标准编号:	GB/T 40060-2021
中文名称:	液氢贮存和运输技术要求
英文名称:	Technical requirements for storage and transportation of liquid hydrogen
中标分类:	F19    新能源及其他
行业分类:	GB    国家标准
ICS分类:	71.020 71.020    化工生产 71.020
发布机构:	国家市场监督管理总局 国家标准化管理委员会
发布日期:	2021-04-30
实施日期:	2021-11-1
标准状态:	valid
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	12000 字
翻译价格(元):	650.0
交付时间:	付款后 1 个工作日

Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative. This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This standard was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of SAT/TC 309 National Technical Committee on Hydrogen Energy of Standardization Administration of China. Introduction This standard provides technical reference for storage and transportation of liquid hydrogen, and the safety requirements for storage and transportation of liquid hydrogen shall be subject to laws and regulations, mandatory national standards and other relevant regulations. Technical requirements for storage and transportation of liquid hydrogen 1 Scope This standard specifies the requirements for the setting of liquid hydrogen storage vessels, transportation of tank vehicles and liquid hydrogen tank containers, purging and replacement, safety and protection, and accident handling in the process of storage and transportation of liquid hydrogen. This standard is applicable to the technical requirements for storage and transportation of liquid hydrogen storage vessels, liquid hydrogen transport vehicles and liquid hydrogen tank containers. This standard is not applicable to the storage and transportation of liquid hydrogen used in military, national defense and aerospace fields. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB 2894 Safety signs and guideline for the use GB 4387 Safety regulation for railway and road transportation in plants of industrial enterprises GB 12014 Protective clothing - Static protective clothing GB 21148 Foot protection - Safety footwear GB 21668 Provisions of vehicles for the carriage of dangerous goods with regard to their specific constructional features GB/T 24499 Technology glossary for gaseous hydrogen, hydrogen energy and hydrogen energy system GB/T 31421 Occupational antistatic headwear GB 50140 Code for design of extinguisher distribution in buildings GB 50169 Code for construction and acceptance of grounding connection - Electric equipment installation engineering GB 50177 Design code for hydrogen station GB 50974 Code of design on fire protection water supply and hydrant systems JT/T 617 (all parts) Regulations concerning road transportation of dangerous goods 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 24499 and the following apply. 3.1 liquid hydrogen vessel vessel for long-term or short-term storage of liquid hydrogen Note: Liquid hydrogen vessels include liquid hydrogen storage vessels, storage vessels of liquid hydrogen tank vehicle, liquid hydrogen tank container, etc. 3.2 liquid hydrogen storage vessel pressure vessel for storing liquid hydrogen 3.3 liquid hydrogen tank vehicle transport vehicle equipped with liquid hydrogen storage vessel 3.4 liquid hydrogen tank containers low temperature tank container for storing liquid hydrogen 4 Setting of liquid hydrogen storage vessel 4.1 The liquid hydrogen storage vessel shall not be installed indoors. 4.2 Liquid hydrogen storage places shall be well ventilated. 4.3 The place where the liquid hydrogen storage vessel locates shall be provided with emergency exit, and safety signs shall be set around it in accordance with relevant requirements of GB 2894.   4.4 The place where liquid hydrogen storage vessel is set shall keep a safe distance from residential buildings, public roads and warehouses, with such distance not less than that specified in GB 50177. 4.5 Fire extinguishers, fire hydrants and other fire rescue equipment shall be provided in the place where liquid hydrogen storage vessels locate. The fire extinguishers should be dry powder fire extinguishers, with the configuration meeting those specified in GB 50140. And the setting of fire hydrants shall meet those specified in GB 50974. 