Earth-moving and building construction machinery—Electromagnetic compatibility（EMC）of machines with internal electrical power supply— Part 2: Additional EMC requirements for functional safety
1 Scope
This document specifies test methods and acceptance guidelines for assessing the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of earth-moving machinery as defined in GB/T 8498-2017 and the following building construction machinery as defined in ISO/TR 12603; 2010:
Drilling and foundation construction equipment;
Concrete and mortar preparation, conveying and compaction equipment and reinforcing steel processing equipment.
Road construction and maintenance machinery and equipment.
This document covers the EMC requirements related to the functional safety of mechanical, electrical/electronic devices (ESA) and ESA components separated from machinery.
This document applies only to safety-related components of control systems (SRP/CS) as defined in GB/T 16855.1-2018, where the electrical/electronic devices used meet the design requirements for a safety performance level PL of b greater than or equal to that specified in GB/T 16855.1-2018. It also covers electrical/electronic devices (ESA) and individual ESA components that meet the requirements of PL class b and are intended to be installed on machinery.
The following electromagnetic disturbance phenomena are assessed:
Electromagnetic fields radiated from non-airborne sources with different field strengths and frequencies
EMFs emitted from on-board sources (internal and external to the antenna) with different field strengths and frequencies;
Electrostatic discharges;
Conducted and coupled electrical transients.
Machinery may be powered by DC, AC or a combination of both as an internal power system.
This document does not apply to machinery powered by an external grid or to equipment used as a military application. Note:IEC 61000 covers machines powered by grid-connected electricity.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute essential provisions of this document by means of normative references in the text. Where a reference is dated, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; where a reference is not dated, the latest version (including all amendment sheets) applies to this document.
GB/T 8498-2017 Earthmoving machinery - Basic type identification terms and definitions (ISO 6165: 2012, IDT)
GB/T 15706-2012 General Principles for Safety Design of Machinery - Risk Assessment and Risk Reduction (ISO 12100:2010, IDT)
GB/T 16855.1-2018 Safety Related Components of Machine Safety Control Systems Part 1: General Principles for Design (ISO 13849-1:2015, IDT)
GB/T 22359.1-2022 Earth moving machinery and construction machinery - Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of built-in power supply machines - Part 1 Sub: General EMC requirements under typical electromagnetic environment conditions (ISO13766-1:2018. IDT)
GB/T34353-2017 Performance Criteria and Tests for Functional Safety of Machine Control Systems (MCS) with Electronic Components for Earth moving Machinery (ISO 15998: 2008, IDT)
ISO 7637-1:2015 Road vehicles - Electrical disturbances from conduction and coupling - Part 1: Definitions and general considerations
Note: GB/T 21437.1-2021 Road Vehicles - Electrical/Electronic Components - Test Methods for Electrical Disturbance Induced by Conduction and Coupling - Part 1: Definitions and General Provisions (ISO 7637-1: 2015, MOD)
ISO7637-3:2016 Road vehicles - Electrical dist urbances from conduction and coupling - Part 3: Electrical transient transmission by capacitive and inductive coupling via lines other than supply lines
Note: GB/T 21437.3-2021 Road Vehicles - Electrical/Electronic Components - Test Methods for Electrical Disturbance Caused by Conduction and Coupling - Part 3: Immunity to Electrical Properties Coupled to Non power Lines (Iso 7637-3: 2016. MOD)
ISO 10605:2008 Road vehicles - Test methods for eletrical disturbances from electrostatic discharge)
Note: GB/T19951-2019 Test Method for Immunity of Electrical/Electronic Components of Road Vehicles to Electrostatic Discharge (ISO10605:2008, MOD)
ISO11451-2:2015 Road vehicles -- Vehicle test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy -- Part 2; off vehicle radiation sources
3 Terms and definitions
GB/T 8498-2017, ISO/TR 12603;2010, GB/T 22359.1-2022 and GB/T 16855.1-2018 and the following terms and definitions apply to this document.
and the following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1
The sum of the common mode currents in a high current bulk current harness.
3.2
PMpulse modulation pulse modulation.
3.3
AMamplitude modulation amplitude modulation.
3.4
Fail safe; FS
A machine or control system using electrical/electronic devices whose associated "safe behaviour enters a safe state as defined in GB/T 16855.1-2018.
4 General rules
The functional safety of machinery and systems is adequately specified in other relevant standards. However, these standards do not consider the following two common issues:
The specific effects of electromagnetic fields on earth-moving and building construction machinery;
The impact of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) phenomena on the functional safety of control devices using electrical/electronic devices that are relevant to machine safety.
