标准编号:	GB/T 14285-2023
中文名称:	继电保护和安全自动装置技术规程
英文名称:	Technical code for relaying protection and security automatic equipment
中标分类:	K45    继电保护及自动装置
行业分类:	GB    国家标准
ICS分类:	29.240.99 29.240.99    其他有关输电网和配电网的设备 29.240.99
发布机构:	国家市场监督管理总局 国家标准化管理委员会
发布日期:	2023-11-27
实施日期:	2024-3-1
标准状态:	valid
替代旧标准:	GB/T 14285-2006 继电保护和安全自动装置技术规程
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	105000 字
翻译价格(元):	7350.0
交付时间:	付款后 1~5 个工作日

Foreword Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative. This document is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2020 Directives for standardization - Part 1: Rules for the structure and drafting of standardizing documents. This document replaces GB/T 14285-2006 Technical code for relaying protection and security automatic equipment. In addition to structural adjustments and editorial changes, the following main technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 14285-2006: ——The clause "Terms, definitions and abbreviations" has been added (see Clause 3 hereof); ——The subclause "Synchronous compensator protection" has been added (see 5.2.6 hereof); ——The AC relay protection with voltage classes of 750kV and 1,000kV has been added (see 5.3.9 and 5.4.4 hereof); ——The protection of flexible transmission equipment has been added, and the special requirements for the protection of lines with flexible transmission equipment and their adjacent lines have been added (see 5.7.4, 5.8.2.4, 5.8.5, 5.8.6 and 5.4.6 hereof); ——The subclause "Series reactor protection" has been added (see 5.9 hereof); Introduction In recent years, with the construction of new energy power generation, UHV AC/DC transmission, flexible AC/DC transmission and distribution, distributed power generation and microgrid projects, the structure and operation characteristics of power grids have changed greatly. At the same time, with the development of economy and society, the demand for power supply reliability is further improved, which puts forward new requirements for relay protection and automatic security control equipment in system design, function configuration, operation setting, inspection and test, etc. The progress of microelectronics technology and network communication technology also provides new technical means for the realization of relay protection and automatic security control equipment, and smart substations based on electronic transformers, circuit breaker’s smart terminals and network transmission have begun to appear, so it is urgent to revise the current standards to ensure the safe and economic operation of power systems. Technical code for relaying protection and security automatic equipment 1 Scope This document specifies the general requirements for relay protection and automatic security control equipment for power systems, and the requirements for AC relay protection, DC transmission system protection, automatic security control equipment, related circuits and equipment, etc. This document is applicable to the research and development, design, manufacture, test, installation, commissioning, operation, maintenance, overhaul, management, etc. of relay protection and automatic security control equipment in power systems with voltage classes of AC 3kV and above and DC ±100kV and above. 