High-voltage Alternating-current Circuit-breakers
1 General
1.1 Scope
This standard is applicable to a.c. circuit-breakers designed for indoor or outdoor installation and for operation at frequency of 50Hz on systems having voltages from 3Kv to 1000V.
It is only applicable to three-pole circuit-breakers for use in three-phase systems and single-pole circuit-breakers for use in single-phase systems. Two-pole circuit-breakers for use in single-phase systems and application at frequencies lower than 50Hz are subject to agreement between manufacturer and user.
This standard is also applicable to the operating devices of circuit-breakers and to their auxiliary equipment. However, a circuit-breaker with a closing mechanism for dependent manual operation is not covered by this standard, as a rated short-circuit making current cannot be specified, and such dependent manual operation may be objectionable because of safety considerations.
Rules for circuit-breakers with an intentional non-simultaneity between the poles are given in GB/T 30846-2014 High-voltage alternating current circuit-breakers with intentionally non-simultaneous pole operation; circuit-breakers providing single-pole auto-reclosing are within the scope of this standard.
Note 1: Circuit-breakers with an intentional non-simultaneity between the poles may, in some instances, be tested in accordance with this standard. For example, mechanically staggered pole designs may be tested according to this standard using three-phase direct tests. For synthetic testing, determining the most appropriate tests, particularly in respect to test current, recovery voltage and transient recovery voltage, is subject to agreement between manufacturer and user.
This standard does not cover circuit-breakers intended for use on motive power units of electrical traction equipment; these are covered by IEC 60077 [1] .
Generator circuit-breakers installed between generator and step-up transformer are not within the scope of this standard.
Switching of inductive loads is covered by GB/T 29489-2013.
Self-tripping circuit-breakers with mechanical tripping devices or devices which cannot be made inoperative may refer to this standard.
Circuit-breakers installed as by-pass switches in parallel with line series capacitors and their protective equipment are not within the scope of this standard. These are covered by GB/T 28565-2012[2] High-voltage alternating-current series capacitor by-pass switches and IEC 60143-2[3].
Note 2: Tests to prove the performance under abnormal conditions shall be subject to agreement between manufacturer and user. Such abnormal conditions are, for instance, cases where the voltage is higher than the rated voltage of the circuit-breaker, conditions which may occur due to sudden loss of load on long lines or cables.
Note 3: For SF6 circuit-breaker, vacuum circuit-breaker, etc., the requirements exceeding the scope of this standard are specified separately in the relevant professional standards.
1.2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 311.2-2013 Insulation Co-ordination - Part 2: Application Guide (IEC 60071-2:1996, MOD)
GB/T 762-2002 Standard Current Ratings (eqv IEC 60059:1999)
GB 2536-2011 Fluids for Electrotechnical Applications - Unused Mineral Insulating Oils for Transformers and Switchgear (IEC 60296:2003, MOD)
GB/T 2900.20-2016 Electrotechnical Terminology - High-voltage Switchgear (neq IEC 60050-441:1984)
GB/T 2900.50-2008 Electrotechnical Terminology - Generation, Transmission and Distribution of Electricity - General (IEC 60050-601:1985, MOD)
GB/T 2900.57-2008 Electrotechnical Terminology - Generation, Transmission and Distribution of Electricity - Operation (IEC 60050-604:1987, MOD)
GB/T 4109-2008 Insulated Bushings for Alternating Voltages above 1,000V (IEC 60137: 2003, MOD)
GB 4208-2008 Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosure (IP Code) (IEC 60529:2001, IDT)
GB 7674-2008 Gas-insulated Metal-enclosed Switchgear for Rated Voltages of 72.5kV and above (IEC 62271-203:2003, MOD)
GB/T 8905-2012 The Guide for Processing and Measuring SF6 Gas in Power Apparatus (IEC 60480:2004, MOD)
GB/T 12022-2006 Sulphur Hexafluoride for Industrial Use (IEC 60376:1971; IEC 60376A:1973; IEC 603768:1974, MOD)
GB/T 13540-2009 Seismic qualification for high-voltage switchgear and controlgear (IEC 62271-2:2003 MOD)
GB/T 14598.7-1995 Electrical Relays - Part 3: Single Input Energizing Quantity Measuring Relays with Dependent or Independent Time (idt IEC 60255-3:1989)
GB/T 16927.1-2011 High Voltage Test Techniques - Part 1: General Definitions and Test Requirements (IEC 60060-1:2010, MOD)
GB/T 28565-2012 High-voltage Alternating-current Series Capacitor By-pass Switches (IEC 62271-109:2008, MOD)
GB/T 29489-2013 Inductive Load Switching for High-voltage Alternating Current Switchgear and Controlgear (IEC 62271-110:2009, MOD)
GB/T 30846-2014 High-voltage Alternating Current Circuit-breakers with Intentionally Non-simultaneous Pole Operation (IEC/TR 62271-302:2010, MOD)
DL/T 486-2010 High-Voltage Alternating-Current Disconnectors and Earthing Switches (IEC 62271-102:2002, MOD)
DL/T 506-2007 Method of humidity measurement of SF6 insulated gas in electrical equipment
DL/T 593-2016 Common specifications for high-voltage switchgear and controlgear standards (IEC 62271-1:2007, MOD)
DL/T 690-2013 Synthetic Testing of High-voltage Alternating Current Circuit-breakers (IEC 62271-101: 2006, MOD)
IEC 62271-310: 2004 High-voltage switchgear and controlgear-Part 310: Electrical endurance testing for circuit-breakers above a rated voltage of 72.5kV
IEC 62271-303: 2008 High-voltage switchgear and controlgear-Part 303: Use and handiling of sulphur hexafluoride(SF6)
2 Normal and Special Service Conditions
Chapter 2 of DL/T 593-2016 is applicable.
