This document specifies the requirements for driver-seated, ride-on earth-moving machines as defined in ISO 6165 and rough terrain telescopic forklifts as defined in GB/T 35205.1 when they are expected to be driven on the road.
This document specifies the appropriate technical measures to eliminate or reduce the risk of significant hazards, hazardous situations and dangerous events when these machines are operated on the road.
This document does not apply to the following situations:
Machines on outriggers, e.g. walk-behind excavators;
Hazardous user requirements associated with driver-operated (driver-operated or non-driver-operated) or remote-controlled earth-moving machines / rough terrain telescopic forklifts, including training, operating permits and machine licensing taxes;
Local usage restrictions, such as road/bridge capacity;
Environmental requirements, such as engine emissions, noise refrigerants or recyclability. Note: More stringent national standards or other regulations may apply.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute essential provisions of this document by means of normative references in the text, where, for dated references, only the version corresponding to that date is applicable to this document; for undated references, the latest version (including all amendment sheets) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 25606 - 2010 Earth moving machinery Product identification code system (ISO 10261: 2002, IDT)
ISO 3287 Powered industrial trucks - Symbols for operator controls and other displays
ISO 3450:2011 Earth moving machinery - Braking systems for wheeled or high-speed rubber tracked machines - Performance requirements and test methods
ISO 3457 Earth moving machinery - Guards - Definitions and requirements
ISO 5006 Earth moving machinery - Operator's field of view - Test method and performance criteria
The terms defined in ISO 6165, ISO 10896-1 and ISO 12100 and the following terms and definitions apply to this document.
4 Safety requirements and protective measures
4.1 General rules
Machines intended for road use shall comply with the requirements and protective measures of this document.
Provided that no modifications are required by this document, the general safety requirements in ISO 20474 or ISO 10896-1, as applicable, shall be followed.
4.2 Dimensions and quality
4.2.1 General
Machines designed and assembled in accordance with the requirements of 4.2.2 to 4.2.6 for size and quality may be roadworthy.
Note 1: Dimensions and masses are widely accepted, but in some cases may be subject to severe national and local restrictions.
Note 2: Machines with dimensions and masses exceeding those specified in 4.2.2 to 4.2.6 may be considered as abnormal for transport and must comply with special use permits not covered in this document. ISO 6016 specifies the test methods for mass. Unless specifically designed to carry loads on the road (e.g. tipper), the mass of the machine does not include any loads other than attachments, tools and working devices required for the intended operation.
Machine dimensions shall be measured in accordance with the requirements of ISO 6746-1 and ISO 6746-2.
The dimensions and mass of the machine shall be assessed by means of the working and attachment devices in the transport configuration specified by the manufacturer.
4.2.2 Maximum mass The maximum mass of a machine travelling on the road shall not exceed the limits specified in Table 1.
4.3 Speed
The maximum speed shall be verified in accordance with ISO 6014. the permissible speed tolerance is +10% or +3 km/h (whichever is less). The test shall be carried out with the largest size tyre at the manufacturer's specified cold tyre inflation pressure and under the lightest running conditions of the machine.
Machines equipped with one or more smooth steel wheels (rollers) shall be limited to a maximum design speed of 16 km/h. If the intended operation is set to be completed at a higher speed, a means shall be provided to avoid the machine travelling at speeds in excess of 16 km/h on the road (e.g. specific road travel mode setting).
Note: The speed of machines with smooth steel wheels may be subject to local use restrictions not covered in this document.
4.3.1 Speed markings
Machines shall be specified (e.g. attachment points) for the installation of speed marker signs, low speed vehicle signage, or communication speed markers or equipment required by national regulations. It is recommended that a mounting space of 365 mm in width and 350 mm in height (low speed vehicle signage dimensions) be provided. Refer to ISO 12509 for installation.
Note: More than one marker may be required (e.g.; speed marker sign and low speed vehicle signage).
4.4 Road protection
The machine shall meet the requirements of 4.4.1 and 4.4.2 in order to reduce the risk of road damage.
4.4.1 Tyres and wheeled vehicles
Tyres shall be compatible with the machine's axle load and design speed and shall be marked with the name of the manufacturer (of the tyres), the load index and the speed rating. Tyres may be pneumatic or solid. Pneumatic tyres may be foam-filled (to prevent loss of stability in the event of puncture or rupture) or filled with a liquid pressure stabiliser.
In cases where the speed rating of the tyres fitted does not match the maximum speed of the machine (e.g. low speed high capacity tyres for the intended operation, or where the manufacturer allows the use of foam-filled or liquid stabilizers), the driver may be provided with the maximum permissible speed of the tyres fitted.
Note: The load index and speed rating data can be determined by ISO 4250, the European Organisation of Tyre and Wheel Technology or the Tyre and Wheel Association Standards Manual. Steel wheeled vehicles or steel wheels (e.g. road rollers) are permitted to be driven on roads provided they do not have any tread pattern.
4.4.2 Tracks
Tracked machines shall have a tread pattern such that their static ground specific pressure is not greater than 0.8 MPa, as measured in accordance with Appendix A.
