Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven alternating current generating sets - Part 11: Rotary uninterruptible power systems - Performance requirements and test methods
1 Scope
This standard, which forms part of the GB/T 2820 series, specifies the performance and test methods, for rotary uninterruptible power systems (UPS) arising out of a combination of mechanical and electrical rotating machines. This standard applies to power supplies primarily designed for supplying uninterrupted a.c. power to the consumer. When operated without input mains power, the power is provided by stored energy and/or reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engine and the output power is provided by one or more rotating electrical machines.
This part applies to a.c. power supplies primarily designed for supplying uninterruptible electrical power for stationary land and marine use, excluding supplies for aircraft, land vehicles or locomotives. It also excludes power supplies where the output power is generated by static converters.
The use of a rotary UPS equipment to improve the quality of a.c. power supply, to provide voltage and/or frequency conversion, and to provide peak shaving is also described.
For some specific applications (for example, essential hospital supplies, offshore, non-stationary applications, high rise buildings, nuclear, etc.) supplementary requirements may be necessary.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced documents (including any amendments) applies.
GB 755-2008 Rotating electrical machines—Rating and performance (IEC 60034-1: 2004, IDT)
GB/T 2820.1-2009 Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven alternating current generating sets—Part 1: Application ratings and performance (ISO 8528-1: 2005, IDT)
GB/T 2820.6-2006 Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven alternating current generating sets—Part 6: Test methods (ISO 8528-6: 2005, IDT)
GB 4208-2008 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code) (IEC 60529: 2001, IDT)
GB/T 5465.2-2008 Graphical symbols for use on electrical equipment—Part 2: Graphical symbols (IEC 60417 DB: 2007, IDT)
GB/T 6072.1-2008 Reciprocating internal combustion engines—Performance—Part 1: Declarations of power fuel and lubricating oil consumptions and test methods—Additional requirements for engines for general use (ISO 3046-1: 2002, IDT)
GB/T 8190.1-1999 Reciprocating internal combustion engines—Exhaust emission measurement—Part 1: Test-bed measurement of gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions (ISO 8178-1: 1996, IDT)
GB 23640-2009 AC generators for reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engine driven generating sets (IEC 60034-22: 1996, IDT)
IEC 61000 Electromagnetic compatibility
ISO 8528-9: 1995 Reciprocating internal combustion engines driven alternating current generating sets—Part 9: Measurement and evaluation of mechanical vibrations
ISO 8528-10: 1998 Reciprocating internal combustion engines driven alternating current generating sets—Part 10: Measurement of airborne noise by the enveloping surface method
IEC 62040-3: 1999 Uninterruptihle power systems (UPS)—Part 3: Method of specifying the performance and test requirements
ISO 700: 2004 Graphical symbols for use on equipment—Index and synopsis
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following term and definition apply.
3.1 General terms
3.1.1
generating set
one or more RIC engines to produce mechanical energy and one or more generators to convert the mechanical energy into electrical energy together with components for transmitting the mechanical energy (for example, couplings and gearbox) and where applicable bearing and mounting components
3.1.2
uninterruptible power system
power system for maintaining continuity of load power in the event of failure of the mains power
3.1.3
rotary UPS
UPS where one or more electrical rotating machines provide the output voltage
3.1.4
converter
set of equipment, static or rotating, to convert one type of electric current to another type, different in nature, voltage and/or frequency
3.1.5
power system reactor
regulated or non-regulated inductance in series with the input of some types of UPS
3.1.6
machine set
any combination of one or more electrical rotating machines
3.1.7
energy storage device
device to provide stored energy in case of the failure of the normal power supply system. This energy shall be available either during the total failure time or until the taking over of a power supply by the RIC engine
3.1.8
continuity of load power
availability of the power supplied to the load with voltage and frequency within steady-state and transient tolerance bands and with distortion and power interruptions within the limits specified for the load
3.2 Performance of systems and components
3.2.1
mains power
power normally continuously available which is supplied from the electrical power system or by independent electrical power generation
3.2.2
back feed
condition where a portion of the voltage or energy available within the UPS is fed back to any of the input terminals, either directly or by a leakage path
3.2.3
linear load
load where the parameter Z (load impedance) is a constant when a variable sinusoidal voltage is applied to it and that a sinusoidal voltage causes a sinusoidal current
3.2.4
non-linear load
load where the parameter Z (load impedance) is no longer a constant but is a variable dependent on other parameters, such as voltage or time
3.2.5
power failure
any variation in the input voltage or frequency of the mains power not within acceptable limits
3.2.6
redundant operation
any operation with the addition of parallel functional units or groups of functional units in a system to enhance the availability of load power
3.2.7
power conditioning mode
stable mode of operation that the UPS finally attains when operating under the following conditions:
——Normal power is present and within its given tolerance;
——Full (100%) stored energy available within its given restored energy time;
——The operation is or may be continuous;
——The load is within its given range;
——The output voltage is within its given tolerance.
Where a bypass is used:
——The input voltage is available and within specified tolerances;
——The phase lock is active, if present.
3.2.8
independent mode
operation of the UPS when operating under the following conditions:
——Normal power is disconnected or is out of given tolerance;
——Energy is from storage device or RIC engine;
——Load is within the given range;
——Output voltage and frequency are within given tolerances.