2 Normative references The following documents contain requirements which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 2900.17 Electrotechnical terminology - Measuring relays GB/T 2900.49-2004 Electrotechnical terminology - Power system protection GB/T 2900.50 Electrotechnical terminology - Generation, transmission and distribution of electricity - General GB/T 7409.1 Excitation systems for synchronous electrical machines - Definitions GB/T 7409.2 Excitation systems for synchronous machines - Part 2: Models for power system studies GB/T 7409.3 Excitation system for synchronous electrical machines - Technical requirements of excitation system for large and medium synchronous generators GB/T 14598.24 Measuring relays and protection equipment - Part 24: Common format for transient data exchange (COMTRADE) for power systems GB/T 14598.26 Measuring relays and protection equipment - Part 26: Electromagnetic compatibility requirements GB/T 20840.2 Instrument transformers - Part 2: Additional requirements for current transformers GB/T 20840.3 Instrument transformers - Part 3: Additional requirements for inductive voltage transformers GB/T 20840.5 Instrument transformers - Part 5: Additional requirements for capacitor voltage transformers GB/T 20840.7 Instrument transformers - Part 7: Electronic voltage transformers GB/T 20840.8 Instrument transformers - Part 8: Electronic current transformers GB/T 22390.5 Control and protection equipment of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system - Part 5: DC line fault location GB/T 22390.6 Control and protection equipment of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system - Part 6: Substation transient fault oscillograph device GB/T 26216.1 DC current measuring device for HVDC transmission system - Part 1: Electronic DC current measuring device GB/T 26217 DC voltage measuring device for HVDC transmission system GB/T 26399 Technical guide for electric power system security and stability control GB/T 34132 General specification for smart terminal in smart substation GB/T 37138 Implementation guide for cyber security classified protection of electric power information system GB 38755 Code on security and stability for power system GB/T 38969 Guide on technology for power system GB/T 40599 Technical specification for relay protection and security automatic equipment online monitoring and analysis GB/T 40864 Technical requirements for relaying protection of flexible alternating current transmission equipment connecting to the system DL/T 282 Technical requirement for merging unit DL/T 364 General specification of transmitting protection information on optical channel DL/T 553 General specification of power system dynamic recording equipment DL/T 688 Intertripping equipment for power system DL/T 866 Code for selection and calculation of current transformer and voltage transformer DL/T 1455 Technical requirements of safety and security for electric power system control software and software testing DL/T 1782 Information specification of substation relay protection NB/T 42088 Technical specification for relay protection information system substation 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 2900.17, GB/T 2900.49-2004 and GB/T 2900.50 and the following apply. 3.1.1 relay protection an important measure to detect faults or other anomalies in the power system, so as to remove faults, terminate anomalies, or send signals or instructions [Source: GB/T 2900.49-2004, 448-11-01, modified] 3.1.2 main protection protection that meets the requirements of power system stability and power equipment safety, and can selectively remove the fault of the protected power equipment or terminate its anomaly at the fastest speed 3.1.3 backup protection protection that is scheduled to act when the power system fault is not removed or other anomalies are not found within a predetermined time due to inoperability or failure of operation of the main protection or failure of operation of the associated circuit breaker Note: Backup protection includes local backup protection (3.1.4) and remote backup protection (3.1.5). [Source: GB/T 2900.49-2004, 448-11-14, modified] 3.1.4 local backup protection backup protection realized by another protection of the power equipment when the main protection cannot operate or fails to operate; or backup protection