GB/T 2820.1:2022 Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven alternating current generating sets - Part 1: Application, ratings and performance
1 Scope
This document defines various classifications for the application, rating and performance of generating sets consisting of a Reciprocating Internal Combustion (RIC) engine, Alternating Current (a.c.) generator and any associated controlgear, switchgear and auxiliary equipment.
For some specific applications (e.g. essential hospital supplies, high-rise buildings), supplementary requirements can be necessary. The provisions of this document can be the basis for establishing any supplementary requirements.
It applies to a.c. generating sets driven by RIC engines for land and marine use and applications such as continuous power supply, peak-shaving power consumption and standby power consumption.
It does not apply to generating sets used on aircraft or to propel land vehicles and locomotives.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain requirements which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3046-1 Reciprocating internal combustion engines - Performance - Part 1: Declarations of power, fuel and lubricating oil consumptions, and test methods - Additional requirements for engines for general use
Note: GB/T 6072.1-2008 Reciprocating internal combustion engines - Performance - Part 1: Declarations of power fuel and lubricating oil consumptions and test methods - Additional requirements for engines for general use (ISO 3046-1: 2002, IDT)
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
——ISO Online browsing platform: available at http: //www.iso.org/obp
——IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
An explanation of the symbols and abbreviated terms used in this document is shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Symbols and abbreviated terms
Symbols or abbreviated terms Term Unit
a.c. alternating current —
COP continuous power kW
ESP emergency standby power kW
LTP limited-time running power kW
DCP data center power kW
MAX maximum power for low‑power generating sets kW
PRP prime power kW
P Power kW
Ppa actual average power kW
Ppp permissible average power kW
Pr total barometric pressure kPa
Tor charge air coolant temperature K(℃)
Tr air temperature K(℃)
t Time s
φr relative humidity %
φ power factor —
5 Other regulations and additional requirements
For a.c. generating sets used by onboard ships and offshore installations, which have to comply with rules of a classification society, the additional requirements of the classification society shall be observed. The classification society name shall be stated by the customer prior to placing the order.
For a.c. generating sets operating in non-classified equipment, any additional requirements are subject to agreement between the manufacturer and customer.
If special requirements from any other regulatory authority (e.g. inspecting and/or legislative authorities) need to be met, the authority name shall be stated by the customer prior to placing the order.
Any additional requirements shall be subject to agreement between the manufacturer and customer.
6 General description
6.1 Generating set
6.1.1 General
A generating set consists of one or more RIC engines used to produce mechanical energy and one or more generators to convert the mechanical energy into electrical energy.
The generating set includes any components used for coupling the mechanical prime mover(s) and electrical generator(s) (e.g. couplings, gearbox) and, where applicable, any load‑bearing and mounting components.
Note: A generator ready to be installed and only able to function as it stands after being mounted on a means of transport (e.g. an agricultural or forestry tractor) is considered to be a generating set.
6.1.2 Prime movers
For the purposes of this document, prime movers may be of two types:
a) compression‑ignition engines; and
b) spark‑ignition engines.
Depending on the generating set application, the following criteria, among others, can be important in selecting the prime mover to be used:
a) quality of fuel and fuel consumption;
b) exhaust gas and noise emission;
c) speed range;
d) mass and dimensions;
e) sudden loading and frequency behaviour;
f) generator short‑circuit characteristics;
g) cooling systems;
h) starting systems;
i) maintenance requirements;
j) waste heat utilization.
6.1.3 Electrical generators
For the purposes of this document, electrical generators may be of two types:
a) synchronous; and
b) asynchronous.
Depending on the generating set application, the following criteria shall be met in selecting the generator to be used:
a) voltage characteristics during starting and normal operation as well as after load changes, taking into account the electrical power factor;
b) short‑circuit behaviour (electrical and mechanical);
c) efficiency;
d) generator design and enclosure type;
e) parallel‑operation behaviour;
f) maintenance requirements.
6.1.4 Controlgear and switchgear
Equipment for the control, switching, operation and monitoring of the generating set shall be part of the associated controlgear and switchgear systems.
6.1.5 Auxiliaries
Auxiliaries are items of equipment additional to those already fitted/installed on the generating set as supplied but essential to its proper and safe operation, such as:
a) starting system;
b) air intake and exhaust gas systems;
c) cooling systems;
d) lubricating oil system;
e) fuel system (including fuel treatment where applicable);
f) auxiliary electrical power supply.
6.2 Power station
A power station comprises an installation of one or more generating sets and their auxiliary equipment, the associated controlgear and switchgear and, where applicable, the place of installation (e.g. abuilding, an enclosure or special equipment for protection from the weather).
7 Application criteria
7.1 Modes of operation
Foreword i
Introduction iii
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
5 Other regulations and additional requirements
6 General description
6.1 Generating set
6.2 Power station
7 Application criteria
7.1 Modes of operation
7.2 Site criteria
7.3 Single and parallel operation
7.4 Modes of start-up and control
7.5 Start-up time
8 Performance classes
9 Installation requirements
9.1 General
9.2 Installation configurations
9.3 Generating set configurations
9.4 Mounting types
9.5 Connection between the RIC engine and electrical generator
9.6 Additional installation features - weather effects
10 Emissions
11 Standard reference conditions
12 Site conditions
12.1 General
12.2 Ambient temperature
12.3 Altitude
12.4 Humidity
12.5 Air quality
12.6 Marine environment
12.7 Shock and imposed vibration
12.8 Chemical pollution
12.9 Radiation
12.10 Cooling water/liquid
13 Power adjustment for operating conditions
14 Power rating definitions
14.1 General
14.2 Power ratings
14.3 Power rating categories
15 Operating performance
15.1 Starting temperature
15.2 Load acceptance
15.3 Cyclic irregularity
15.4 Generator temperature rise
15.5 Fuel and lubricating oil characteristics and consumption
15.6 Minimum running hours
15.7 Regulation
15.8 Range of power factor
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