Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
All technical contents of this part of this standard are compulsory.
GB 150 "Pressure Vessels" comprises the following four parts:
——Part 1: general requirements;
——Part 2: Materials;
——Part 3: Design;
——Part 4: Fabrication, Inspection and Testing, and Acceptance.
This Part is Part 1 of GB 150: General Requirements. This part is drafted according to the rules provided by GB/T 1.1 - 2009 " Directives for Standardization ".
This part replaces parts of GB 150-1998 "Steel Pressure Vessels" (Chapter 1 ~ Chapter 3, Appendix B and Appendix C) Compared with GB 150-1998, this standard has the following major technical changes:
a) Expanded the applicable scope of the Standard.
——By means of reference standards, it is applicable to pressure vessels made of metal materials;
——Under the premise of meeting the design guidelines of this Standard, it specifies design methods to deal with circumstances exceeding standard scopes;
——It specifies the basis Standards for all kinds of structure vessels.
b) Amended the requirements on the qualifications and responsibilities of the vessel construction participants.
——Specifies the storing period for the design documents;
——Added the responsibilities of the user or design-trustor in providing the written design conditions at the design stage;
——Specifies the responsibilities of the inspectors from inspection institution on the report confirmation and testimony of the confirmatory burst test.
c) Amended the safety factors for determining allowable stress.
——Adjusted the safety factor of tensile strength from 3.0 to 2.7;
——Adjusted the safety factor of yield strength of carbon steels and low-alloy steels from 1.6 to 1.5;
——For austenitic stainless steel, one can use Rp1.0 to determine the allowable stress.
d) Added conformity declarations to meet the basic safety requirements prescribed in the safety technical regulations for special equipment.
e) Added implementation details of the design methods in addition to adoptive standards and regulations.
f) Added the requirements of the risk evaluation at the design stage for pressure vessels and its implementation details.
g) Added Appendix A: conformity declarations and revisions of this standard.
This Part is proposed and under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee on Boilers and Pressure Vessels of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 262).
Drafting organizations of this Part: China Special Equipment Inspection and Research Institute, Bureau of Safety Supervision of Special Equipment (SESA) of AQSIQ, Zhejiang University, Hefei General Machinery Research Institute, Sinopec Engineering Incorporation, East China University of Science and Technology, Lanpec Technologies Limited.
Chief drafting staffs of this Part: Shou Binan, Chen Gang, Zheng Jinyang, Chen Xuedong, Yang Guoyi, Xie Tiejun, Li Shiyu, Xu Feng, Wang Xiaolei, Li Jun, Qiu Qingyu, Zhang Yanfeng, Wu Quanlong.
The previous editions of the standards replaced by this part are as:
——GB 150-1989, GB 150-1998.
Introduction
This standard is one of the large general technical standards of pressure vessels developed by and under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Boilers and Pressure Vessels of Standardization Administration of China (hereinafter referred to as "Committee"), to specify the technical requirements related to the design, fabrication, inspection and testing, and acceptance of the pressure vessels constructed or used in domain of China.
The technical clauses of this standard include the compulsory requirements, special forbidding requirements and recommendatory clauses that shall be followed during the construction process of pressure vessels (namely, design, fabrication, inspection and testing, and acceptance); the recommendatory clauses thereof are not compulsory parts. As it is unnecessary and impossible for this standard to include all the technical details during the construction process of pressure vessels within the application scope, under the premise of meeting the basic safety requirements specified in the laws and regulations, the technical contents not specially mentioned in this standard shall not be prohibited. This standard cannot be used as the technical manual for the specific pressure vessels construction, or replace the training, engineering experience and engineering evaluation. Engineering evaluation is the specific-product-oriented technology evaluation made by the knowledgeable and experienced technical personnel. However, the engineering evaluation shall meet the relevant technical requirements in this standard and shall not violate the compulsory requirements and forbidding requirements in this standard.
This standard does not restrict the state-of-the-art technical methods adopted during the actual engineering design and construction process, but the engineering technical personnel shall make the reliable judgment when adopting the state-of-the-art technical methods to ensure that they meet the requirements of this standard, especially the compulsory design requirements (such as strength or stability design formula).
The technical methods and technical requirements specified in this standard are not involved with any patent. Please note that the engineering applications of this standard may involve specific patents; the issuance organization of this standard shall not undertake the responsibility of identifying these patents.
