Protective equipment for sports—Protective equipment for winter sports—Part 1:Safety requirements and testing methods for helmets of alpine skiers and snowboarders
Protective equipment for sports - Protective equipment for winter sports - Part 1: Safety requirements and testing methods for helmets of alpine skiers and snowboarders
1 Scope
This document specifies the safety requirements, marking and packaging, and requirements for product instructions in connection with helmets of alpine skiers and snowboarders, and describes the testing methods related to the safety requirements.
This document is applicable to the safety performance testing during the design, production and sale of helmets worn by alpine skiers and snowboarders (hereinafter referred to as "helmets").
2 Normative references
The following documents contain requirements which, through reference in this text, constitute indispensable requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 191-2008 Packaging - Pictorial marking for handling of goods
GB 18401-2010 National general safety technical code for textile products
GB 20400-2006 Leather and fur - Limit of harmful matter
GB 24429-2009 Sports helmets - Safety requirements and testing methods for sports helmets for cyclists and users of skateboards and roller skates
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB 24429-2009, as well as the following, apply.
3.1
helmets of alpine skiers and snowboarders
item to be worn on the head, intended to absorb the energy of a foreseeable impact, thus reducing the risk of injury to the head
3.2
shell
outer layer which provides part of the whole general form of the helmet
[Source: GB 24429-2009, 3.2]
3.3
retention system
complete assembly by means of which the helmet is maintained in position on the head, including any devices for adjustment of the system or strap to enhance the wearer's comfort
[Source: GB 24429-2009, 3.5]
3.3.1
strap
part of the retention system that passes under the wearer's chin to keep the helmet in position, excluding the chin padding
[Source: adapted from GB 24429-2009, 3.6]
3.3.2
chin buckle
device arranged near the chin to adjust the tightness of the strap
3.4
testing headform
benchmark model of the head built by simulating the appearance structure of human head using standard human body size
3.5
basic plane of the human head
plane at the level of the center of the external ear openings and the lower edge of the right (or left) eye socket
Note: See plane O-O' in Figure 1.
Key:
1——plane O-O’;
2——the center of the external ear openings;
3——the lower edge of the right (or left) eye socket.
Figure 1 Side view of the basic plane of the human head (O-O')
[Source: adapted from GB 24429-2009, 3.7]
3.6
basic plane of the testing headform
plane relative to the testing headform that corresponds to the basic plane of the human head
Note: As shown in Figure 2.
Dimensions in millimeters
Headform size a X Y
540 23±0.5 87±0.5
560 25±0.5 95±0.5
580 27±0.5 103±0.5
600 30±0.5 110±0.5
a The tolerance is ±1%.
Key:
1——reference plane of the testing headform;
2——basic plane of the testing headform;
X——the distance between the reference plane and basic plane of the testing headform;
Y——the distance from the reference plane of the testing headform to the top of the testing headform.
Figure 2 Reference plane and basic plane of the testing headform
3.7
reference plane of the testing headform
plane on the headform, with a distance (X) above and parallel to the basic plane of the testing headform, where such distance (X) is determined by the headform size
Note: See Figure 2.
3.8
headform size
length of the curve formed by the intersection of the reference plane and the outer surface of the headform, which can be divided into standard headforms in four sizes
Note: See Figure 2.
3.9
protection class