The impact of EMC phenomena on the functional safety of control devices using electrical/electronic devices and related to machine safety.
The electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) phenomena referred to in this document need to be assessed in terms of their impact on the functional safety of machine controls. The assessment is based on all similar phenomena that have occurred and are known to be technically significant.
The performance parameters associated with such phenomena are therefore equivalent to the performance indicators (orders of magnitude) of existing non-military technologies.
In order to verify that the machine is capable of maintaining the manufacturer's intended function or converting to the safe state conditions specified in GB/T 16855.1-2018, for safety performance level PL. requirements are greater than or equal to level b as specified in GB/T 16855.1-2018 and all functional tests should be carried out in accordance with the levels specified in chapter 5.
For ESA testing, it is necessary to determine the performance of the device under test against interference failures at the level of the whole machine, for example, where an erroneous signal from the controller could lead to a loss of braking or steering.
5 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) phenomena
5.1 General
The electrical and high frequency disturbances described in this document refer to electromagnetic effects due to technical applications (human effects). These electromagnetic effects can usually be considered as single and additional and are restricted to narrow areas.
5.1.1 Whole machine performance criteria
If the safety-related functions of the machine operate as intended, or are converted to the specified safety state, in accordance with the test requirements of 5.2, the performance requirements are judged to be met.
5.1.2 Safety-related ESA performance criteria
If the safety-related functions of the ESA or separate ESA components are tested in accordance with the requirements of 5.3, the performance requirements are judged to be met if the safety-related functions of the ESA or separate ESA components operate as intended or are converted to the specified safety state for application on machinery.
5.2 Mechanical immunity
5.2.1 Mechanical immunity to electromagnetic fields from non-airborne radiation sources
The mechanical immunity of machinery exposed to electromagnetic fields from non-airborne sources is shown in Table 1 and shall be tested in accordance with all frequency ranges given in Table 1. If BCI tests are performed on machinery, they shall be carried out in the frequency range 20 MHz to 1 000 MHz in accordance with Table 1 and in accordance with the requirements of ISO 11451-4;2013. For the frequency range above 1 GHz, the immunity test method for electromagnetic radiation shall be used.
If the immunity test method for electromagnetic radiation is chosen, horizontal and vertical polarisation shall be used.
The test levels given in Table 1 apply to single sample tests; they can be reduced by 20% if multiple sample tests (number of samples ≥ 2) are carried out.
5.2.2 Immunity of machinery to electromagnetic fields from on-board radiation sources
If there is a clear indication that machinery is fitted with an airborne radiation source, it is appropriate to assess it at maximum output power. Note: For airborne transmitters, refer to ISO 11451-3:2015 for further guidance.
5.2.3 Electrical transient immunity on power cables and other harnesses of machinery
The known effects of mechanical electrical transient immunity on power cables and other harnesses are only at the ESA level and only apply to the tests specified in 5.3.3.
5.2.4 Mechanical Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Immunity
The immunity of machinery exposed to electrostatic discharge (ESD) phenomena is shown in Table 2. The acceptance standard for all ESD tests is "A" or "FS".
5.3 ESA immunity
5.3.1 ESA immunity to electromagnetic fields from non-airborne radiation sources
The immunity of ESAs exposed to radiated electromagnetic fields from non-airborne sources is shown in Table 3 and should be tested for all frequency ranges given in Table 3. In order to cover the entire frequency range it is necessary to apply a combination of at least two test methods, but it is not necessary to apply all the test methods listed.
The test levels given in Table 3 apply to single sample tests; they may be reduced by 20% if multiple sample tests (sample size ≥ 2) are performed.
5.3.2 ESA immunity to electromagnetic fields from airborne radiation sources
If there is a clear indication that tests of airborne radiation sources must be carried out, it is advisable that transmitters mounted to machinery are installed as close as possible to the ESA and are evaluated at maximum output power.
Note: For airborne transmitters, refer to ISO 11452-9:2012 for further guidance.
5.3.3 ESA immunity to electrical transients on the harness
Electrical transients caused by switching of capacitive or inductive loads coupled directly to the power supply circuit, as per 4.9.4 of GB/T 22359.1-2022.
The immunity test for wire harnesses other than power harnesses shall be in accordance with the requirements of ISO 7637-1:2015 and ISO 7637-3;2016.
5.3.4 ESA electrostatic discharge (ESD) immunity
The immunity of mechanical ESAs exposed to electrostatic discharge (ESD) phenomena is shown in Table 4. The acceptance criterion for all ESD tests is "A" or "FS" (functional class A or defined safe state).