This standard does not specify nor prohibit the designing personnel by using the computer programs to realize the analysis or design of the pressure vessels; if the computer programs are adopted for the analysis or design, not only the requirements of this standard shall be met but also the following items shall be confirmed:
1) Rationality of the technology assumption in the programs adopted;
2) Adaptability of the programs adopted to the design contents;
3) Correctness of the input parameters and output results of the programs adopted to the engineering design.
Inquiry for the technical clauses of the standard shall be submitted to the committee secretariat in written form, so shall the necessary information. All the inquiries which are not related to standard clauses directly or which cannot be understood are deemed as technical consultation. As a result, the committee is entitled to refuse the inquiries.
The Committee shall not undertake the responsibility of the understanding ambiguity and any consequence caused by the standard promotion implementation or explanation made by other organizations not authorized or approved by the Committee in written form.
Pressure Vessels-
Part 1: General Requirements
1 Scope
1.1 This standard specifies the construction requirements of metal pressure vessels (hereinafter referred to as "Vessels"). This standard specifies the general requirements for the materials, design, fabrication, inspection and testing, and acceptance of metal pressure vessels (hereinafter referred to as “Vessels”).
1.2 Applicable design pressure of this Standard
1.2.1 For steel vessels, the design pressure shall not exceed 35MPa;
1.2.2 For vessels made of other metal materials, the applicable design pressure shall be determined according to the corresponding reference standards.
1.3 Applicable design temperature range of this Standard
1.3.1 Design temperature range: -269℃~900℃.
1.3.2 For steel vessels, the design temperature shall not exceed the allowable operating temperature range of the materials listed in GB 150.2
1.3.3 For vessels made of other metal materials, the design temperature shall be determined according to the allowable operating temperature of the materials listed in the corresponding reference standards of this Part.
1.4 Applicable structure forms of this Standard
1.4.1 The structure forms of the steel vessels to which this Standard is applicable shall be in accordance with the corresponding provisions of this Part and GB 150.2 ~ GB 150.4.
1.4.2 As for the vessels with specific structures and the vessels made of aluminum, titanium, copper, nickel and nickel alloy, as well as zirconium to which this Standard is applicable, the structure forms and applicable scope shall meet the corresponding requirements of the following standards:
a) GB 151 Tubular Heat Exchangers;
b) GB 12337 Steel Spherical Tanks;
c) JB/T 4731 Steel Horizontal Vessels on Saddle Support;
d) JB/T 4710 Steel Vertical Vessels Supported by Skirt;
e) JB/T 4734 Aluminim Welded Vessels;
f) JB/T 4745 Titanium Welded Vessels;
g) JB/T 4755 Copper Pressure Vessels;
h) JB/T 4756 Nickel and Nickel Alloy Pressure Vessels;
i) NB/T 47011 Zirconium Pressure Vessels.
1.5 The following vessels are not within the applicable scope of this Standard:
a) Vessels with design pressure lower than 0.1MPa and vacuum degree lower than 0.02MPa;
b) Vessels under "Supervision Regulation on Safety Technology for Transportable Pressure Vessel";
c) Among equipment, the pressure chambers (such as pump casing, outer casing of compressors, outer casing of turbines, hydraulic cylinders etc.) which can be its own system or as components in swiveling or reciprocating movement machinery;
d) Vessels subject to the neutron radiation damage failure risk in nuclear power plants.
e) Vessels heated by direct flame;
f) Vessels with inner diameter (for non-circular sections, refers to the maximum geometric dimensions of the inner boundaries of the sections, such as: diagonals of rectangles and major axes of ellipses) less than 150mm;
g) Enamelled vessels and the vessels with other national standards or professional standards in the refrigeration and air conditioning industry.
1.6 Vessels scope
1.6.1 Connection between the vessel and the external pipe:
a) The groove end face of the first pass of girth joints with welded connection;
b) The first threaded connector end surface of screwed joint;
c) The sealing surface of the first flange with flanged connection;
d) The first sealing surface of special connecting piece or pipe fittings connection.
1.6.2 Bearing headers, flat covers and their fasteners of connection pipe, manhole and handhole, etc.
1.6.3 Attachment welds between non-pressure components and pressure components.
1.6.4 Non-pressure components such as support and skirt directly connected to the vessels.
1.6.5 Excessive pressure relief device of vessel (see Appendix B).
2 Normative References
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this standard. For dated references, only the dated edition is applicable to this document. For undated references, the latest editions of the normative documents (including all the amendments) are applicable to this document.
