1. General Provisions
1.0.1 This specification is formulated with a view to implement the guidelines of "meticulous construction, quality first" and ensure the quality for the construction of the asphalt pavement
1.0.2 This specification is applicable to newly-build and reconstructed road asphalt pavement project of all grades.
1.0.3 Asphalt pavement construction must comply with the national environment and ecology protection provisions.
1.0.4 Asphalt pavement construction must be provided with construction design and ensured with rational construction period. The asphalt pavement shall not be constructed on condition that the air temperature is less than 10℃ (highway and arterial road), or 5℃ (other highways), and on occasions of rain day and pavement humidity.
1.0.5 Asphalt pavement should be constructed continuously to avoid cross interference with other procedures which is likely to pollute the asphalt layers, so as to put an end to the construction and transportation pollution.
1.0.6 Asphalt pavement construction shall comply with the requirements of highway traffic condition and project-based climatic conditions; the climate partition is carried out by that shown in Appendix A.
1.0.7 Asphalt pavement construction shall be with good labor protection, so as to ensure construction safety. Asphalt mixing plant is equipped with fire-prevention facilities. Smoking or lighting fires strictly forbid in the overall process for the preparation and commission of liquefied petrolatum asphalt. When using coal pitch, the measures shall be taken to prevent staff inhaling coal pitch steam or avoid skin direct contacting with coal pitch which may cause physical damage.
1.0.8 Asphalt pavement test laboratories shall be certified and with appropriate qualification; the testing personnel shall be certificated, and the instruments and equipments must be accredited.
1.0.9 Asphalt pavement construction shall actively use the tested and practice-effective new technologies, new materials, and new techniques.
1.0.10 The asphalt pavement construction shall not only comply with those specified in this Code, but shall also comply with relevant national current standards and codes. Asphalt pavement construction of special geological conditions and areas shall formulate supplementary provisions in accordance with actual conditions. Provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, or construction units may formulate corresponding technical guidelines according to specific circumstances, but the technical requirements should not be lower than those specified in this specification.
2. Terminologies, Symbols and Codes
2.1 Terminologies
2.1.1 Asphalt binder, asphalt cement
Generic terms of the asphalt materials for binding in the asphalt mixture (including added adjusting agent and modifier)
2.1.2 Emulsified bitumen (U.K.), asphalt emulsion, emulsified asphalt (U.S.)
Even asphaltic products emulsified by petroleum asphalt and water under the role of emulsifying agent and stabilizer, it is also known as asphalt emulsion.
2.1.3 Liquid bitumen (U.K.), cutback asphalt (U.S.)
Asphaltic products obtained by diluting the petroleum asphalt with gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil and other solvents, it is also known as cutback bitumen or cut-back asphalt
2.1.4 Modified asphalt (U.K.), modified asphalt cement (U.S.)
The asphalt binder made for improving the property of asphalt or asphalt mixture by adding rubber, resin, polymers, natural asphalt, ground rubber powder and adjusting agents (modifiers) with other materials
2.1.5 Modified emulsified bitumen (U.K.), modified asphalt emulsion (U.S.)
In the production process of emulsified asphalt, the emulsified asphalt products obtained by adding polymer lattices, or mix the polymer lattices and emulsified asphalt products, or emulsify the polymer modified asphalt
2.1.6 Natural bitumen (U.K.), natural asphalt (U.S.)
Petroleum asphalt existent in native state formed of petroleum under long-term crust extruding and variation, and contact with air and water and changed gradually, of which, it is always mixed with a certain percentage of minerals. According to the formed environment, it is divided into lake asphalt, rock asphalt, seabed asphalt, oil shale.
2.1.7 Prime coat
To make asphalt surface course bind well with the non-asphalt material, liquefied petrolatum asphalt, the thin layer in a certain depth will be formed by emulsified asphalt, coal pitch is sprayed on the base, which penetrates into the surface of the base
2.1.8 Tack coat
Asphalt material thin layer sprayed to strengthen the adhesive bonding between the asphalt base and asphalt layer, and between the asphalt layer and cement concrete pavement
2.1.9 Seal coat
Thin asphalt mixture layer with a certain thickness paved on the asphalt surface course or base to seal the gap on the surface and prevent water intruding. That paved on the asphalt surface course surface is called upper seal coat, while that paved under the asphalt surface course and on the base surface is called lower seal coat.