4.6 The place where liquid hydrogen storage vessels locate shall be provided with liquid hydrogen tank vehicles and fire fighting access with a width not less than 4 m and the clearance height on it not less than 4.5m. 4.7 The liquid hydrogen storage and use places should be equipped with walls or fences and anti-collision facilities. 4.8 In the liquid hydrogen storage place, the liquid hydrogen storage vessel shall be installed on the pedestal above the ground, and the pedestal should be 30 cm above the ground. 4.9 The liquid hydrogen storage vessel area shall be arranged with a hydrogen concentration monitoring and alarm system, with the alarm concentration limit not more than 0.4% (volume fraction) and the response time not more than 30s. 4.10 The liquid hydrogen storage vessel area shall be arranged with ultraviolet flame detectors and infrared flame detectors. 4.11 The liquid hydrogen storage vessel shall be equipped with a grounding device, and shall meet the relevant requirements of GB 50177. 4.12 The liquid hydrogen transportation piping shall be equipped with a grounding device to eliminate the static electricity, and shall meet the relevant requirements of GB 50177. 4.13 In case the liquid hydrogen storage vessel is vented, the vent nozzle temperature shall not be lower than 90 K. 5 Transportation of tank vehicles and liquid hydrogen tank containers 5.1 The use, transportation, overhauling and management of tank vehicles and liquid hydrogen tank containers shall meet those specified in GB 21668 and JT/T 617 (all parts).   5.2 Before the departure of a liquid hydrogen tank vehicle, the transportation time and distance of the tank vehicle shall be confirmed, and emergency discharge measures shall be formulated to ensure that liquid hydrogen is not discharged on the highway during transportation. In case of transporting liquid hydrogen in tank vehicles or liquid hydrogen tank containers, the reading of the pressure gauge shall be monitored frequently, which shall not exceed the specified pressure value. If the reading of the pressure gauge rises abnormally, the tank vehicle shall be driven to a sparsely populated and open place, and the vent valve shall be opened to exhaust and relieve pressure. 5.3 When the pressure of the liquid hydrogen tank vehicle approaches the open pressure of the safety valve, the tank vehicle shall be driven to and parked in an open area for pressure discharge, at the same time, a warning line shall be provided. 5.4 In the factory area of industrial enterprise, liquid hydrogen shall be transported in accordance with GB 4387. The liquid hydrogen tank vehicle or vehicle carrying liquid hydrogen tank containers shall not travel at a speed exceeding 10 km/h. Do not push the vehicle by hand, and vehicle rolling is prohibited. 5.5 Liquid hydrogen transport vehicles loaded with liquid hydrogen shall be parked in the open air, and shall not be parked near bridges, tunnels or underground passages. 5.6 The parking distance between liquid hydrogen tank vehicles and between trailers of liquid hydrogen tank containers shall not be less than 3 m. 5.7 Liquid hydrogen tank vehicles and liquid hydrogen tank containers shall be equipped with electrostatic grounding devices, which shall meet the requirements of GB 50169. 5.8 Tank vehicles and liquid hydrogen tank containers can only enter the filling place for hydrogen filling after obtaining the consent of relevant personnel. Before filling, the gas in the connecting piping shall be replaced until the impurity content in it meets the replacement index requirements of the liquid hydrogen vessel. When filling, the operating personnel shall be on site. The filling shall be carried out in accordance with the operation procedures, and measures shall be taken to prevent the cryogenic liquid from overflowing. 5.9 The liquid hydrogen receiving port of the tank vehicle shall be equipped with a 10-μm filter, and the filter element shall be made of materials compatible with hydrogen. And hydrogen filters that are used continuously and constantly should be switchable. 5.10 Before entering the filling and diverting places, the rear of the tank vehicle trailer shall be equipped with a car flash hider.