6 Test report
Chapter 6 of GB/T 22359.1-2022 applies.
The test report shall include the relevant requirements of this document and may be combined with the test report of GB/T 22359.1-2022.
Deviations from undisturbed functions (including all modes of operation of safety-related functions), as well as any transition to the specified safety state, shall be recorded in the test report.
Appendix A (informative) Installation and maintenance aspects
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 General rules
5 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) phenomena
6 Test report
Appendix A (informative) Installation and maintenance aspects
1范围
本文件规定了评估GB/T8498-2017定义的土方机械和ISO/TR 12603;2010定义的下列建筑施工机械的电磁兼容性(EMC)的试验方法和验收准则:
钻探及基础施工设备;
混凝土和灰浆的制备﹑输送﹑捣实设备及钢筋加工设备﹔
道路施工与养护机械设备。
本文件涉及与机械、电气/电子器件(ESA)和与机械分离的ESA部件功能安全相关的电磁兼容性(EMC)要求。
本文件仅适用于GB/T 16855.1-2018定义的控制系统安全相关部件(SRP/CS),其使用的电气/电子器件满足大于或等于GB/T 16855.1-2018规定的安全性能等级PL为b的设计要求。它还涉及符合PL为b等级要求且拟安装在机械上的电气/电子器件(ESA)和单独的ESA部件。
评估下列电磁骚扰现象:
不同场强和频率的非机载源辐射电磁场
不同场强和频率的机载源(天线内部外部)辐射电磁场;
静电放电;
传导和耦合电瞬态。
机械可能由DC、AC或者两者组合作为内部电源系统。
本文件不适用于由外部电网供电的机械或作为军事应用的设备。注:IEC 61000涵盖并网发电的机器。
2规范性引用文件
下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中,注日期的引用文件,仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件;不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。
GB/T 8498-2017 土方机械基本类型识别术语和定义(ISO 6165 :2012,IDT)
GB/T 15706-2012 机械安全设计通则风险评估与风险减小(ISO 12100:2010,IDT)
GB/T 16855.1-2018机械安全控制系统安全相关部件第1部分:设计通则(ISO 13849-1:2015,IDT)
GB/T 22359.1-2022土方机械与建筑施工机械内置电源机器的电磁兼容性(EMC)第1部
分:典型电磁环境条件下的EMC一般要求(ISO13766-1:2018.IDT)
GB/T34353-2017土方机械应用电子器件的机器控制系统(MCS)功能性安全的性能准则和试验(ISO 15998 :2008 ,IDT)
ISO 7637-1:2015道路车辆由传导和耦合引起的电骚扰第1部分:定义和一般描述( Road vehicles - Elctrical disturbances from conduction and coupling - Part 1: Definitions and general considerations)
注: GB/T 21437.1-2021道路车辆电 气/电子部件对传导和耦合引|起的电骚扰试验方法第1部分:定义和一般规定(ISO 7637-1 :2015, MOD)
ISO7637-3:2016道路车辆由传导和耦合引起的电骚扰第3部分:除电源线外的导线通过容性和感性耦合的电瞬态发射( Road vehicles- Electrical dist urbances from conduction and coupling - Part 3: Electrical transient transmission by capacitive and inductive coupling via lines other than supply lines)
注: GB/T 21437.3-2021道路车辆电气/电子 部件对传导和耦合引起的电骚扰试验方法第3部分:对耦合到非电源线电属态的抗扰性( Iso 7637-3:2016.MOD)
ISO 10605:2008道路车辆 静 电放电产生的电骚扰试验方法( Road vehicles - Test methods for
eletrical disturbances from electrostatic discharge)