different helmet classes determined with reference to skiing venues and intensity
3.10
coverage area
minimum area on the corresponding testing headform wrapped by the helmet
Foreword i
Introduction ii
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Specification and classification
4.1 Specification
4.2 Classification
5 Safety requirements
5.1 Structure
5.2 Mass (including accessories)
5.3 Visual fields
5.4 Coverage area
5.5 Testing area
5.6 Stability of the retention system
5.7 Strength performance of the retention system
5.8 Impact energy absorption performance
5.9 Puncture resistance
5.10 Safety performance of textile components
5.11 Safety performance of leather components
6 Testing methods
6.1 Conditioning
6.2 Structure inspection
6.3 Mass inspection
6.4 Inspection for visual field
6.5 Inspection for coverage area
6.6 Inspection for testing area
6.7 Stability test of the retention system
6.8 Strength performance test of the retention system
6.9 Impact energy absorption performance test
6.10 Puncture resistance test
6.11 Safety performance test of textile components
6.12 Safety performance test of leather components
7 Marking, packaging and product instructions
7.1 Marking
7.2 Packaging
7.3 Product instructions
Bibliography
引言
滑雪运动护具标准的制定,是为了给滑雪运动护具建立一套技术依据及评价准则,为冰雪运动护具从生产材料选择、产品设计、产品生产销售等方面提供技术支撑。GB/T 41526通过六个部分明确了滑雪运动护具的类型分类,厘清了相关要素和规则,让生产者、使用者及试验相关人员能够更加清晰、准确地进行操作,从而设计、制造高质量的滑雪运动护具,更好地促进贸易、交流和技术合作。
GB/T 41526拟由六个部分构成。
——第1部分:滑雪运动头盔的安全要求和试验方法。目的在于确立适用于滑雪运动头盔的生产、试验等安全方面遵守的技术要求、试验方法及涉及安全的有关产品信息。
——第2部分:滑雪运动护胸、护背的安全要求和试验方法。目的在于确立适用于各类滑雪运动护胸和护背的生产、试验等安全方面遵守的技术要求、试验方法及涉及安全的有关产品信息。
—--第3部分:滑雪运动护臀的安全要求和试验方法。目的在于确立适用于各类滑雪运动护臀的生产、试验等安全方面遵守的技术要求、试验方法及涉及安全的有关产品信息。
——第4部分:滑雪运动护腕、护手的安全要求和试验方法。目的在于确立适用于各类滑雪运动护腕和护手的生产、试验等安全方面遵守的技术要求、试验方法及涉及安全的有关产品信息。
——第5部分:滑雪运动护肘、护膝的安全要求和试验方法。目的在于确立适用于各类滑雪运动护肘和护膝的生产、试验等安全方面遵守的技术要求、试验方法及涉及安全的有关产品信息。
——第6部分:滑雪运动护脸(面罩)的安全要求和试验方法。目的在于确立适用于各类滑雪运动护脸(面罩)的生产、试验等安全方面遵守的技术要求、试验方法及涉及安全的有关产品信息。
本文件规定的滑雪运动头盔的目的是减少头部被头盔包围的部分受伤的频率和严重程度,分散和缓冲碰撞产生的力,减轻尖锐物体刺伤头部的可能,同时减少头盔使用过程中对皮肤的不良影响。为了实现其性能,并确保头盔佩戴的稳定性,头盔和相关的佩戴装置部件并保持牢固,使用时根据生产商的说明调整佩戴系统。
运动护具 冰雪运动护具第1部分:滑雪运动头盔的安全要求和试验方法
1 范围
本文件规定了滑雪运动头盔的安全要求、标识包装,以及产品说明书要求,描述了安全要求相关的试验方法。
本文件适用于滑雪运动者佩戴的头盔(以下简称“头盔”)的设计、生产和销售时的安全性能检测。
2 规范性引用文件
下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中,注日期的引用文件,仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件;不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。
GB/T 191-2008 包装储运图示标志
GB 18401-2010 国家纺织产品基本安全技术规范
GB 20400-2006 皮革和毛皮有害物质限量
GB 24429-2009 运动头盔 自行车、滑板、轮滑运动头盔的安全要求和试验方法
3 术语和定义
GB 24429—2009界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。
3.1
滑雪运动头盔 helmets of alpine skiers and snowboarders
在滑雪运动过程中,佩戴在滑雪者头部,用来吸收碰撞能量,减少佩戴者头部意外伤害的装具。
3.2
壳体 shell
头盔的外层结构。
[来源:GB 24429—2009,3.2]
3.3
佩戴装置 retention system
保证将头盔牢固地佩戴在头部的整套装置,包括使佩戴者更舒适的调节装置、系带等。
[来源:GB 24429—2009,3.5]
3.3.1
系带 strap
佩戴装置的一部分,系紧在佩戴者的下颌下面用来稳固头盔的带子,不包含下颌衬层。
[来源:GB 24429—2009,3.6,有修改]
3.3.2
下颌扣 chin buckle
位于下颌附近,用来调节系带松紧程度的装置。
3.4
头型 testing headform
采用标准人体尺寸、模拟人体头部外形结构建立的头部基准模型。
3.5
头部基础平面 basic plane of the human head
头部上由左、右外耳孔中心和右眼眶(或左眼眶)下缘点组成的一个平面。
注:见图1中的O—O'平面。
标引序号说明:
1——O—O'平面;
2——左、右外耳孔中心;
3——右眼眶(或左眼眶)下缘点。
图 1 头部基础平面(O—O')侧视图
[来源:GB 24429—2009,3.7,有修改]
3.6
基础平面 basic plane of the testing headform
头型上与人体头部基础平面相对应的平面。
注:见图2所示。
单位为毫米
头型尺寸(周长) a X Y
540 23±0.5 87±0.5
560 25±0.5 95±0.5
580 27±0.5 103±0.5
600 30±0.5 110±0.5
a 公差为±1%。
标引序号说明:
1 ——参考平面;
2 ——基础平面;
X——参考平面和基础平面之间的距离;
Y——参考平面到头型顶部的距离。
图 2 头型上的参考平面及基础平面
3.7
参考平面 reference plane of the testing headform
头型上,位于基础平面之上并与基础平面保持一定距离(X)的一个平行平面,这个距离(X)由头型尺寸确定
注:见图2。
3.8
头型尺寸(周长) headform size
头型上,参考平面与头型外表面相交形成的曲线长度,分为4种尺寸标准头型。
注:见图2。
3.9
防护类别 protection class
参考滑雪运动场所和激烈程度,确定的不同头盔级别。
3.10
覆盖区 coverage area
头盔包裹的对应头型上的最少区域。
3.11
试验区 testing area
头盔上进行吸收碰撞能量性能试验和耐穿透性能试验的区域。
3.12
头盔佩戴指数 helmet positioning index;HPI
当头盔正确佩戴于对应头型上时,从头盔前缘中心到头型参考平面的垂直距离,用来表征头盔在头型上佩戴位置的参数。