空气向外最小流速。 下列情况除外： ——标有“限制进入”的门； ——仅用于不常移动的设备或进行维护用的门，如果在管理控制条件下，这些门标志有限制使用，并且不用于出入，固定在关闭位置； ——仅用作紧急出口，且只能从里面打开的门。 6.1.6 缓冲间 应采取措施﹐确保缓冲间每小时通过至少等效于缓冲间容积5倍的连续洁净空气流，或者缓冲间内安装气体探测器﹐设置在25％极限值时报警。见6.3.3。 注：如果缓冲间内的气体探测器显示一段时间内气体超过25％极限值，通常用户负责提供即时恢复措施。 缓冲间的每个门宜安装显示装置，在两个门都没有关闭时在房间内显著位置发出显示信号。 缓冲间内的任何电气设备应符合房间外部EPL的要求。 入口或出口可见的警告标示应显示，一个门打开之前，需先关闭另一个门。见8.2。 6.1.7 通过门向外部流动的气体速度 如果没有设置缓冲间，通过打开的门的最小流速应为0.3 m/s。应在所有其他类型的门有效区域50％能够同时打开时，测量向外的流速。这些门在打开过程中，在保持规定的向外空气流速条件下﹐允许压力下降25 Pa(见 6.1.4.1和6.1.5)。 不需要考虑是否能够打开的开口有： ——6.1.5例外中规定的门； ——不使用钥匙或工具不能够拆卸的压盖、挡风板或其他类似盖子。 6.1.5规定的最小气体向外流速基于低风速条件，对于实际局部条件可能需要增大。 6.1.8 空气消耗装置 如果房间内有空气消耗装置(例如压缩机或实验室通风柜)，应提供足够的空气以满足正压系统的需要。或者，空气消耗装置应另外配置独立的洁净空气源补充空气。 6.1.9 正压系统故障时动作 6.1.9.1 正压“pb” 对于正压“pb”，一旦正压系统出现故障，应有切断开关自动切断房间内所有EPL不匹配的设备电源，或者在管理员控制下继续运行。适用的设备保护级别(EPL)如下： ——爆炸性气体环境中正压“pb”为Ga或Gb级；或者 ——可燃性粉尘环境中正压“pb”为Da或Db级。 注：管理员控制示例如下： ——如果门打开导致压差损失，并且正压房间内安装的气体探测器确定房间气体未超过极限值的25％，设备电源持续短暂时间(见6.3.3)； ——如果突然切断电源会导致更危险的情况，并且房间内有气体探测器确定气体不超过极限值的25％，则设备电源持续短暂时间(见6.3.3)； ——在工作许可条件下运行。 6.1.9.2 正压“pc” 对于正压“pc”，如果正压系统出现故障，房间供电电源可以保持一有限时间段。在有限时间段之后，如果正压系统不能恢复，房间内所有EPL不适用的设备电源都应切断，或者在管理员控制下继续运行。适用的设备保护级别(EPL)如下： ——爆炸性气体环境中正压“pc”为Ga，Gb或Gc级；或者 ——可燃性粉尘环境中正压“pc”为 Da、Db或Dc级。 注：管理员控制示例入下： ——如果已知房间外部区域气体未超过极限制的40％﹐正压系统出现故障时，可以保持通电。利用气体探测器是验证这种条件的一种方式(见6.3.3)。 ——在工作许可条件下运行。 6.1.10 房间恢复通电 正压系统出现故障之后，应采取措施使房间安全通电。这些措施包括根据6.2.2进行气体换气或按照6.2.3进行可燃性粉尘除尘。
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| GB/T 3836.17-2019, GB 3836.17-2019, GBT 3836.17-2019, GB/T3836.17-2019, GB/T 3836.17, GB/T3836.17, GB3836.17-2019, GB 3836.17, GB3836.17, GBT3836.17-2019, GBT 3836.17, GBT3836.17 |