Foreword i Introduction ii 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Setting of liquid hydrogen storage vessel 5 Transportation of tank vehicles and liquid hydrogen tank containers 6 Purging and replacement 7 Safety and protection 8 Accident handling Annex A (Informative) Hazard of liquid hydrogen Annex B (Informative) Key properties of liquid hydrogen

ICS 71.020 F 19 GB 中华人民共和国国家标准 GB/T 40060—2021 液氢贮存和运输技术要求 Technical requirements for storage and transportation of liquid hydrogen 2021-04-30发布 2021-11-01实施 国家市场监督管理总局 国家标准化管理委员会 发布 前言 本标准按照GB/T 1.1—2009给出的规则起草。 本标准由全国氢能标准化技术委员会(SAC/TC 309)提出并归口。 引言 本标准为液氢贮存和运输提供技术参考，液氢贮存和运输的安全要求以法律法规、强制性国家标准等有关规定为准。 液氢贮存和运输技术要求 1 范围 本标准规定了液氢贮存和运输过程中液氢贮罐的设置、罐车和罐式集装箱的运输、吹扫与置换、安全与防护、事故处理的要求。 本标准适用于液氢贮罐、液氢运输车和罐式集装箱的贮存和运输的技术要求。 本标准不适用于军事、国防、航天领域液氢的贮存和运输。 2 规范性引用文件 下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。 GB 2894 安全标志及其使用导则 GB 4387 工业企业厂内铁路、道路运输安全规程 GB 12014 防护服装 防静电服 GB 21148 足部防护 安全鞋 GB 21668 危险货物运输车辆结构要求 GB/T 24499 氢气、氢能与氢能系统术语 GB/T 31421 防静电工作帽 GB 50140 建筑灭火器配置设计规范 GB 50169 电气装置安装工程 接地装置施工及验收规范 GB 50177 氢气站设计规范 GB 50974 消防给水及消火栓系统技术规范 JT/T 617(所有部分) 危险货物道路运输规则 3 术语和定义 GB/T 24499界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 3.1 液氢容器 liquid hydrogen vessel 用于长期或短期贮存液氢的容器。 注：液氢容器包括液氢贮罐、液氢罐车的贮罐、罐式集装箱等。 3.2 液氢贮罐 liquid hydrogen storage vessel 贮存液氢的压力容器。 3.3 液氢罐车 liquid hydrogen tank vehicle 配置液氢贮罐的运输车。 3.4 罐式集装箱 liquid hydrogen tank containers 贮存液氢的低温罐箱。 4 液氢贮罐的设置 4.1 液氢贮罐不得安装在室内。 4.2 液氢贮存场所应保证通风良好。 4.3 液氢贮罐的场所应设有安全出口，周围应设置安全标志，安全标志的设置应符合GB 2894的有关规定。 4.4 设置液氢贮罐的场所应与居民建筑物、公用道路及库房保持相应的安全距离，并应不小于GB 50177 的有关规定。 4.5 液氢贮罐的场所应设置灭火器、消防栓等消防救护器材，灭火器配置应符合GB 50140 的有关规定﹐灭火器宜采用干粉灭火器，消防栓的设置应符合GB 50974的规定。 