3.2.9
bypass mode
state the UPS attains when operating and the load is supplied via the bypass
3.2.10
off mode
state that the rotary UPS attains when de-energized and at rest
3.2.11
synchronous
adjustment of an a.c. power source to match another a.c. source in frequency and phase angle
3.2.12
load power
power which is supplied to the load from the UPS
3.2.13
asynchronous transfer
switching of load power between two sources that are not synchronized. This transfer must happen with an interruption
3.3 Specified values
3.3.1
rated value
value of a quantity used for specification purposes, established for a specified set of operating conditions of a component, device, equipment, or system
3.3.2
tolerance band
range of values of a quantity within specified limits
3.3.3
deviation
difference between the desired value and the actual value of a variable at a given instant
Note: This definition applies whether the desired value is constant or varies in time.
3.3.4
rated voltage
input or output supply voltage for which equipment is designed or specified
3.3.5
rated frequency
input or output frequency as declared by the manufacturer
3.3.6
phase angle
angle (usually expressed in electrical degrees) between reference points on one or more a.c. waveforms
3.3.7
crest factor
ratio of the peak value of a periodic waveform to its r.m.s. value
3.3.8
power
time rate of transferring or transforming energy or of doing work (also called active power)
3.3.9
apparent power
product of the r.m.s. voltage U between the terminals of a two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the r.m.s. electric current I in the element or circuit:
S=UI
3.3.10
ambient temperature
temperature of the air or other medium where the equipment is to be used
3.3.11
total harmonic distortion
ratio of the r.m.s. value of the harmonic content as a percentage of the r.m.s. value of the fundamental component of the periodic function
3.3.12
recovery time
time interval between the moment a stabilized voltage or frequency leaves the steady-state tolerance band until the instant when this quantity returns to and stays within the steady-state tolerance band
3.3.13
stored energy time
minimum time during which the UPS will ensure conditions when the normal power fails starting with the energy storage devices being charged
3.4 Input values
Note: These definitions are only valid in the power conditioning mode (normal mode).
3.4.1
input voltage tolerance
maximum continuous input voltage variation in normal operation
3.4.2
input power factor
ratio of the input active power to the input apparent power with the UPS operating at rated input voltages at rated output power, and fully charged storage
3.4.3
high impedance mains failure
mains power failure where the mains impedance as presented to the UPS input terminals is infinite
3.4.4
low impedance fault failure
mains power failure where the mains impedance as presented to the UPS input terminals is negligible
3.5 output values
3.5.1
output voltage
r.m.s. value (unless otherwise specified for a particular load) of the voltage between the output terminals
3.5.2
output current
r.m.s. value of the current (unless otherwise specified for a particular load) from the output terminals
3.5.3
rated load
load for which the system is defined
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
3.1 General terms
3.2 Performance of systems and components
3.3 Specified values
3.4 Input values
3.5 output values
4 Symbols and abbreviations
5 Selection criteria
6 General description
6.1 Rotary UPS
6.2 Types of rotary UPS
6.3 Parallel operation of a rotary UPS equipment
6.4 Power system changeover with rotary UPS (bypass)
6.5 Enclosure protection
7 Modes of operation
7.1 Power conditioning mode
7.2 Independent mode
7.3 Bypass mode
7.4 Off mode
7.5 Transitions
8 Service conditions
8.1 Normal service conditions
8.2 Operation at extended ambient
8.3 Engines
8.4 Rotating electrical machines
8.5 Control logic
9 Electrical service conditions and performance
9.1 General – all rotary UPS
9.2 Performance
10 Manufacturer technical declarations
10.1 General
10.2 Purchaser specification guidelines
11 Testing
11.1 Static output voltage and frequency deviations
11.2 Dynamic output voltage and frequency deviations
11.3 Input current characteristics
11.4 Measurement of filter properties
11.5 System performance
11.6 Black start test
11.7 Environment tests
11.8 Audible noise
11.9 Testing
12 Maintenance and product marking
12.1 Nameplate markings
12.2 Label requirements
12.3 Name plate marker
12.4 Decals – labelling
12.5 Maintenance
Annex A (Informative) Typical energy storage devices
Annex B (Normative) Reference non-linear load - Single-phase
Annex C (Normative) Reference non-linear load - Three-phase
Annex D (normative) Input mains failure - Test method
Annex E (informative) Types of uninterruptible power systems (UPS) configurations
Figure 1 Types of UPS
Figure 2 Typical example series connected rotary UPS
Figure 3 Typical example of a line interactive rotary UPS
Figure 4 Parallel operation of a rotary UPS
Figure 5 Bypass operation
Figure 6 Illustration of rotary UPS operation
Figure 7 Operating modes
Figure 8 Surge test
Figure 9 Warning Label
Figure A.1 Dual conversion - direct-coupled flywheel
Figure A.2 Line interactive - direct-coupled flywheel
Figure A.3 Dual conversion - indirect coupled flywheel
Figure A.4 Line interactive - indirect coupled flywheel
Figure A.5 Double fed a.c. machine
Figure A.6 Dual conversion with battery
Figure A.7 Line interactive with battery
Figure B.1 Single-phase non-linear load
Figure C.1 Three-phase non-linear load
Figure D.1 Input mains failure test method
Figure E.1 Series connected type 1
Figure E.2 Series connected type 2
Figure E.3 Line interactive
Figure E.4 Typical UPS
Figure E.5 Typical switchless dual feed UPS
Table 1 Compatibility levels for individual harmonic voltages in mains power
Table 2 Operating steady-state limit values for performance classes
Table 3 Operating dynamic limit values for performance classes (Note 1)
Table 4 Technical data sheet – Manufacturer’s declaration
Table 5 Test methods for rotary UPS performance characteristics
