Bibliography 6
Foreword
This document is drafted in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 1.1202 "Guidelines for Standardization Work Part 1: Structure and Drafting Rules of Standardization Documents".
This document replaces GB/T 15613.1-2008 "Acceptance Test of Hydraulic Turbine, Accumulator Pump and Pump Hydraulic Turbine Model Part I; General Provisions" GB/T 15613.2-2008 "Acceptance Test of Hydraulic Turbine, Accumulator Pump and Pump Hydraulic Turbine Model Part II: General Hydraulic Performance Test" GB/T 15613.3-2008 "Acceptance Test of Hydraulic Turbine, Accumulator Pump and Pump" and GB/T 15613.3-2008 "Acceptance Test of Hydraulic Turbine, Accumulator Pump and Pump Acceptance Test of Hydraulic Turbine Model Part III: Auxiliary Performance Test" and GB/T 10969-2008 "Technical Conditions of Hydraulic Turbine, Accumulator Pump and Pump Hydraulic Turbine Flux Components", compared with GB/T 15613,1-2008, GB/T 15613.2-2008, GB/T 15613.3-2008 and GB/T 10969-2008, except for structural adjustment and editorial changes. In addition to structural adjustment and editorial changes, the main technical changes are as follows.
Changed the definition of cavitation coefficient (see 3.4.7, 3.3.6 in GB/T 15613.1-2008); a)
Changed pressure pulsation nomenclature and analysis method (see 3.4.11, 3.3.10 in GB/T 15613.1-2008): b)
c) Changes to the model and prototype dimensional inspection methods and inspection tools (see 5.2.1, 5.2,3, 5.2.4, 5.2.5 and 5.2.7, 4.1, 4.2 and 4.5 in GB/T 10969-2008).
d) Increased accuracy requirements for dimensional checks due to new technology (see 5.2.8).
e) Combined and simplified the dimensional checklist (see 5,2.10, 4.7.1.6, 4.7.2.3 and 4.7.3.5 in GB/T 10969-2008); d) Changed the requirements for prototype waviness (see 5.2.11.2, 4.8.2 in GB/T 10969-2008).
Changed the measurement method of roughness (see 5.2.11.3, 4.8.1 in C2/T 10969 I-2008); Changed the measurement method/reference of gas core content in cavitation test (see 5.7.3.2.2, h)5.5.3.2 in GB/T 15613.1-2008).
Changed the flow measurement method (see 6.2, 5.2 in CB/T 15613.2 I 2008);2
Added requirement for accurate measurement of model pressure pulsation analysis time (see 7.2.1.2.4).
k) Changed the method of converting model pressure pulsation measurements to prototypes (see 7.2.2.8, 5.1.7 in GB/T 15613.3-2008).
5.1.7 of GB/T 15613.3-2008).
The conversion method for radial thrust has been changed (see 7.3, 5.3.3 in GB/T 15613.3-2008);1
m) Changed the hydraulic load test of control components (see 7.4, 5.4 in GB/T 15613.3-2008).
Changed the test method in the extended operation range (see 7.5, 5.5 in GB/T 15613.3-2008): n )
Changes to the index test (see 7.6, 5.6 in GB/T 15613.3-2008); 0 Addition of a new hydraulic performance conversion method covered by IEC 62097:2019 (see Appendix E).
1 Scope
This document applies to impact and recoil type hydraulic turbines, accumulator pumps and pump turbines tested under laboratory conditions. This document applies to models corresponding to prototypes with unit power greater than 5 MW or nominal diameter greater than 3 m. It is generally not appropriate to apply the procedures specified in this document exclusively to turbines with smaller unit powers or nominal diameters. However, if both the supplier and the customer agree, it is possible to refer to this type of hydraulic machinery.
In this document, the term "turbine" includes water pump turbines operating in the turbine mode, and the term "water pump" includes water pump turbines operating in the pump mode.
Except for matters related to testing, this document does not cover matters of purely commercial interest.
As long as the structure or components of the machinery do not affect the performance of the model or the interrelationship between the model and the prototype, then this document does not cover either the detailed structure of the hydraulic machinery or the mechanical performance of the hydraulic machinery components.
This document specifies the matters related to the model acceptance tests to verify that the main hydraulic performance of the turbine, storage pump and pump turbine meets the contract guarantee values (see 4.2).
If you disagree with any of the steps of the tests, you may refer to this document, which contains the rules guiding the conduct of the tests and describes the measurement methods to be adopted.
The main purpose of this document is.
A definition of the terms and parameters used.
To determine the hydraulic performance of the model, specify the test method and the measurement parameters involved.
-Provide the calculation method of the results and the comparison method with the guaranteed value.
Determine whether the contract guarantee values are met within the limits specified in this document.
Define the scope, content and structure of the final report.
Guaranteed values can be given in one of the following ways.
Guaranteed values for the hydraulic performance of the prototype, calculated from the model test results taking into account the scale effect; guaranteed values for the hydraulic performance of the model.