4.6 液氢贮罐场所应设有液氢罐车和消防通道，道路的宽度不应小于4 m，路面上的净空高度不应小于4.5 m。 4.7 液氢的贮存、使用场所宜设置围墙或栅栏及防撞设施。 4.8 液氢贮存场所中，液氢贮罐应安装在高于地面的基座上，基座宜高于地面30 cm。 4.9 液氢贮罐区应设有氢气浓度监测报警系统，报警浓度限值不大于0.4％(体积分数)，响应时间不大于30 s。 4.10 液氢贮罐区应设置紫外火焰探测器和红外火焰探测器。 4.11 液氢贮罐应设置接地装置，并应符合GB 50177的有关规定。 4.12 液氢输送管道应设置导除静电的接地装置，并应符合GB 50177的有关规定。 4.13 液氢贮罐放空时，放空管口温度不低于90 K。 5 罐车、罐式集装箱的运输 5.1 罐车、罐式集装箱的使用、运输、检修和管理应符合GB 21668，JT/T 617(所有部分)的有关规定。 5.2 液氢罐车出发前，应确认罐车的运输时间和运输距离，并制定紧急情况排放措施，以确保运输过程中不在公路上排放液氢。罐车、罐式集装箱运输液氢时，要经常监视压力表的读数，不应超过压力规定值。当压力表读数异常升高时，罐车应开到人稀、空旷处，打开放空阀排气泄压。 5.3 液氢罐车压力接近安全阀起跳压力时，应将罐车行驶到空旷处排放﹐并设警戒线。 5.4 在工业企业厂区内，液氢的运输应按GB 4387的规定执行，液氢罐车或载有液氢罐式集装箱的车辆行驶速度不应超过10 km/h，不应用手推行驶，禁止溜放。 5.5 装载液氢的液氢运输车应露天停放，不得停放在靠近桥梁、隧道或地下通道的场所。5.6 液氢罐车、罐式集装箱的拖车停放间距不小于3 m。 5.7 液氢罐车及罐式集装箱应有导静电接地装置，接地装置应符合GB 50169的规定。 5.8 罐车、罐式集装箱只有在得到有关人员同意后方可进入充灌场所进行充灌。充灌前，应对充灌的连接管道进行置换，直至管道内气体中杂质含量符合液氢容器的置换指标要求。充灌时，操作人员应在现场。充灌操作应按操作规程进行﹐并应防止低温液体外溢。 5.9 罐车的液氢接收口应安装10μm的过滤器，滤芯采用与氢相容性材料，连续固定使用的氢过滤器宜采用可切换式。 5.10 罐车拖车尾部在进入加注、转注场所前应安装汽车防火帽。 5.11 罐车、罐式集装箱在连接充灌输液管前应处于制动状态，防止移动，并应设置防滑块。罐车、罐式集装箱在充装过程中应采取相应安全措施﹐配置防拉脱装置。 5.12 罐车、罐式集装箱充灌结束后应将输液管置换至非氢气环境﹐确认安全后再脱开输液管，方可离开。 5.13 罐车，罐式集装箱在充灌装卸作业时，汽车发动机应熄火关闭。充装过程中，驾驶员不得驻留车内。 5.14 罐车、罐式集装箱内液氢不宜长期储存，更不得混装其他液体，漆色标志应符合相关规定。 5.15 液氢加注、转注期间，应对管道连接处再次进行检查确认﹐防止泄漏。 6 吹扫与置换 6.1 液氢容器在充灌液氢前应检查内部状态，管道应干燥清洁，应采用氮气吹干，装配后用适当的堵帽或堵塞封堵外接管口。 6.2 液氢罐车超过7 d不用，应在使用前检测贮罐内的气体指标，若不合格，应对罐车内氢气进行置换。 6.3 液氢容器新用或被其他气体(如空气等)污染，充灌液氢前应进行正压置换，并符合下列要求： a)正压置换应分别采用纯度不低于99.99％的氮气、氢气，置换压力不超过液氢容器的工作压力； b)吹扫置换空气时，应以氮气反复充排，直至检测排气中的氧含量不大于0.5％(体积分数)； c)吹扫置换氮气时，应以氢气反复充排，直至罐内余气杂质含量符合表1要求。 6.4 液氢容器内氢气所含的杂质应符合表1的置换指标，方能充灌液氢。 表1 液氢容器置换指标 项目 指标×10－6(体积分数) 氮(N2)含量 ≤100 氧＋氩(O2＋Ar)总含量 ≤20 水(H2O)含量 ≤20 6.5 对原来装过液氢或仍存在部分液氢的容器，充灌前，亦需对容器内气体进行检验，符合液氢容器置换指标者，不必再作置换；不符者，应按6.3的规定进行置换。 