GB 150.2 Pressure vessels - Part 2: materials
GB 150.3-2011 Pressure vessels - Part 3: design
GB 150.4 Pressure vessels-Part 4: Fabrication, inspection and testing, and acceptance
GB 151 Tubular Heat Exchangers
GB 567 (All the parts) bursting disc safety device
GB/T 12241 Safety valves-General requirements
GB 12337 Steel Spherical Tanks
GB/T 26929 Terminology for pressure vessels
JB/T 4710 Steel Vertical Vessels Supported by Skirt
JB/T 4731 Steel Horizontal Vessels on Saddle Support
JB 4732-1995 Steel Pressure Vessels-Design by Analysis (Confirmed in 2005)
JB/T 4734 Aluminim Welded Vessels
JB/T 4745 Titanium Welded Vessels
JB/T 4755 Copper Pressure Vessels
JB/T 4756 Nickel and Nickel Alloy Pressure Vessels
NB/T 47002 (All the parts) Explosion welded clad plate for pressure vessels
NB/T 47011 Zirconium Pressure Vessels
TSG R0004 Supervision Regulation on Safety Technology for Stationary Pressure Vessel
3 Terms and Symbols
3.1 Terms and Definitions
For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions specified in GB/T 26929 and the following ones apply.
3.1.1
Pressure
It refers to the force vertically acting on the vessel per unit surface area. Unless specifically indicated, pressure shall be referred to as gauge pressure in this Standard.
3.1.2
Operating pressure
Under normal operating conditions, the achievable maximum pressure at the top of vessels.
3.1.3
Design pressure
The set maximum pressure at vessel top, together with the corresponding design temperature to be used as the basic design loading conditions of vessels, its value shall not be lower than the operating pressure.
3.1.4
Calculation pressure
Under the corresponding design temperature, the pressure used to determine the thickness of the components, including additional loads such as fluid column hydrostatic pressure etc.
3.1.5
Test pressure
When conducting pressure test or leak test, the pressure at the vessel top.
3.1.6
Maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP)
It refers to the allowable maximum pressure at the top of the vessel at the corresponding designated temperature. This pressure is the minimum value of the calculation results according to the effective thickness of each pressure component of the vessel, in consideration of all the loads on the component.
Note: when the design document of the pressure vessel do not specify the maximum allowable working pressure, the design pressure of this vessel may be regarded as the maximum allowable working pressure.
3.1.7
Design temperature
When a vessel is under normal operating conditions, the set metal temperature of its components (the average temperature along the metal section of the components). The design temperature and design pressure are both used as the design load conditions.
3.1.8
Test temperature
When conducting withstand voltage test or leak test, the metal temperature of the shell of the vessel.
3.1.9
Minimum design metal temperature
In cases of design, the expected minimum value of the metal temperature of each component under any possible condition for the duration of the vessel operating process.
3.1.10
Required thickness
The thickness calculated according to the corresponding formulae of this standard. When necessary, it shall include the thickness (see 4.3.2) required by other loads. As for the external pressure components, it refers to the minimum thickness required for meeting the stability.
3.1.11
Design thickness
The sum of the calculated thickness and corrosion allowance.
3.1.12
Nominal thickness
The design thickness is added by the negative deviation of material thickness, and the sum is rounded up to the thickness of standard material specifications.
3.1.13
Effective thickness
It refers to the value of nominal thickness minus corrosion allowance and negative deviation of material thickness.
3.1.14
Minimum required fabrication thickness
The minimum thickness of ensuring the design requirements, after the fabrication of the pressure components.
3.1.15
Low-temperature pressure vessel
The low-temperature pressure vessel defined in this Standard refers to the carbon steel, low-alloy steel, duplex stainless steel and ferritic stainless steel vessels with design temperature lower than -20℃ as well as the austenitic stainless steel vessels with design temperature lower than -196℃.
3.2 Symbols
C——Additional thickness, mm;
C1——Negative deviation of the material thickness, according to 4.3.6.1, mm;
C2——Corrosion allowance, according to 4.3.6.2, mm;
Di——the inner diameter of a cylinder or a sphere shell, mm;
Et——Elastic modulus of material at design temperature, MPa;
p——the Design pressure, MPa;
pT——the minimum value of test pressure, MPa;
Ro——Outer radius of cylinder, mm;
Rm——the lower limit of the standard tensile strength of materials, MPa;
ReL(Rp0.2, Rp1.0)——the yield strength of materials under standard room temperature (or 0.2% and 1.0% non-proportional extension strength), MPa;
, ——the yield strength of materials under design temperature (or 0.2% and 1.0% non-proportional extension strength), MPa;
——The average rupture life of material cracked after 0.1 million hours at design temperature, MPa;
——The average creep limit of material with 1% creep rate after 0.1 million hours at design temperature, MPa;
σT——The stress of pressure components under the test pressure, MPa;
[σ]——Allowable stress of the vessel component materials under the withstand voltage test temperature, MPa;
[σ]t——Allowable stress of the vessel component materials under the design temperature, MPa;
——Allowable stress of base material at design temperature, MPa;
——Allowable stress of clad material at design temperature, MPa;
——Allowable axial compressive stress of cylinder at design temperature, MPa;
δ1——Nominal thickness of base material, mm;
δ2——Thickness of clad material, shall not be counted in corrosion allowance, mm;
δe——Effective thickness of the cylinder or spherical shell, mm;
φ——Welded joint coefficient.