Steel-tracked machines shall have a resilient material between the ground and the tracks and be arranged so that the steel parts of the tracks do not come into contact with the road.
4.5 Dynamic stability
The operating condition of the machine on the road shall be assessed at all speeds (including maximum speed) and in turns. Control of the machine, including the use of a typical trailer (if permitted), shall be permitted when driving on the road under normal conditions as specified by the manufacturer. The suspension (e.g. suspension control), axle or wheel of the work unit or attachment can be used to improve controllability. The weight distribution of the machine in the intended driving configuration should ensure that the minimum static axle load measured on a substantially horizontal surface is 20% of the total mechanical mass on the steering axle.
NOTE:ISO 14792 and ISO 15037-2 may be used as general guidance for determining machine performance when driving on the road.
4.6 Steering systems The performance of the steering system of wheeled machines, including design speeds not greater than 20 km/h, but excluding rough terrain telescopic boom forklifts, shall be in accordance with ISO 5010. If the design speed of the machine cannot be reached by the test speed, the test shall be carried out at the maximum speed.
The performance of the steering system of the rough terrain telescopic forklift truck shall be in accordance with the applicable part of ISO 10896-1.
5 Validation requirements
It is necessary to verify that the requirements of this document have been incorporated into the design and manufacture of the machine. One or a combination of the following means of verification shall be used to assess the conformity of the machine to this document:
Measurement;
Visual inspection;
Testing of items with special requirements according to the methods specified in the referenced standards;
by assessing the content of the required documentation held by the manufacturer, such as certification of windscreens manufactured to the requirements of the standard. A report shall be established to demonstrate compliance with the requirements of this document. The report shall include the following (either directly or by reference to other material):
An overall diagram of the machine and a diagram of the control circuit;
photographs (e.g. indicating the protective measures used)
detailed drawings with all calculations, test results, etc. for checking the conformity of the machine;
Results and reports relating to the referenced standards;
Driver's manual.
6 Operating instructions
The driver's manual for earth-moving machinery shall comply with ISO 6750 or ISO 10896-1:2012, Chapter 6. In addition, the manufacturer shall provide the following information:
Tools and working devices permitted to be carried by the manufacturer (see 4.16);
Identification and instructions for the use of tie-down points used to secure non-rigid parts of the machine, e.g. winches and hooks on ropes (see 4.16);
recommendations for the location of attachments and working devices when travelling on the road (see 4.2.1);
rescue and towing (hauling) procedures, if applicable (see 4.20);
Appendix A (normative) Calculation of the grounding ratio pressure for tracked machines
Bibliography