7 安全与防护 7.1 操作安全 7.1.1 液氢具有一定的危险性，液氢的危险性参见附录A。 7.1.2 液氢容器在使用前应检查各种阀门，仪表、安全装置是否齐全有效、灵敏可靠、在检验有效期内。液氢容器应配置禁油压力表、手动或自动泄放阀、安全阀、爆破片，爆破片安全装置的材质应选用不锈钢、铜或铝，并应脱脂去油。 7.1.3 液氢容器的充装量应符合贮罐的设计文件要求，液氢容器(用于生产系统的液氢专用接收容器除外)泄出后剩余量不应少于总容积的5％。 7.1.4 液氢容器常温充灌时，加注口阀门的开度应不大于20％，缓慢充灌预冷，预冷时间不小于30 min。 7.1.5 当液氢容器上的阀门和仪表、管道连接接头等处被冻结时，不应用铁锤敲打或明火加热，宜用70℃～80℃洁净无油的热氮气或温水进行融化解冻。 7.1.6 使用单位应制定安全使用操作规程。操作人员独立上岗操作前，应进行安全教育培训，经考核合格后持安全操作证上岗。 7.1.7 操作人员应熟悉液氢的特性及其危害，并熟悉相关设施的使用说明书，设备工艺流程，设备上各种阀门，仪表及其作用和操作程序；在发生故障及意外事故时应能独立采取应急安全措施。液氢的主要特性参见附录B表B.1。 7.1.8 液氢容器的故障排除应按使用说明书的规定来处理。 7.2 安全防护 7.2.1 操作人员在充灌或处理液氢时应穿着符合GB 21148规定的导电鞋或导电长筒靴，外穿符合GB 12014规定的A级防静电工作服，佩戴符合GB/T 31421规定的防静电帽，裤管应罩在鞋(靴)帮外面，带上干净易脱的长臂纯棉手套和护目镜，若有可能产生液氢喷射或飞溅的作业，应带上防护面罩(或护目镜)和长臂纯棉手套。处理大量液氢泄漏时应穿上无钉皮靴，裤脚套在皮靴外面。 7.2.2 操作人员操作前﹐应先导散自身静电，不应用手触摸非绝热或表面结露、结霜的液氢容器与管道表面。 7.2.3 不应进入液氢大量泄漏的场所。 7.2.4 操作人员的皮肤因接触液氢而被冻伤时，应及时将受伤部位放入40℃左右的温水中浸泡，切勿干加热，严重的冻伤应迅速到医院治疗。 8 事故处置 8.1 罐车、罐式集装箱容器管路系统有微小泄漏时应及时检修处理；有严重泄漏时，应将罐车、罐式集装箱移到人稀、空旷安全处，逐渐排放﹐并应严格监护。排放时，人、车应处在上风向，排放液体时，应关闭汽车发动机，人员不得滞留车内，排放液氢波及区域内应禁止明火。 8.2 当罐车、罐式集装箱在运输途中发生事故时，应及时报告当地有关部门进行处理，同时应按规定采取应急措施。 附录A (资料性附录) 液氢的危险性 A.1 液氢具有低温危险性。它是无色无味、透明的低温液化气体，没有腐蚀性﹐在一定条件下，金属材料与液氢接触会发生氢脆现象。 A.2 液氢在受限空间内大量泄漏可能会造成人员的缺氧窒息。 A.3 液氢具有爆燃和爆轰危险性。液氢汽化为氢气并与空气混合易形成可燃爆混合物，遇火源易产生爆炸危险。氢的燃烧速度快、火焰温度高、隐形火焰苍白、无色，白天不易察觉，需设置紫外火焰探测器和红外火焰探测器。 A.4 液氢管路和设备绝热保温失效时，会使操作人员冻伤。液氢贮罐或管路系统中混入空气会形成固体颗粒，其中固体氧的积累可能造成系统爆炸着火的风险。 A.5 雷雨天气应禁止液氢相关操作。 附录B (资料性附录) 液氢的主要特性 液氢的主要特性见表B.1。 表B.1 液氢的主要特性 项目 物化性能 特征 无色无味透明 摩尔质量/(kg/ kmol) 2.0159 标准大气压下的沸点/℃ －252.8 凝固点/℃ －259.2 在空气中的燃烧极限范围，体积分数 4％～75％ 标准大气压下的密度/(kg/m3) 70.79 变为标准大气压下气体体积倍数 790 临界温度/K 33.1 临界压力/MPa 1.3 危险货物编号 UN1966 危险货物类别 第二类气体中易燃气体