Plain bearings - Non-destructive ultrasonic testing of bond for metallic multilayer plain bearings
1 Scope
This standard specifies an ultrasonic testing method for determining bond defects between the bearing metal and the backing. The test can be performed on metallic multilayer plain bearings consisting of backings lined with bearing metal based on lead and tin, with layer thicknesses greater than or equal to 0.5mm.
The test is not possible within half the diameter of the crystal from the edges of the bearing, oil holes, grooves, etc. because of undefined reflections. In bearings with dovetail keying grooves at the bond, the test may not be possible along the edges of the dovetails. Evaluation of the bond between the bearing backing and bearing material on the end faces and joint faces is possible by the penetrant testing method specified in ISO 4386-3.
Within the meaning of this standard, the ultrasonic method only permits a qualitative evaluation of the bonding and not a quantitative determination of the bond strength as specified in ISO 4386-2.
This standard only describes in detail the pulse-echo method in which the probe is applied from the bearing metal side. When the probe is applied from the backing side, the signals are to be treated analogously.
The sound energy reflected by the bond surface area between the bearing metal and the backing is used to determine the quality of the bonding.
2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below.
ISO 2400:1972 Welds in steel - Reference block for the calibration of equipment for ultrasonic examination
ISO 4386-2:1982 Plain bearings - Metallic multilayer plain bearings - Part 2: Destructive testing of bond for bearing metal layer thicknesses greater than or equal to 2mm
ISO 4386-3:1992 Plain bearings - Metallic multilayer plain bearings - Part 3: Non-destructive penetrant testing
ISO 7963:1985 Welds in steel - Calibration block No. 2 for ultrasonic examination of welds
3 Symbols
The following symbols are used on the figures in this standard:
IS Input signal
BE Bond echo
WE Back-wall echo
RE Reference echo
4 Test equipment
Foreword i
ISO foreword ii
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Symbols
4 Test equipment
5 Preparation
6 Test classes
7 Defect groups
8 Testing
9 Evaluation
10 Designation
11 Test report