2.1.10 Slurry seal
Asphalt seal coat formed by paving the flowing asphalt mixture mixed by the tailing, sand, filling (cement, lime, fly ash, rock flour) in a certain grade with the emulsified asphalt, adjusting agent and water to a scale on the pavement evenly
2.1.11 Micro-surfacing
Asphalt seal coat formed by paving the flowing asphalt mixture mixed by the tailing, sand, filling (cement, lime, fly ash, rock flour) in a certain grade with the polymer emulsified asphalt, adjusting agent and water to a scale on the pavement evenly
2.1.12 Bituminous mixtures (U.K.) and asphalt (U.S.)
The generic terms for the mixtures mixed by mineral aggregate and asphalt binder. It is divided into continuous grading and gap graded mix according to material composition and structure; and it is divided into dense-graded, half-open-graded and open-graded mixtures according to mineral aggregate gradation composition and voidage. It is divided into extra-coarse-graded (nominal maximum aggregate size is equal to or greater than 31.5mm), coarse-graded (nominal maximum aggregate size is 26.5mm), coarse-grained type (nominal, medium-graded (nominal maximum aggregate size is 16 or 19mm), fine-graded (nominal maximum aggregate size is 9.5 or 13.2mm) and sand-grade (nominal maximum aggregate size is less than 9.5mm) asphalt mixtures according to nominal maximum aggregate size. It is divided into hot-mixed asphalt mixture; cold-mix asphalt mixture; recycled asphalt mixtures according to manufacturing processes
2.1.13 Dense-graded bituminous mixtures (U.K.) and dense-graded asphalt mixtures (U.S.)
Dense asphalt concrete mixtures (denoted by AC) and dense asphalt treated base mixtures (denoted by ATB) formed by mineral aggregates with various grain sizes designed and composed according to dense grading principle, mixed with asphalt binder, and with small design voidage (may be appropriately adjusted by different transportation, weather conditions and coats). It is divided into fine and coarse dense-graded asphalt mixtures according to different critical mesh passing rate. That with better coarse aggregate embedded action is also known as dense asphalt mixtures
2.1.14 Open-graded bituminous paving mixtures (U.K.), open graded asphalt mixtures (U.S.)
Mineral aggregate grades mainly consist of coarse aggregate compaction, mixtures that with less fine aggregate and filling and with design voidage of 18%
2.1.15 Half (semi)-open-graded bituminous paving mixtures (U.K.)
Semi-open type bituminous paving mixtures (denoted by AM) mixed by proper proportion of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, a small amount of filler (with or without filler) and asphalt binder, through the Marshall standard compaction molding samples, the residual voidage is within 6%~12%
2.1.16 Gap-graded bituminous paving mixtures (U.K.), gap-graded asphalt mixtures (U.S.)
Asphalt mixture formed by mineral aggregate gradation composition lacking one or several grades (with less consumption)
2.1.17 Bituminous stabilization aggregate paving mixtures (U.K.), asphalt-treated permeable base (U.S.) (asphalt macadam for short)
Mixtures composed of mineral aggregate and asphalt with a certain grading requirements, it is divided into asphalt treated base (ATB), asphalt treated permeable base (OGFC surface coat and ATPB base), half (semi)-open-graded bituminous paving (AM) according to voidage, maximum grain size of aggregate and added powdered ore quantity.
2.1.18 Stone mastic asphalt (U.K.), stone matrix asphalt (U.S.)
Asphalt mastic composed of asphalt binder, a small amount of fiber stabilizer, fine aggregate and abundant filler (powdered ore), which is filling in the gap-graded coarse aggregate framework, forming one asphalt mixture, SMA for short.
2.2 Symbol and code
Symbols, codes and significances of this specification see table 2.2.