4 General Requirements
4.1 General rules
4.1.1 The design, fabrication, inspection and acceptance of steel vessels, apart from meeting the provisions of all Parts of this Standard, also shall comply with the State issued relevant laws, regulations and safety technical codes.
4.1.2 As for the vessels of specific structures, and aluminum, titanium, copper, nickel and nickel alloy and zirconium vessels, the design, fabrication, inspection and testing, and acceptance of them shall not only meet the requirements of 4.1.1 but also meet the corresponding requirements of the following standards:
a) GB 151 Tubular Heat Exchangers;
b) GB 12337 Steel Spherical Tanks;
c) JB/T 4731 Steel Horizontal Vessels on Saddle Support;
d) JB/T 4710 Steel Vertical Vessels Supported by Skirt;
e) JB/T 4734 Aluminim Welded Vessels;
f) JB/T 4745 Titanium Welded Vessels;
g) JB/T 4755 Copper Pressure Vessels;
h) JB/T 4756 Nickel and Nickel Alloy Pressure Vessels;
i) NB/T 47011 Zirconium Pressure Vessels
4.1.3 The vessel design and fabrication organizations shall establish a sound quality management system and ensure its effective implementation.
4.1.4 The design and fabrication of pressure vessels which are within the jurisdiction of the “Supervision Regulation on Safety Technology for Stationary Pressure Vessel” shall accept supervisions from the safety supervision institution of special equipment.
4.1.5 Categories of vessels shall be determined according to the requirements of "Supervision Regulation on Safety Technology for Stationary Pressure Vessel".
4.1.6 As for the vessels or pressure components, for which the structure dimension cannot be determined according to GB 150.3, the following design methods may be adopted:
a) Replication experiment analysis (such as experimental stress analysis and replication hydraulic test); see Appendix C for the specific requirements;
b) Comparison empirical design by such comparable structures that have been in service, see Appendix D for the specific requirements;
c) Adoption of stress analysis calculation and evaluation including the finite element method; see Appendix E for the specific requirements;
4.2 Qualifications and responsibilities
4.2.1 Qualifications
a) The design organization of pressure vessels which are within the jurisdiction of the “Supervision Regulation on Safety Technology for Stationary Pressure Vessel” shall hold the corresponding special equipment designing license;
b) The fabrication organization of pressure vessels which are within the jurisdiction of the “Supervision Regulation on Safety Technology for Stationary Pressure Vessel” shall hold the corresponding special equipment manufacturing license.
4.2.2 Responsibilities
4.2.2.1 The responsibilities of the user or the design-trustor
The design-trustor or the vessel user shall submit the design specifications (UDS – User's Design Specification) of the vessels to the design organization in formal writing; the following contents should be included in the design specification:
a) The main standards and regulations which the vessel design is based on;
b) Operating parameters (including the operating pressure, operating temperature range, liquid level and the load of the connection pipes, etc.);
c) The operation location and the natural conditions of the location of the pressure vessels (including the environment temperature, seismic fortification intensity, wind load and snow load etc.);
d) Components and characteristics of the medium;
e) Expected service life;
f) The geometric parameters and nozzle position;
g) Other necessary conditions required by the design.
4.2.2.2 The responsibilities of the design organization
a) The design organization shall be responsible for the correctness and integrity of the design documentation;
Foreword i
Introduction iii
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Symbols
4 General Requirements
Appendix A (Normative) Conformity Declarations and Revisions
Appendix B (Normative) Excessive Pressure Relief Device
Appendix C (Normative) Determination of Vessel Design Pressure by Confirmatory Burst Test
Appendix D (Normative) Comparative Empirical Design Method
Appendix E (Normative) Local Structure Stress Analysis and Evaluation
Appendix F (Normative) Risk Assessment Report