Foreword 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Safety requirements and protective measures 5 Validation requirements 6 Operating instructions Appendix A (normative) Calculation of the grounding ratio pressure for tracked machines Bibliography
1范围 本文件规定了ISO 6165定义的司机坐式,驾乘式土方机械和GB/T 35205.1中定义的越野伸缩臂叉车预期在公路上行驶的要求。 本文件规定了适当的技术措施,用以消除或减少这些机器在道路行驶时重大危险,危险情况和危险事件的风险。 本文件不适用于以下情况: 支腿上的机器,例如,步履式挖掘机; 与司机站立操作(驾乘式或非驾乘式)或遥控土方机械/越野伸缩臂叉车相关的危险用户要求,包括培训,操作许可和机器上牌税; 当地使用限制,如道路/桥梁能力; 环境要求,如发动机排放、噪声制冷剂或可回收性。注:更为严格的国家标准或其他法规,可适用。 2规范性引用文件 下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款,其中,注日期的引用文件,仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件;不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。 GB/T 25606- 2010土方机械产品识别代码系统(ISO 10261 :2002 ,IDT) . ISO 3287机动工业车辆驾驶员控制装置及其他显示装置用符号(Powered industrial trucks - Symbols for operator controls and other displays) ISO 3450:2011土方机械轮式或高速橡胶履带式机器制动系统的性能要求和试验方法 (Earth-moving machinery - Wheeled or high-speed rubber-tracked machines - Performance requirements and test procedures for brake systems) ISO 3457土方机械防护装置定义和要求( Earth-moving machinery- -Guards- -Definitions and requirements) ISO 5006土方机械司机视野试验方法和性能准则( Earth-moving machinery - Operator's field of view - Test method and performance criteria) ISO 5010土方机械轮胎式机器转向要求( Earth-moving machinery - Rubber-tyred machines - -Steering requirements) 3术语和定义 ISO 6165、ISO 10896-1和ISO 12100界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 4安全要求和保护措施 4.1 通则 预期公路行驶的机器应符合本文件的要求和保护措施。 只要本文件不做出修改要求,(如适用)应遵循ISO 20474或ISO 10896-1中的通用安全要求。 4.2尺寸和质量 4.2.1通用 尺寸和质量按照4.2.2~4.2.6的要求进行设计和装配的机器可在道路上行驶。 注1:尺寸和质量是被广泛接受的,但在某些情况下,可能会受到国家和地方的严重限制。 注2:尺寸和质量超过4.2.2~4.2.6中规定的机器可被视为异常运输,必须符合本文件未涉及的特殊使用许可证。ISO 6016规定了质量的测试方法。除非专门设计成用于在道路上承担负载(例如:自卸车),否则机器的质量不包括除附属装置,工具和预定操作所需工作装置之外的任何负载。 机械尺寸测量应符合ISO 6746-1和ISO 6746-2的要求。 机器的尺寸和质量应通过制造商规定的运输配置中的工作装置和附属装置进行评定。 4.2.2 最大质量在道路行驶的机器的最大质量不超过表1中规定的限值。 4.3速度 最大速度的验证应符合ISO 6014。允许的速度公差为＋10%或+3 km/h(以较小者为准)。试验应使用制造商规定的冷胎充气气压条件下的最大尺寸轮胎和机器最轻运行条件下进行。 配有一个或多个光滑钢轮(滚轮)的机器的最大设计速度应限制为16 km/h。如果预定操作设定在较高的速度下完成,应提供方法以避免机器在道路上的行驶速度超过16 km/h(例如,特定的道路行驶模式设置)。 注:配有光滑钢轮的机器的速度可能受到本文件中未涉及的地方使用限制。 4.3.1速度标记 机器应规定(例如附件点)安装速度标记标志,低速车辆标志牌,或通信速度标记或国家规定要求使用的设备。建议提供的安装空间宽度为365 mm,高度为350 mm(低速车辆标志牌尺寸)。相关安装参考ISO 12509。 注:可能需要不止一个标记(例如;速度标记标志和低速车辆标志牌)。 4.4道路保护 机器应满足4.4.1和4.4.2的要求,以减少道路损坏的风险。 4.4.1轮胎和轮辆 轮胎应与机器的轴荷和设计速度兼容,并应标有(轮胎)制造商的名称,负载指数和速度等级。轮胎可以是充气的或实心胎。充气轮胎可以是泡沫填充的(以防止在穿刺或破裂的情况下失去稳定性)或填充液体稳压物。 在所安装轮胎的速度等级与机器的最大速度不匹配情况时(例如:用于预定操作的低速高容量轮胎,或者制造商允许使用泡沫填充物或液体稳压物的情况下),可以向司机提供所安装的轮胎的最大允许速度。 注:负载指数和速度等级数据可以由ISO 4250,欧洲轮胎和轮辆技术组织或轮胎和轮了协会标准手册确定。钢制轮辆或钢轮(例如:压路机)允许在道路上行驶,只要它们没有任何胎面花纹。 4.4.2履带 履带式机器应具有胎面花纹,使其静态接地比压不大于0.8 MPa,根据附录A测量。 钢履带机器介于地面和履带之间应具有弹性材料,并且布置成使得履带的钢部件不与道路接触。 4.5动态稳定性 在道路上行驶的机器运行状况应在各种速度(包括最大速度)和转弯时进行评估。在制造商规定的正常条件下的道路上行驶时,应允许对机器进行控制,包括典型拖车的使用(如果允许)。工作装置或附属装置的悬挂(如,悬挂控制),轴或轮可用于提高可控性。机器在预期行驶配置中的重量分布应确保在基本水平的表面上测量的最小静态轴载荷为转向轴上总机械质量的20%。 注:ISO 14792和ISO 15037-2可用于确定在道路上行驶时的机器性能的一般指导。 4.6 转向系统轮式机器的转向系统的性能,包括设计速度不大于20 km/h,但不包括越野伸缩臂叉车,应符合ISO 5010。如果由机器的设计速度不能达到测试速度,应以最高速度进行试验。 越野伸缩臂叉车转向系统的性能应符合ISO 10896-1中的适用部分。 5验证要求 有必要验证本文件的要求已纳入机器的设计和制造。应使用以下验证手段中的一个或组合来评估机器是否符合本文件: 测量; 目测; 按引用标准所规定的方法对有特殊要求的项目进行试验; 通过对制造商持有的必需的文件内容进行评估,例如按标准要求制造的风窗玻璃的认证证明。应确立一份用于证明符合本文件要求的报告。报告应包括以下内容(直接或通过参考其他材料): 机器的整体图以及控制电路图; 照片(例如,指明采用的保护措施)﹔ 详细图纸,附有所有计算说明,测试结果等,用于检查机械的合格性; 与引用的标准相关的结果和报告; 司机手册。 6操作说明 土方机械的司机手册应符合ISO 6750或ISO 10896-1:2012第6章的规定。此外,制造商应提供以下信息: 制造商允许携带的工具和工作装置(见4.16); 用来固定机器的非刚性部分的捆系点的识别和使用说明,例如,绞车和绳索上的吊钩(见4.16); 在道路上行驶时,附属装置和工作装置位置的建议(见4.2.1); 救援和拖拽(牵引)程序,如适用(见4.20); 附录A(规范性)履带式机器接地比压计算 参考文献