3 Terminologies and Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terminologies and definitions of GB/T 2900.20-2016 and DL/T 593-2016 apply. Some terminologies and definitions of GB/T 2900.20-2016 and DL/T 593-2016 are recalled here for ease of reference, and the new added definitions are classified.
3.1 General terminologies
3.1.101
Switchgear and controlgear
The generic term for the combination of switch and relevant control, measuring, protective and regulating equipment as well as the general assembly of these devices and equipment and the enclosures and support members of relevant electrical connecting auxiliaries.
3.1.102
Indoor switchgear and controlgear
switchgear and controlgear designed to be installed only in buildings or other shelters where they can be protected from the effects of wind, rain, snow, abnormal dust illuviation, abnormal condensation, ice, hoar frost, etc.
3.1.103
Outdoor switchgear and controlgear
switchgear and controlgear suitable for outdoor installation, which means they can withstand the effects of wind, rain, snow, illuvial dust, condensation, ice, hoar frost, etc.
3.1.104
Short-circuit current
[3.7 of GB/T 2900.20-2016]
3.1.105
Isolated neutral system
[601-02-24 of GB/T 2900.50-2008]
3.1.106
Solidly earthed (neutral) system
[601-02-25 of GB/T 2900.50-2008]
3.1.107
Impedance earthed (neutral) system
[601-02-26 of GB/T 2900.50-2008]
3.1.108
Resonant earthed (neutral) system
Arc-suppression-coil-earth (neutral) system
[601-02-27 of GB/T 2900.50-2008]
3.1.109
Earth fault factor
Ratio, at a selected location of a three-phase system (generally the point of installation of an equipment) and for a given system configuration, of the highest r.m.s. phase-to-earth power-frequency voltage on a sound phase during a fault to earth (affecting one or more phases at any point) to the r.m.s. phase-to-earth power-frequency voltage which would be obtained at the selected location without the fault.
Note 1: This factor is a pure numerical ratio (generally higher than 1) and characterizes in general terms the earthing conditions of a system as viewed from the stated location, independently of the actual operating values of the voltage at that location. The "earth fault factor" is the product of and the "factor of earthing" which has been used in the past.
Note 2: The earth fault factors are calculated from the phase-sequence impedance components of the system, as viewed from the selected location, using for any rotating machines the subtransient reactance.
Note 3: If, for all credible system configurations, the zero-sequence reactance is less than three times the positive sequence reactance and if the zero-sequence resistance does not exceed the positive sequence reactance, the earth fault factor will not exceed 1.4.
3.1.110
Ambient air temperature
[3.13 of GB/T 2900.20-2016]
3.1.111
Temperature rise (of a part of a circuit-breaker)
Difference between the temperature of the part and the ambient air temperature.
3.1.112
Single capacitor bank
Bank of shunt capacitors in which the inrush current is limited by the inductance of the supply system and the capacitance of the bank of capacitors being energized, there being no other capacitors connected in parallel to the system sufficiently close to increase the inrush current appreciably.
3.1.113
Multiple (parallel) capacitor bank
Back-to-back capacitor bank
Bank of shunt capacitors or capacitor assemblies each of them switched independently to the supply system, the inrush current of one unit being appreciably increased by the capacitors already connected to the supply.