注:GB/T19951-2019道路车辆电气/电子部件对静电放电抗扰性的试验方法(ISO10605:2008,MOD)
ISO11451-2:2015道路车辆车辆对窄带辐射的电磁能的抗扰性试验方法第2部分:车外辐射源法( Road vehicles- -Vehicle test methods for eleetrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy- -Part 2 : off-vehicle radiation sources)
3术语和定义
GB/T 8498-2017,ISO/TR 12603;2010、GB/T 22359.1-2022和 GB/T 16855.1-2018界定的以
及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。
3.1
大电流bulk current线束中共模电流的总和。
3.2
PMpulse modulation脉冲调制。
3.3
AMamplitude modulation幅度调制。
3.4
失效安全fail safe ; FS
使用电气/电子器件的机器或控制系统,其相关"安全行为进入GB/T 16855.1-2018规定的安全状态。
4通则
机械和系统的功能安全在其他相关标在中有充分的规定。然而,这些标准没有考虑以下两个同题:
电磁场对土方机械和建筑施工机械的特定影响;
电磁兼容性(EMC)现象对使用电气/电子器件的、与机器安全相关的控制装置功能安全的
影响。
本文件提及的电磁兼容性(EMC)现象需要根据其对机器控制装置功能安全影响进行评估。评估是基于所有已经发生和已知重大技术上的各种类似现象。
因此,与此类现象相关的性能参数相当于现有非军用技术的性能指标(量级)。
为了验证机器能够保持制造商预期功能或转换到GB/T 16855.1-2018规定的安全状态条件,对于安全性能等级PL.要求大于或等于GB/T 16855.1-2018中规定的b级,所有功能测试应按照第5章规定的等级进行。
对于ESA 的测试,需要确定被测装置对整机级别的抗干扰失效的表现,例如,控制器的错误信号可能导致制动或转向的缺失。
5电磁兼容性(EMC>现象
5.1一般情况
本文件描述的电骚扰和高频骚扰是指由于技术应用(人为效应)引起的电磁效应。这些电磁效应通常可以被认为是单一且附加的,并且被限制在狭义区域。
5.1.1整机性能判据
按照5.2的要求进行试验,机械的安全相关功能按预期运行,或转换到规定的安全状态,则判定符合性能要求。
5.1.2安全相关ESA的性能判据
按照5.3的要求进行试验,如果ESA或独立的ESA部件的安全相关功能按预期运行,或转换到在机械上应用所规定的安全状态,则判定符合性能要求。
5.2机械抗扰度
5.2.1机械对非机载辐射源电磁场的抗扰度
暴露于非机载源辐射电磁场中的机械机扰度见表1。应按照表1给出的所有频率范围进行试验。如果机械进行BCI试验,在20 MHz~1 000 MHz频率范围内应按照表1的规定进行,并符合ISO 11451-4;2013的要求。频率范围在1GHz以上,应采用电磁辐射的抗扰度试验方法。
如果选择电磁辐射的抗扰度试验方法,应使用水平极化和垂直极化。
表1中给出的试验等级适用于单样本试验;如果进行多样本试验(样本数量≥2)可降低20%。
5.2.2机械对机载辐射源电磁场的抗扰度
如果有明确迹象表明机械安装了机载辐射源,宜在最大输出功率下进行评估。注:关于机载发射机,请参阅ISO 11451-3:2015以获取更多指南。
5.2.3电源线和机械其他线束上的电瞬态抗扰度
机械对电源线和其他线束的电瞬态抗祝延,已知的影响仅体现在ESA级别,只适用于5.3.3规定的试验。
5.2.4机械静电放电(ESD)抗扰度
机械暴露于静电放电(ESD)现象中的抗扰度见表2。所有ESD试验的验收标准为“A”或“FS”"。
5.3ESA抗扰度
5.3.1ESA对非机载辐射源电磁场的抗扰度
暴露于非机载源辐射电磁场中的ESA抗扰度见表3。应按照表3给出的所有频率范围进行试验。为了覆盖整个频率范围,有必要应用至少两种试验方法进行组合,但不需要应用列出的所有测试方法。
表3中给出的试验等级适用于单样本试验;如果进行多样本试验(样本数量≥2)可降低20%。
5.3.2ESA 对机载辐射源电磁场的抗扰度
如果有明确的迹象表明必须进行机载辐射源的试验,宜安装到机械上的发射机尽量靠近ESA,并且在最大输出功率下进行评估。
注:关于机载发射机,请参阅ISO 11452-9:2012以获取更多指南。
5.3.3 ESA 对线束上的电瞬态抗扰度
由电容负载或感性负载切换引起的电瞬态直接耦合到电源电路,适用于GB/T 22359.1-2022中4.9.4。
除电源线束以外的其他线束抗扰度试验,应按照ISO 7637-1:2015和ISO 7637-3;2016的要求。
5.3.4 ESA静电放电(ESD)抗扰度
机械的ESA暴露于静电放电(ESD)现象中的抗扰度见表4。所有ESD试验的验收标准是“A”或“FS”(功能等级A或定义的安全状态)。
6试验报告
GB/T 22359.1-2022的第6章适用。
试验报告应包括本文件的相关要求,并可与GB/T 22359.1-2022的试验报告相结合。
对未受干扰功能(包括安全相关功能的所有操作模式)的偏差,以及任何过渡到规定安全状态的情况,应在试验报告中予以记录。
附录A(资料性)安装与维护方面