realized by circuit breaker failure protection when the associated circuit breaker fails to operate 4 General requirements 4.1 On the premise of reasonable power grid structure, relay protection and automatic security control equipment for power system shall be able to reflect various faults and anomalies of power system, and operate on tripping or give control and alarm signals, so as to meet the requirements of reliability, selectivity, sensitivity and rapidity, and ensure the safe and stable operation of power system and power equipment. Power equipment shall not run without protection at any time. 4.2 When determining the power grid structure, the main wiring of power plants and stations and the operation mode of the system, and selecting power equipment, overall consideration and reasonable arrangement shall be made in accordance with the configuration and operation of relay protection and automatic security control equipment. When the new power equipment is applied for the first time, the adaptability of related relay protection shall be studied. The power grid structure, main wiring of power plants and stations, transformer wiring, power equipment, transformer configuration and system operation mode, which cause relay protection and automatic security control equipment to fail to ensure the safe and stable operation of power system and power equipment, shall be avoided.

Foreword III Introduction IV 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations 3.1 Terms and definitions 3.2 Abbreviations 4 General requirements 5 AC relay protection 5.1 General 5.2 Rotating electrical machine protection 5.3 Power transformer protection 5.4 Line protection 5.5 Busbar protection 5.6 Circuit breaker protection 5.7 Series compensator protection 5.8 Shunt compensator protection 5.9 Series reactor protection 5.10 Others 6 DC transmission system protection 6.1 General 6.2 Protection of single 12-pulse conventional DC transmission system 6.3 Protection of double 12-pulse conventional DC transmission system 6.4 Protection of back-to-back conventional DC transmission system 6.5 Protection of flexible DC transmission system 7 Automatic security control equipment 7.1 General 7.2 Control device for preventing power system instability 7.3 Control device for preventing power system collapse 7.4 Control device for power recovery 7.5 Excitation regulation and control device 7.6 Automatic quasi-synchronizing device 8 Requirements for relay protection and automatic security control equipment and their related circuits and equipment 8.1 General 8.2 Relay protection and automatic security control equipment 8.3 Auxiliary device and auxiliary relay 8.4 Installation methods and panel (cabinet) requirements 8.5 Secondary circuit 8.6 Current transformer and potential transformer 8.7 Circuit breaker and disconnector 8.8 DC power supply 8.9 Communication channel 8.10 Electromagnetic compatibility 9 Fault recording, fault information management and online monitoring and analysis Annex A (Informative) Relay protection and automatic security control equipment for smart substation Annex B (Informative) Influence of FACTS equipment on protection of surrounding power equipment and corresponding countermeasures Annex C (Informative) Relay protection and automatic security control equipment for new energy plants or stations and electrochemical energy storage station Annex D (Informative) Relay protection and automatic security control equipment for power distribution network and microgrid Annex E (Informative) Relay protection and automatic security control equipment for industrial/traffic user power supply systems Annex F (Informative) Protection of conventional DC transmission system Annex G (Informative) Protection of typical flexible DC transmission system Bibliography