3.1.114
Overvoltage (in a system)
Any voltage between one phase and earth or between phases having a peak value or values exceeding the corresponding peak of the highest voltage for equipment.
[604-03-09 of GB/T 2900.57-2008, modified]
3.1.115
Out-of-phase conditions
Abnormal circuit conditions of loss or lack of synchronism between the parts of an electrical system on either side of a circuit-breaker in which, at the instant of operation of the circuit-breaker, the phase angle between rotating vectors, representing the generated voltages on either side, exceeds the normal value.
Note: The requirements of this standard cater for the great majority of applications of circuit-breakers intended for switching during out-of-phase conditions. Out-of-phase angles corresponding to the specified power frequency recovery voltages are given in 6.110.3. For extreme service conditions see 8.103.3.
3.1.116
Out-of-phase (as prefix to a characteristic quantity)
Qualifying term indicating that the characteristic quantity is applicable to operation of the circuit-breaker in out-of-phase conditions.
3.1.117
Unit test
Test made on a making or breaking unit or group of units at the making current or the breaking current, specified for the test on the complete pole of a circuit-breaker and at the appropriate fraction of the applied voltage, or the recovery voltage, specified for the test on the complete pole of the circuit-breaker.
3.1.118
Loop
Part of the wave of the current embraced by two successive current zero crossings.
Note: A distinction is made between a major loop and a minor loop depending on the time interval between two successive current zero crossings being longer or shorter than the half-period of the alternating component of the current.
3.1.119
Short-line fault; SLF
Short-circuit on an overhead line at a short, but significant, distance from the terminals of the circuit-breaker.
Note: As a rule this distance is not more than a few kilometres.
3.1.120
Power factor (of a circuit)
Ratio of the resistance to the impedance at power frequency of an equivalent circuit supposed to be formed by an inductance and a resistance in series.
3.1.121
External insulation
Distances in air and the surfaces in contact with open air of solid insulation of the equipment, which are subject to dielectric stresses and to the effects of atmospheric and other external conditions such as pollution, humidity, vermin, etc.
[604-03-02 of GB/T 2900.57-2008]
3.1.122
Internal insulation
Internal solid, liquid or gaseous parts of the insulation of equipment, which are protected from the effects of atmospheric and other external conditions.
[604-03-03 of GB/T 2900.57-2008]
3.1.123
Self-restoring insulation
Insulation which completely recovers its insulating properties after a disruptive discharge.
Contents
Foreword i
1 General
1.1 Scope
1.2 Normative references
2 Normal and Special Service Conditions
3 Terminologies and Definitions
4 Ratings
4.1 Overview
4.2 Rated Voltage (Ur)
4.3 Rated Insulation Level
4.4 Rated Frequency (fr)
4.5 Rated normal Current and Temperature Rise
4.6 Rated Short-time Withstand Current (Ik)
4.7 Rated Peak Withstand Current (Ip)
4.8 Rated Duration of Short Circuit (tk)
4.9 Rated Supply Voltage of Closing and Opening Devices and of Auxiliary and Control Circuits (Ua)
4.10 Rated Supply Frequency of Closing and Opening Devices and Auxiliary Circuits
4.11 Rated Pressures of Compressed Gas Supply for Insulation, Operation and/or Interruption
4.101 Rated Short-circuit Breaking Current (Isc)
4.102 Transient recovery voltage related to the rated short-circuit breaking current
4.103 Rated Short-circuit Making Current
4.104 Rated Operating Sequence
4.105 Characteristics for Short-line Faults
4.106 Rated Out-of-phase Making and Breaking Current
4.107 Rated Capacitive Switching Currents
4.108 Inductive Load Switching Current
4.109 Rated Time Quantities
4.110 Number of mechanical operations
4.111 Classification of Circuit-breakers as a Function of Electrical Endurance
5 Design and Construction
5.1 Requirements for Liquids in Circuit-breakers
5.2 Requirements for Gases in Circuit-breakers
5.3 Earthing of Circuit-breakers
5.4 Auxiliary and Control Equipment
5.5 Dependent Power Closing
5.6 Stored Energy Closing
5.7 Independent Manual Operation
5.8 Operation of Releases
5.9 Low- and High-pressure Interlocking and monitoring Devices
5.10 Nameplates
5.11 Interlocking Devices
5.12 Position Indication