Table 2.2 Symbols and Codes
SN Symbols or codes Significance
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3
2.2.4
2.2.5
2.2.6
2.2.7
2.2.8
2.2.9
2.2.10
2.2.11
2.2.12
2.2.13
2.2.14
2.2.15
2.2.16
2.2.17
2.2.18
2.2.19
2.2.20
2.2.21
2.2.22
2.2.23
2.2.24
2.2.25
2.2.26
2.2.27
2.2.28
2.2.29
2.2.30
2.2.31 A
T
PC
BC
PA
BA
AL (R)
AL (M)
AL (S)
HMA
AC
SMA
OGFC
ATB
ATPB
AM
ES
OAC
MS
FL
γse
γsb
γsa
Pa
Pb
Pbe
C
γb
γt
DP
VV Road petroleum asphalt
Road coal pitch
Spraying cationic emulsified asphalt
Intermixed cationic emulsified asphalt
Spraying anionic emulsified asphalt
Intermixed anionic emulsified asphalt
Rapid setting liquefied petrolatum asphalt
Medium-curing liquefied petrolatum asphalt
Slow setting liquefied petrolatum asphalt
Hot mix asphalt
Dense-graded asphalt concrete mixtures, divided into coarse and fine types
Short for stone matrix asphalt (or stone mastic asphalt)
Macro-pore open-graded drainage asphalt friction course, such as the abbreviation for European PFC (Porous friction course), PEM (porous European mixes), the United States and Japanese OGFC (Open-graded Friction Courses)
Dense-graded asphalt-treated permeable base
Drainage asphalt-treated permeable base paved at the bottom of the asphalt layer
Half-open-graded asphalt-treated permeable base
Emulsified asphalt diluted seal coat asphalt mixtures
Abbreviation for Optimum Asphalt Content
Marshall stability
Marshall test flow value
Effective relative density of composite mineral aggregate in the asphalt mixtures
Relative density of composite bulk mineral aggregate volume in the asphalt mixtures
Relative density of composite mineral aggregate apparent in asphalt mixtures
Oil-stone ratio of asphalt mixture
Asphalt content in asphalt mixture
Effective asphalt content in asphalt mixtures
Asphalt absorption coefficient of aggregate
Asphalt relative density
Maximum relative density of asphalt mixtures
Powder-adhesion ratio of asphalt mixture (ratio of 0.075mm passing rate to the effective asphalt content)
The abbreviation for volume of air voids, that is the gap volume percentage out of mineral aggregate and asphalt (excluding void in the mineral aggregate) accounting for the total sample volume
SN Symbols or codes Significance
2.2.32
2.2.33
2.2.34
2.2.35
2.2.36
2.2.37
2.2.38
2.2.39
2.2.40
2.2.41
2.2.42
2.2.43
2.2.44
2.2.45
2.2.46
2.2.47
2.2.48
2.2.49
2.2.50
2.2.51
2.2.52
2.2.53
2.2.54
2.2.55
2.2.56
2.2.57 VMA
VFA
VCA
VCAmix
VCADRC
DS
EVT
COC
TOC
PSV
FB (BPN)
TFOT
RTFOT
PI
CL
UCL
LCL
QC/QA
PMB (or PMA)
CR
EVA
PE
LDPE
SBR
SBS
Superpave™ The abbreviation for voids in mineral aggregate, that is the volume percentage out of all mineral aggregate part accounting for the total sample volume
The abbreviation for voids filled with asphalt, that is the effective asphalt binder volume percentage except aggregate absorbing asphalt in the sample mineral aggregate gap accounting for the VMA
The abbreviation for percent air voids in coarse aggregate
The abbreviation for voids in coarse aggregate of asphalt mix, that is the volume percentage out of coarse aggregate framework part accounting for voids in mineral aggregate
The abbreviation of voids in coarse aggregate
The abbreviation of dynamic stability
The abbreviation of equi-viscous temperature
The abbreviation of Cleveland Open-Cup Method
The abbreviation of Tag Open-Cup Method
The abbreviation of polished stone valve
The abbreviation of British Pendulum (Tester) Number, in unit of BPN
The abbreviation of Thin Film Oven Test
The abbreviation of Rolling Thin Film Oven Test
The abbreviation of Penetration Index
Average value of quality index on the dynamic quality management figure
Upper limit value of quality control on the dynamic quality management figure
Upper limit value of quality control on the dynamic quality management figure
Quality control, quality assurance and construction quality management system
The abbreviation of Polymer Modified Bitumen (or Asphalt)
The abbreviation of Poly-chloroprene
The abbreviation of Ethyl-Vinyl-Acetate
The abbreviation of Polyethylene
The abbreviation of Low Density Polyethylene
The abbreviation of Styrene-Butadiene-Rubber
The abbreviation of Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene Block Copolymer
The abbreviation of login name of U.S. SHRP (Stratebic Highway Research Program) Superior Performing Asphalt Pavements
SN Symbols or codes Significance
2.2.58
2.2.59
2.2.60 PG
SGC
GTM The abbreviation of Performance Graded for U.S. bituminous road
The abbreviation of Superpave Gyratory Compactor
The abbreviation of Gyratory Testing machine of United States Corps of Engineers, for asphalt mixture mix design
3. Base
3.0.1 Before the asphalt surface course construction, it shall inspect the base; those with undesirable base quality shall not be paved with asphalt surface course.
