1 Scope
This document provides guidelines for the investigation of the current status of water system integration and optimisation in industrial enterprises, as well as for the evaluation of the effects.
This document applies to iron and steel, petroleum refining, paper, alcohol, viscose fiber and chemical fiber filament weaving and other enterprises of water system integration optimization, other industries of water system integration optimization can refer to the implementation.
2 normative reference documents
The content of the following documents through the normative references in the text and constitute the essential provisions of this document. Among them, note the date of the reference document, only the date of the corresponding version applies to this document; do not note the date of the reference document, its latest version (including all the revision of the list) applies to this document.
GB/T 7119 Guidelines for the evaluation of water-saving enterprises
GB/T 12452 General rules for water balance testing in enterprises
GB/T 21534 Terminology for water conservation
GB/T 24044 Requirements and guidelines for life cycle assessment of environmental management
GB/T 24051 General framework for costing material flows for environmental management
GB/T 26924 Water-saving enterprises in the steel industry
GB/T 26926 Water-saving enterprise petroleum refining industry
GB/T 26927 Water-saving enterprise paper industry - fall
GB/T 29749 Guidelines for water system integration and optimization in industrial enterprises
GB/T 33859 Environmental management water footprint principles, requirements and guidelines pollution
3 Terms and definitions
GB/T 21534 and GB/T 29749 defined as well as the following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1
Water sourcewater source
The water available for use in a water-using unit.
Note: This includes primary water sources (new water) and secondary water sources (reclaimed water and drainage from water-using units).
3.2
water sink
A water unit that requires water with an inlet that has a certain flow rate and a maximum concentration of impurities.
3.3
Limiting inlet concentration The maximum concentration of impurities allowed in the inlet of a water unit.
4 Water system status survey
4.1 General provisions
The scope of the current situation of the water system survey should cover all the water system of the enterprise, the content of the survey includes the water quality of each water unit inlet and outlet, water quantity and flow direction and other relevant parameters, and reference to the previous water balance test results.
4.2 Scope of the survey
4.2.1 The scope of the survey for steel enterprises was as follows:
a) Main production water; raw material yard, sintering, pellet, coking, iron making, steel making, steel rolling, etc;
b) Auxiliary production water: oxygen stations, waste heat power stations, gas booster stations, mechanics, sewage treatment plants, etc;
(c) Auxiliary production water: greening within the plant, bathrooms, canteens, office buildings, etc.
4.2.2 The scope of investigation for petroleum refining enterprises is as follows:
a) Main production water: normal pressure reduction, catalytic cracking, gas fractionation, coking, hydrocracking, hydrorefining, catalytic reforming, sulphur recovery, hydrogen production, alkylation, isomerisation, etc;
b) Auxiliary production water: fresh water station, water production plant, circulating water field, power station, storage and transportation facilities, sewage treatment field, etc;
c) Auxiliary production water: greenery, bathrooms, canteens, office buildings, etc. within the plant.
4.2.3 The scope of the survey for paper manufacturing enterprises is as follows:
a) Main production water: material preparation, pulp making, paper making, etc;
b) Auxiliary production water: oxygen station, waste heat power station, water production plant, air conditioning system, chemical preparation, alkali recovery, machine repair, sewage treatment plant, etc;
(c) Auxiliary production water: greenery, bathrooms, canteens, office buildings, etc. within the plant.
4.2.4 The scope of investigation for alcohol enterprises is as follows:
a) Main production water: raw material crushing, cooking and saccharification, fermentation and distillation, etc;
b) Auxiliary production water: oxygen station, water production workshop, machine repair, inspection room, sewage treatment plant, etc;
c) Auxiliary production water: greenery, bathrooms, canteen, office buildings, etc. within the plant.
4.2.5 The scope of investigation for viscose fibre enterprises is as follows:
a) Main production water: raw liquor, glue making, spinning and training, alkali washing, etc;
b) Auxiliary production water: oxygen station, water workshop, air-conditioning system, acid station, machine repair, sewage treatment plant, etc;
c) Auxiliary production water: plant greening, bathrooms, canteen, office buildings, etc.
4.2.6 The scope of investigation for chemical filament weaving enterprises is as follows:
a) Main production water; sizing, weaving, sizing, etc;
b) Auxiliary production water: water workshops, air conditioning systems, cleaning of equipment and accessories, sewage treatment plants, etc;
c) Auxiliary production water: greenery in the factory, bathrooms, canteens, office buildings, etc.