5.13 Degrees of Protection by Enclosures
5.14 Creepage Distances
5.15 Gas and Vacuum Tightness
5.16 Liquid Tightness
5.17 Fire Hazard (Flammability)
5.18 Electromagnetic Compatibility(EMC)
5.19 X-ray Emission
5.20 Corrosion
5.101 Requirements for simultaneity of poles during single closing and single opening operations
5.102 General Requirement for Operation
5.103 Pressure Limits of Fluids for Operation
5.104 Vent Outlets
5.105 Other Requirements
6 Type Test
6.1 General
6.2 Insulation Tests
6.3 Radio Interference Voltage (r.i.v.) Tests
6.4 Measurement of the Resistance of the Main Circuit
6.5 Temperature-rise Tests
6.6 Short-time Withstand Current and Peak Withstand Current Tests
6.7 Verification of the Degree of Protection
6.8 Tightness Tests
6.9 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Tests
6.10 Additional Tests on Auxiliary and Control Circuits
6.11 Test Procedure of X-ray of Vacuum Interrupters
6.101 Mechanical and Environmental Tests
6.102 Miscellaneous Provisions for Making and Breaking Tests
6.103 Test Circuits for Short Circuit Making and Breaking Tests
6.104 Short-circuit Test Parameters
6.105 Short-circuit Test Procedure
6.106 Basic Short-circuit Test-duties
6.107 Critical Current Tests
6.108 Single-phase and Double-earth Fault Tests
6.109 Short-line Fault Tests
6.110 Out-of-phase Making and Breaking Tests
6.111 Capacitive Current Switching Tests
6.112 Special Requirements for Making and Breaking Tests on Circuit-breakers Class E
7 Routine Tests
7.1 General
7.2 Dielectric Test on the Main Circuit
7.3 Tests on Auxiliary and Control Circuits
7.4 Measurement of the Resistance of the Main Circuit
7.5 Tightness Test
7.6 Design and Visual Checks
7.7 Mechanical Operating and Mechanical CharacteristicTests
7.7 Humidity Test of SF6 Gas
8 Guidance to the Selection of Circuit-breakers for Service
8.101 General
8.102 Selection of Rated Values for Service Conditions
8.103 Selection of Rated Values for Fault Conditions
8.104 Selection for Electrical Endurance
8.105 Selection for Capacitive Current Switching
9 Information to Be Given with Enquiries, Tenders and Orders
9.101 Information to Be Given with Enquiries and Orders
9.102 Information to Be Given with Tenders
10 Rules for Transport, Storage, Installation, Operation and Maintenance
10.1 General
10.2 Conditions during Transport, Storage and Installation
10.3 Installation
10.4 Operation
10.5 Maintenance
11 Safety
12 Influence of the Product on the Environment
Appendix A (Normative) Calculation of Transient Recovery Voltages for Short-line Faults from Rated Characteristics
Appendix B (Normative) Tolerances on Test Quantities during Type Tests
Appendix C (Informative) Records and Reports of Type Tests
Appendix D (Normative) Determination of Short-circuit Power Factor
Appendix E (Informative) Method of Drawing the Envelope of The Prospective Transient Recovery Voltage of a Circuit and Determining the Representative Parameters
Appendix F (Normative) Methods of Determining Prospective Transient Recovery Voltage Waves
Appendix G (Informative) Rationale Behind Introduction of Circuit-breakers Class E
Appendix H (Informative) Inrush Currents of Single and Back-to-back Capacitor Banks
Appendix I (Informative) Explanatory Notes
Appendix J (Informative) Test Current and Line Length Tolerances for Short-line Fault Testing
Appendix K (Informative) List of Symbols and Abbreviations Used in This Standard
Appendix L (Informative) Explanatory Notes on the Revision of TRVs for Circuit-breakers of Rated Voltages Higher than 1 kV and Less than 100 kV
Appendix M (Normative) Requirements for Breaking of Transformer-limited Faults by Circuit-breakers with Rated Voltage Equal to or Higher than 3.6 kV and Less than 126 kV
Appendix N (Normative) Use of Mechanical Characteristics and Related Requirements
Appendix O (Informative) Guidance for Short-circuit and Switching Test Procedures for Metal-enclosed and Dead Tank Circuit-breakers
Appendix P (Normative) Calculation of the TRV Parameters During Asymmetrical Fault Condition (T100a)
Appendix Q (Informative) Examples for the Application of the Asymmetry Criteria During Asymmetrical Test-Duty T100a
Appendix R (Normative) Requirements for Circuit-breakers with Opening Resistor
Appendix S (Informative) Technical Differences between This Standard and IEC 62271-100:2008 and Their Reasons
Appendix T (Informative) Comparison between Chapter and Article Numbers of This Standard and Those of IEC 62271-100:
Bibliography
