GB/T 3716-2023 Palletsfor materialshandling - Vocabulary
1 Scope
This document defines terms relating to pallets for unit load methods of materials handling and the terms and definitions of flat pallets, pallets with upper structures, pallet upper structures, pallet components and characteristics, pallet accessories, mechanical fasteners, pallet uses, and pallet dimensions.
This document applies to the application of terminology in pallets and related fields.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 General terms
3.1
pallet
rigid horizontal platform of minimum height, compatible with handling by pallet trucks and/or forklift trucks and other appropriate handling equipment, used as a base for assembling, loading, storing, handling, stacking, transporting, or displaying goods and loads. See Figure 1.
Note 1: The pallet may be constructed with, or fitted with, a superstructure.
Note 2: The terms for unit cargo handling are defined in Appendix A, and the terms for skateboard pallets are defined in Appendix B.
3.2
nominal load
R
lowest safe load value for the specified support conditions, independent of the type of load
(excluding concentrated loads)
Note 1: “Specified support conditions” refers to the range of conditions of use in 7.1 of ISO 8611-2:2011.
Note 2: Nominal load does not represent an actual payload on a pallet in use. The nominal load is used for comparing the performance of different pallets.
3.3
concentrated load
load concentrated over an area of less than 50 % of the pallet top deck
3.4
uniformly distributed unbonded load
load spread evenly across the full surface of the pallet top deck where the items are not interlocked, bound or connected
3.5
uniformly distributed bonded load
load spread evenly across the full surface of the pallet top deck, where the pattern of each single layer changes, so that the packages are interlocked. See Figure 2.
Note: Sacks are an example of a bonded load.
3.6
solid load
single, compact, rigid, homogeneous load, supported by all the blocks and/or stringers (bearers) of the pallet
3.7
maximum working load
greatest payload that a pallet may be permitted to carry in a specific loading and support condition
Note: This will vary according to the type, distribution, arrangement and means of stabilization of the load and the system of support. It may be above or below the nominal load (see ISO 8611-2).
3.8
payload
Q
load carried by the pallet in use
Note: This can be above, identical with or below the nominal load (see ISO 8611-2).
3.9
safety factor
ratio of the ultimate load to the nominal load
3.10
stiffness
relative deformation of a pallet or component under load
Note: High stiffness means small displacement, deflection or deformation for a given load.
3.11
test load
P
load applicators, the load board or load box and the applied load itself
3.12
ultimate load
U
load at which compression, displacement or deflection is no longer contained, resulting in the destruction of the specimen or breaking of one component, or when displacement, deformation or deflection becomes excessive
3.13
failure
condition in which the pallet, at a particular load, exceeds the deflection limits or breakage of a component occurs
4 Flat pallets
4.1
flat pallet
pallet with a top deck without a raised superstructure
4.2
single-deck pallet
flat pallet where the lower bearing surface area is less than 35% of the flat pallet. See Figure 3.
Note: The percentage is specified in ISO6780.
4.3
stillage
platform with two uprights or four feet and with free entry. See Figure 4.
Note: Stillages cannot be handled by pallet trucks conforming to ISO 509.
4.4
double-deck pallet
flat pallet with a top deck and a bottom deck. See Figure 5.