4.3 Survey content
The content of the survey includes at least:
a) investigation of the sources of water used by the enterprise: surface water, groundwater, seawater, brackish water, mine water, recycled water, etc.
b) The production capacity of the enterprise, its production structure, the production and use of water in its workshops or installations;
c) water supply, water treatment, water recycling. c) water supply, water treatment, water recycling, cascade use and water reuse;
4.4 Water system tests
4.4.1 Water volume tests are carried out in accordance with GB/T 12452.
4.4.2 Water temperature parameters test includes but is not limited to the following: new water, circulating cooling water supply temperature, circulating cooling water return temperature, circulating water cooler both sides of the inlet and outlet water temperature, demineralized water v steam condensate and other water temperature data.
4.4.3 Water quality testing includes but is not limited to the following: new water quality, circulating cooling water quality, desalinated water quality, deoxygenated water quality, steam condensate water quality, sulphur-containing sewage vapour extraction and purification water quality, reuse water quality and in each workshop discharge or after the use of circulating cooling water, condensate, all kinds of sewage (such as oily sewage, saline sewage, sulphur-containing sewage) and other water quality.
4.5 Mapping of the current water network
4.5.1 According to the findings of 4.3, water balance diagrams are drawn according to GB/T 12452.
4.5.2 Water quality tests should at least clarify the key water quality at the import and export of the main water use units, for specific cases refer to Appendix A.
5 Water system integration and optimisation
5.1 Determine the object of optimisation
5.1.1 It is appropriate to optimize the object according to the enterprise process, the type and concentration of water impurities, geographical layout and other factors to be divided into a number of sub-systems.
Note: The sub-system can be a water unit or multiple water units,
5.1.2 In each sub-system to determine the water source, water trap optimization object, the specific method is as follows:
a) The water quality requirements are lower than other water quality units, should be used as water trap optimization objects, special process water should be special treatment;
b) water quality can reach other water quality requirements of the water unit, should be used as a water source optimization object.
5.2 Determining water quality constraints
5.2.1 The main water quality indicators for softened water; pH, total hardness, turbidity, iron content, total alkalinity.
5.2.2 Desalination water quality indicators: pH, turbidity, silica, conductivity.
5.2.3 Main water quality indicators for cooling water: pH, total hardness, chloride ions, petroleum, chemical oxygen demand, suspended matter.
5.2.4 Process water quality indicators depend on the site process requirements, can include but not limited to:
(a) steel enterprises: suspended solids, petroleum, total hardness;
5.3 Key impurities and limit data
5.3.1 It is advisable to determine the key impurities, non-key impurities, limit inlet concentration, limit outlet concentration and limit water flow and other data according to the design parameters of the water unit, process conditions, material properties, equipment type and material, and operational requirements, combined with the water treatment technology used by the enterprise and expert experience assessment.
5.4 Integrated optimisation
5.4.1 Optimisation steps
Water system integration optimization steps are as follows:
a) Optimisation of different sub-systems
b) On the basis of the optimisation of each water subsystem, a number of closely related subsystems will be integrated and optimised;
5.4.2 Optimisation methods
5.4.2.1 See Table 1 for specific optimisation methods for different subsystems in each industry.
6 water system integration worrying effect assessment
6.1 You are based on GB/T 7119, GB/T 26924, GB/T 26926, GB/T 26927 and other standard requirements, select and calculate the enterprise's water saving evaluation indicators.
6.2 Determine the feasibility and target of optimization according to the enterprise's own technical and economic conditions.
6.3 Compare and analyse the water saving evaluation indicators before and after optimisation, and evaluate the effect of integrated optimisation according to GB/T7119 and other standards. 6.4 Evaluate the environmental benefits before and after optimisation according to GB/T 24044 or GB/T 33859.
6.5 Evaluate the economic benefits before and after optimisation according to GB/T 24051.
6.6 According to the water system integration and optimization results, sum up the experience, improve the relevant management system, strengthen management, and the level of similar enterprises to compare or benchmark self-examination, and continue to explore the potential of water savings within the enterprise.
Appendix A (informative) Examples of current water network diagrams
Appendix B (Informative) Reference values for water quality limits for incoming and outgoing water from each water use unit
Appendix c (informative) Example of integrated water system optimisation (petroleum refinery enterprise as an example)
1 Scope
2 normative reference documents
3 Terms and definitions
4 Water system status survey
5 Water system integration and optimisation
6 water system integration worrying effect assessment
Appendix A (informative) Examples of current water network diagrams
Appendix B (Informative) Reference values for water quality limits for incoming and outgoing water from each water use unit
Appendix c (informative) Example of integrated water system optimisation (petroleum refinery enterprise as an example)