ICS 29.240.99 CCS K 45 中华人民共和国国家标准 GB/T 14285—2023 代替GB/T 14285—2006 继电保护和安全自动装置技术规程 Technical code for relaying protection and security automatic equipment 2023-11-27发布 2024-03-01实施 国家市场监督管理总局 发布 国家标准化管理委员会 目次 前言 Ⅲ 引言 IN 1 范围 1 2 规范性引用文件 1 3 术语和定义、缩略语 2 3.1 术语和定义 2 3.2 缩略语 3 4 总体要求 4 5 交流继电保护 5 5.1 一般规定 5 5.2 旋转电机保护 6 5.3 电力变压器保护 17 5.4 线路保护 21 5.5 母线保护 26 5.6 断路器保护 28 5.7 串联补偿装置保护 29 5.8 并联补偿装置保护 31 5.9 串联电抗器保护 35 5.10 其他 35 6 直流输电系统的保护 37 6.1 一般规定 37 6.2 单12脉动常规直流输电系统的保护 37 6.3 双12 脉动常规直流输电系统的保护 42 6.4 背靠背常规直流输电系统的保护 42 6.5 柔性直流输电系统的保护 42 7 安全自动装置 44 7.1 一般规定 44 7.2 防止电力系统失稳的控制装置 44 7.3 防止电力系统崩溃的控制装置 45 7.4 电源恢复控制装置 46 7.5 励磁调节与控制装置 48 7.6 自动准同期装置 49 8 对继电保护和安全自动装置、相关回路和设备的要求 49 8.1 一般规定 49 8.2 继电保护和安全自动装置 50 8.3 辅助装置及辅助继电器 50 8.4 安装方式及屏（柜）要求 52 8.5 二次回路 53 8.6 电流互感器及电压互感器 56 8.7 断路器及隔离开关 58 8.8 直流电源 58 8.9 通信通道 58 8.10 电磁兼容 59 9 故障录波、故障信息管理及在线监视与分析 60 附录 A （资料性） 智能变电站继电保护和安全自动装置 62 附录B （资料性） FACTS 设备对周边电力设备保护的影响及对策 67 附录 C （资料性） 新能源场站和电化学储能电站继电保护和安全自动装置 72 附录 D （资料性） 配电网和微电网继电保护和安全自动装置 77 附录 E （资料性） 工业、交通用户供电系统继电保护和安全自动装置 79 附录 F （资料性） 常规直流输电系统的保护 82 附录 G （资料性） 典型柔性直流输电系统的保护 85 参考文献 90 前言 本文件按照GB/T 1.1—2020《标准化工作导则 第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规定起草。 本文件代替GB/T 14285—2006《继电保护和安全自动装置技术规程》，与GB/T 14285—2006相比，除结构调整和编辑性改动外，主要技术变化如下： ——增加了术语和定义及缩略语（见第3章）; ——增加了同步调相机保护（见5.2.6）; ——增加了750 kV 和1000 kV 电压等级的交流继电保护（见5.3.9、5.4.4）; ——增加了柔性输电设备保护，增加含柔性输电设备线路及其相邻线路的保护的特殊要求（见5.7.4、5.8.2.4、5.8.5、5.8.6、5.4.6）; ——增加了串联电抗器保护（见5.9）; 引言 近年来，随着新能源发电、特高压交直流输电、柔性交直流输配电、分布式发电与微电网等工程的建 设，电网结构和运行特性发生了很大变化；同时，经济和社会发展对供电可靠性的要求进一步提高，对继电保护和安全自动装置在系统设计、功能配置、运行整定、检验试验等方面提出了新要求；微电子技术、网络通信技术的进步也为继电保护和安全自动装置的实现提供了新的技术手段，基于电子式互感器、断路器智能终端、网络传输的智能变电站开始出现，迫切需要对现行标准加以修订，以确保电力系统的安全经济运行。 继电保护和安全自动装置技术规程 1 范围 本文件规定了电力系统继电保护和安全自动装置的总体要求、交流继电保护、直流输电系统的保护、安全自动装置以及相关回路和设备的要求等。 本文件适用于交流3 kV及以上、直流±100 kV及以上电压等级电力系统中的继电保护和安全自动装置的研发、设计、制造、试验、安装、调试、运行、维护、检修、管理等。 2 规范性引用文件 下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于 本文件。 GB/T 2900.17 电工术语 量度继电器 GB/T 2900.49-2004 电工术语 电力系统保护 GB/T 2900.50 电工术语 发电、输电及配电 通用术语 GB/T 7409.1 同步电机励磁系统 定义 GB/T 7409.2 同步电机励磁系统 第2部分：电力系统研究用模型 GB/T 7409.3 同步电机励磁系统 大、中型同步发电机励磁系统技术要求 GB/T 14598.24 量度继电器和保护装置 第24部分：电力系统暂态数据交换（COMTRADE） 通用格式 GB/T 14598.26 量度继电器和保护装置 第26部分：电磁兼容要求 GB/T 20840.2 互感器 第2部分：电流互感器的补充技术要求 GB/T 20840.3 互感器 第3部分：电磁式电压互感器的补充技术要求 GB/T 20840.5 互感器 第5部分：电容式电压互感器的补充技术要求 GB/T 20840.7 互感器 第7部分：电子式电压互感器 GB/T 20840.8 互感器 第8部分：电子式电流互感器 GB/T 22390.5 高压直流输电系统控制与保护设备 第5部分：直流线路故障定位装置 GB/T 22390.6 高压直流输电系统控制与保护设备 第6部分：换流站暂态故障录波装置 GB/T 26216.1 高压直流输电系统直流电流测量装置 第1部分：电子式直流电流测量装置 GB/T 26217 高压直流输电系统直流电压测量装置 GB/T 26399 电力系统安全稳定控制技术导则 GB/T 34132 智能变电站智能终端装置通用技术条件 GB/T 37138 电力信息系统安全等级保护实施指南 GB 38755 电力系统安全稳定导则 GB/T 38969 电力系统技术导则 GB/T 40599 继电保护及安全自动装置在线监视与分析技术规范 GB/T 40864 柔性交流输电设备接入电网继电保护技术要求 DL/T 282 合并单元技术条件 DL/T 364 光纤通道传输保护信息通用技术条件 DL/T 553 电力系统动态记录装置通用技术条件 DL/T 688 电力系统远方跳闸信号传输装置 DL/T 866 电流互感器和电压互感器选择及计算规程 DL/T 1455 电力系统控制类软件安全性及其测评技术要求 DL/T 1782 变电站继电保护信息规范 NB/T 42088 继电保护信息系统子站技术规范 3 术语和定义、缩略语 3.1 术语和定义 GB/T 2900.17、GB/T 2900.49—2004、GB/T 2900.50界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 3.1.1 继电保护 relay protection 在电力系统中检出故障或其他异常情况，从而使故障切除、异常情况终止，或发出信号或指示的一种重要措施。 [来源：GB/T2900.49—2004，448-11-01，有修改] 3.1.2 主保护 main protection 满足电力系统稳定和电力设备安全要求，能以最快速度有选择地切除被保护电力设备故障或者结束其异常情况的保护。 3.1.3 后备保护 backup protection 由于主保护不能动作、动作失效或者相关联的断路器动作失灵，导致在预定的时间内电力系统故障未被切除或其他异常情况未被发现时预定动作的保护。 注：后备保护包括近后备保护（3.1.4）和远后备保护（3.1.5）。 [来源：GB/T 2900.49—2004，448-11-14，有修改] 3.1.4 近后备保护 local backup protection 当主保护不能动作或动作失效时，由该电力设备的另一保护实现的后备保护；或者当相关联的断路器动作失灵时，由断路器失灵保护来实现的后备保护。 4 总体要求 4.1 在合理的电网结构前提下，电力系统继电保护和安全自动装置应能反映电力系统的各种故障及异常情况，并动作于跳闸或给出控制、告警信号，满足可靠性、选择性、灵敏性和速动性的要求，保证电力系统和电力设备的安全稳定运行。任何时候电力设备不应无保护运行。 4.2 确定电网结构、厂站主接线和系统运行方式以及进行电力设备选型时，应与继电保护和安全自动装置的配置与运行统筹考虑，合理安排。新型电力设备首次应用时，应研究相关继电保护的适应性。对导致继电保护和安全自动装置不能保证电力系统和电力设备安全稳定运行的电网结构、厂站主接线、变压器接线、电力设备、互感器配置和系统运行方式，应避免使用。