In addition, some auxiliary performance data need to be determined for the design or operation of the turbine prototype (see 4.4). Unlike the main hydraulic performance requirements in Chapters 4 to 6, the information on auxiliary performance data given in Chapter 7 is only of a recommendatory or guidance nature for the user (see 7.1).
If the expected conditions of the field acceptance test (see GB/T 20043-2005) cannot verify the guaranteed value of the prototype, it is more recommended to conduct model acceptance tests.
2 Normative reference documents
The contents of the following documents constitute the essential provisions of this document through the normative references in the text. Among them, note the date of the reference document, only the date of the corresponding version applies to this document; do not note the date of the reference document, its latest version (including all the revision of the list) applies to this document.
GB/T 3505-2009 Product Geometry Technical Specification (GPS) Surface Structure Profile Method Terminology, Definitions and Surface Structure Parameters (ISO 4287:1997, IDT)
ISO 2186 Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits-Connections for pressure signal transmissions between primary and secondaryelements)
Note:GB/T 26801-2011 Fluidflow in closed conduits-Connections for pressure signal transmissions between primary and secondaryaryelements (ISO 2186:2007.1DT)
ISO 2533 Standard atmosphere (Standard atmosphere)
ISO 4185 Measurement of flow of fluids in closed pipes Weighing method
3 Terms and definitions, symbols and units
3.1 General rules
The following general terms and definitions will be used in this document. Special terms will be explained where they appear.
Terms, definitions or units of measure that are in disagreement should be clarified by both the supply and demand sides prior to the test.
3.2 General Terms
3.2.1
Test point
Without changing the operating conditions and settings, consists of one or more consecutive sets of readings and/or records, which are sufficient to calculate the performance of the hydraulic machinery under the operating conditions and settings.
3.3 Units
This document uses the International System of Units (SI, see ISO 80000-4).
All terms are expressed in SI basic units or related units derived therefrom". When these units are used, the basic equations are valid. When other units not related to SI are used for certain data, this also needs to be considered (e.g., kilowatts instead of watts for power, kilopascals or bars instead of bars for pressure, minutes instead of seconds for speed, etc.). Because the absolute temperature (expressed in Kelvin) is rarely used, the temperature is expressed in degrees Celsius.
Any other system of units may be used only if agreed to in writing by both the supplier and the customer.
3.4 Terminology, symbols and units
3.4.1 Terminology and definition summary table
4 hydraulic performance guarantee value of the nature and range
4.1 General rules
4.1.1 Design data and agreed values
The demander shall be responsible for the guaranteed values based on such as reference section, water level, hydraulic specific energy (see 3.4.7.1), hydraulic specific energy loss and other specified data. The demander shall also be responsible for the coordination of the plumbing, electrical and mechanical interactions of the hydroelectric power transmission system. At a minimum, the demander shall provide the following precise and sufficiently detailed data to the hydraulic machinery supplier.
4.2 Guaranteed values of the main hydraulic properties verified by model tests
4.2.1 Various types of hydraulic machinery to ensure the amount of
4.2.1.1 Power
The term "power" usually refers to the mechanical power of the runner/impeller (see 3.4.9.3). When guaranteeing the mechanical power of the prototype (see 3.4.9.2), the mechanical power loss of the prototype shall be taken into account (see 3.4.9.4).
4.2.1.2 Flow and/or specific energy
4.3 Model test can not verify the guaranteed value
4.3.1 Guarantee of cavitation
The amount of cavitation is only guaranteed on the prototype. The guaranteed values of the prototype shall be evaluated according to IEC 60609 (all parts). In the model test. Some potential areas of cavitation can be identified by visual observation (see 5.5.3.6)
5 Execution of the test
5.1 Requirements for the test bench and model
5.1.1 Choice of laboratory
Chinese standard
A laboratory that can meet the requirements of this document in terms of general arrangement, capacity and quality of instruments is desirable to be qualified. For the same project of different suppliers of models for comparative testing, it is appropriate to choose a neutral laboratory.
5.1.2 test bench
5.1.2.1 General characteristics of the test circuit
When the model cavitation phenomenon occurs, no other parts of the test circuit should occur to affect the stability or normal operation of the test bench or model performance measurement device cavitation phenomenon.
All entrained air bubbles in the model should not affect the performance of the measuring instrument. In particular, flow and pressure measuring devices.
Between the flow measurement instrument and the test model, there should be no external flow replenishment and internal flow leakage. These requirements should be easy to verify.
5.1.2.2 Test bench capacity
Test bench capabilities (such as power, pressure, hydraulic specific energy, flow and NPSE) should meet the requirements of the minimum size of the model and test conditions listed in 5.4.2.
Test bench operation should be stable and steady-state, without fluctuations or pulsation effects (see 5.4.3).