3.0.2 Newly-build asphalt pavement base selects asphalt treated base, asphalt penetration-style, graded gravel, graded grit gravel flexible base; semi-rigid base of cement stabilized soil, aggregate, lime and fly ash stabilized soil or aggregate; roller compacted cement concrete, lean concrete and other rigid base; composite base with flexible base on top and semi-rigid base at the bottom according to the requirements of structure combinational design.
1. General Provisions
2. Terminologies, Symbols and Codes
2.1 Terminologies
2.2 Symbol and code
3. Base
4. Materials
4.1 General rules
4.2 Road petroleum asphalt
4.3 Emulsified asphalt
4.4 Liquefied petrolatum asphalt
4.5 Coal pitch
4.6 Modified asphalt cement
4.7 Modified emulsified asphalt
4.8 Coarse aggregate
4.9 Fine aggregate
4.10 Filler
4.11 Fiber stabilizer
5. Hot Mix Asphalt Pavement
5.1 General rules
5.2 Preparation of construction
5.3 Mix design
5.4 Mixing of Mixtures
5.5 Transportation of mixtures
5.6 Spreading of mixtures
5.7 Compaction and molding of bituminous pavement
5.8 Joining
5.9 Traffic-open and others
6. Top Dressing and Seal Coat
6.1 General rules
6.2 Top dressing with layering
6.3 Upper seal coat
6.4 Lower seal coat
6.5 Slurry seal and micro-surfacing
7. Asphalt Penetrated Pavement
7.1 General rules
7.2 Materials specification and usage
7.3 Construction preparation
7.4 Construction method
8. Pavement of Cold-mix Asphalt Mixtures
8.1 General rules
8.2 Mix design of cold-mix asphalt mixtures
8.3 Construction for pavement of cold-mix asphalt mixtures
8.4 Cold patch asphalt mixture
9. Prime Coat and Tack Coat
9.1 Prime coat
9.2 Tack coat
10 Other Asphalt Pavement Engineering
10.1 General Provisions
10.2 Sidewalks and non-motorized roads
10.3 Heavy vehicle Parks and bus stops
10.4 Asphalt pavement over cement concrete bridge deck
10.5 Steel deck pavement
10.6 Asphalt pavement in highway tunnel
10.7 Stone curb and intercepting water curb
11 Management, Examination and Acceptance Inspection of Installation Quality
11.1 General provisions
11.2 Material and equipment inspection before construction
11.3 Trial pavement section
11.4 Quality control and examination during the construction process
11.5 Inspection and acceptance check on the engineering quality at acceptance phase
11.6 Construction summary and quality assurance period management of engineering
Appendix A Climate Regions for Service Performance of Asphalt Pavement
Appendix B Mix Proportion Design Method of Hot-mix Asphalt Mixture
Appendix C SMA Mixtures Mix Design Method
Appendix D OGFC Mixtures Mix Design Method
Appendix E Evaluation Method for the Compaction Degree of Asphalt Layer
Appendix F Dynamic Management Method for Construction Quality
Appendix G Quality Process Control and Total Amount Inspection Method for Asphalt Pavement
Appendix H Explanation of Wording in this Code