6 The main hydraulic properties of the measurement and calculation methods
6.1 Data acquisition and processing
6.1.1 Overview
Data acquisition and processing through the sensor, multiplexer, signal converter or signal conditioner, data memory and computer components of the measurement chain, the physical signal to be measured into the appropriate engineering quantities, the final output is the parameters expressed as meaningful performance data.
6.2 Flow measurement
6.2.1 General
In the hydraulic machinery flow channel and flow measurement equipment between the desirable no external flow complement and internal flow leakage. If other flows exist, they should be measured separately.
Model acceptance test during the flow measurement method is divided into the primary method and secondary method.
7 Auxiliary performance test I-measurement methods and results
7.1 Auxiliary test data measurement instructions
7.1.1 General rules
4.4 defined in the auxiliary performance test data (torque, force, pressure pulsation, etc.) can provide information for the design and operation of hydraulic machinery in hydropower plants. Therefore, the need for auxiliary performance data measurement, and to be specified.
Each operating point of hydraulic machinery, whether steady-state or transient, can be described by mechanical quantities and hydraulic forces (usually with oscillatory characteristics). Models usually operate in steady-state conditions, it is desirable to simulate the transient process of the prototype through the model, but its data can only be derived from a series of test data under steady-state conditions.
7.2.1 describes the data acquisition and processing requirements beyond those specified in 6.1.
Measurements of certain auxiliary performance data of the model are usually not required if they can be predicted with sufficient accuracy from similar hydraulic machinery (e.g., blade and guide vane moments, radial thrust, etc.). Measurement of auxiliary data should be determined in accordance with the technical outline (see 5.5.3.2). Hydraulic machinery should be considered as an integral part of the entire hydropower facility, it is appropriate to study the unstable operation of the hydraulic system caused by the inherent frequency excitation. 7.2.2 and 7.2.3 involves the relevant confirmation procedures.
For the structural design of the prototype, the hydraulic loads acting on the components of the prototype can be converted from the model test data using appropriate conversion laws. 7.3 and 7.4 describe the methods and test conditions for obtaining the average and dynamic components of the above hydraulic loads.
Start-up, shutdown and/or all condition changes will cause the unit to move away from the "normal" operating range into transient operating conditions. Therefore, in some cases, the hydraulic and mechanical correlations within this extended operating range should be investigated. 7.5 covers hydraulic performance measurements within the extended operating range (i.e., the four quadrant characteristics of the pump turbine).
Appendix A (informative) dimensionless terms
Appendix B (Normative) Physical Characteristics, Data
Appendix C (informative) Summary of test and calculation procedures
Appendix D (normative) Scale effect of hydraulic efficiency of impact machinery
Appendix E (informative) Comparison of GB/T 15613 and IEC 6209?.2019 on the conversion method of hydraulic efficiency of impact hydraulic machinery
Appendix F (normative) Calculation of prototype fly-away characteristics considering friction loss and wind loss of the unit
Appendix G (informative) Example of determining the smoothest curve: independent zone method
Appendix H (Informative) Example of error source analysis and uncertainty assessment
Appendix I (normative) Scale effect of hydraulic efficiency of bucket-type turbines
Appendix J (normative) Random error analysis of tests under constant operating conditions
Appendix K (normative) Calculation of cavitation system effect 0, for power plants
Appendix L (informative) Flow chart of hydraulic specific energy, flow and power
Appendix M (informative) Synchronous and asynchronous components of pressure signals
Appendix N (informative) Intrinsic frontal force of the hydraulic system
Appendix O (informative) Calculation of axial force components
Bibliography
Foreword
1 Scope
2 Normative reference documents
3 Terms and definitions, symbols and units
4 hydraulic performance guarantee value of the nature and range
5 Execution of the test
6 The main hydraulic properties of the measurement and calculation methods
7 Auxiliary performance test I-measurement methods and results
Appendix A (informative) dimensionless terms
Appendix B (Normative) Physical Characteristics, Data
Appendix C (informative) Summary of test and calculation procedures
Appendix D (normative) Scale effect of hydraulic efficiency of impact machinery
Appendix E (informative) Comparison of GB/T 15613 and IEC 6209?.2019 on the conversion method of hydraulic efficiency of impact hydraulic machinery
Appendix F (normative) Calculation of prototype fly-away characteristics considering friction loss and wind loss of the unit
Appendix G (informative) Example of determining the smoothest curve: independent zone method
Appendix H (Informative) Example of error source analysis and uncertainty assessment
Appendix I (normative) Scale effect of hydraulic efficiency of bucket-type turbines
Appendix J (normative) Random error analysis of tests under constant operating conditions
Appendix K (normative) Calculation of cavitation system effect 0, for power plants
Appendix L (informative) Flow chart of hydraulic specific energy, flow and power
Appendix M (informative) Synchronous and asynchronous components of pressure signals
Appendix N (informative) Intrinsic frontal force of the hydraulic system
Appendix O (informative) Calculation of axial force components
