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This document is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2020 Directives for standardization - Part 1: Rules for the structure and drafting of standardizing documents.
This document is part 5 of GB/T 25684 under the general title of Earth-moving machinery - Safety. The following parts of GB/T 25684 have been issued:
——Part 1: General requirements;
——Part 2: Requirements for dozers;
——Part 3: Requirements for loaders;
——Part 4: Requirements for backhoe loaders;
——Part 5: Requirements for hydraulic excavators;
——Part 6: Requirements for dumpers;
——Part 7: Requirements for scrapers;
——Part 8: Requirements for graders;
——Part 9: Requirements for pipelayers;
——Part 10: Requirements for trenchers;
——Part 11: Requirements for landfill compactors;
——Part 12: Requirements for cable excavators;
——Part 13: Requirements for rollers.
This document replaces GB/T 25684.5-2010 Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 5: Requirements for hydraulic excavators. In addition to structural adjustment and editorial changes, the following main technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 25684.5-2010:
a) The provisions of the channel are deleted (see 4.2 of Edition 2010);
b) The provisions of the minimum activity space is deleted (see 4.3.1 of Edition 2010);
c) The provisions of the operator protective guard are changed (see 4.2.1.1, 4.3.2.1 of Edition 2010);
d) The provisions of roll-over protective structures (ROPS) and tip-over protective structures (TOPS) are changed (see 4.2.1.2, 4.3.2.2 of Edition 2010);
e) The protection of the log shipping condition is deleted (see 4.3.2.3 of Edition 2010);
f) The provisions of the operator’s seat are changed (see 4.2.1.3, 4.3.3 of Edition 2010);
g) The provisions of the rear window defrosting system are changed (see 4.2.2, 4.3.4 of Edition 2010);
h) The provisions of the swing brakes are changed (see 4.4, 4.5 of Edition 2010);
i) The provisions of stability and safety devices are changed (see 4.5, 4.6 of Edition 2010);
j) The provisions of the parking brake of small crawler excavators are deleted (see 4.7 of Edition 2010);
k) The regulations of the export of walking excavators are deleted (see 4.8.1.3 of Edition 2010);
l) The provisions of the bucket applications are changed (see 4.6.4.2, 4.8.4.2 of Edition 2010);
m) The provisions of the object-handling applications are added (see 4.6.4.3);
n) The provisions of the verification of safety requirements and/or protective measures are deleted (see Clause 5 of Edition 2010);
o) The provisions of the information for use are changed (see Clause 5, Clause 6 of Edition 2010);
p) The requirements for excavator swing brakes are changed (see Appendix A, Appendix B of Edition 2010).
This part is identical to ISO 20474-5:2017 Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 5: Requirements for hydraulic excavators.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. The issuing body of this document shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document was proposed by China Machinery Industry Federation.
This document is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Earth-moving Machine of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 334).
This document was firstly issued as GB 25684.5-2010 in 2010, and this edition is the first revision.
Introduction
This document is a type-C standard as stated in ISO 12100.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events are covered are indicated in the Scope of this document.
When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or B standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the other standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this type-C standard.
GB/T 25684 Earth-moving machinery - safety is a basic and universal standard that guides my country's earth-moving machinery products to meet relevant safety requirements. GB/T 25684 aims to establish general safety requirements applicable to earth-moving machinery products and special safety requirements for specific machine families. It is planned to be composed of 14 parts.
——Part 1: General requirements. The purpose is to establish general safety requirements applicable to all machine types in the earthmoving machinery industry, which is the basic standard of the safety series.
——Part 2: Requirements for dozers. The purpose is to propose specific safety requirements in line with the unique characteristics of bulldozer products.
——Part 3: Requirements for loaders. The purpose is to propose specific safety requirements that meet the unique characteristics of loader products.
——Part 4: Requirements for backhoe loaders. The purpose is to propose specific safety requirements in line with the unique characteristics of backhoe loader products.
——Part 5: Requirements for hydraulic excavators. The purpose is to propose specific safety requirements that meet the unique characteristics of hydraulic excavators.
——Part 6: Requirements for dumpers. The purpose is to propose specific safety requirements in line with the unique characteristics of dump truck products.
——Part 7: Requirements for scrapers. The purpose is to propose specific safety requirements that meet the unique characteristics of scraper products.
——Part 8: Requirements for graders. The purpose is to propose specific safety requirements that meet the unique characteristics of motor graders.
——Part 9: Requirements for pipelayers. The purpose is to propose specific safety requirements that meet the unique characteristics of the pipelayer products.
——Part 10: Requirements for trenchers. The purpose is to propose specific safety requirements that meet the unique characteristics of trencher products.
——Part 11: Requirements for landfill compactors. The purpose is to propose specific safety requirements in line with the unique characteristics of backfill compactor products.
——Part 12: Requirements for cable excavators. The purpose is to propose specific safety requirements that meet the unique characteristics of mechanical excavator products products.
——Part 13: Requirements for rollers. The purpose is to propose specific safety requirements in line with the unique characteristics of road roller products.
——Part 14: Requirements for small implement carriers. The purpose is to propose specific safety requirements that meet the unique characteristics of small implement carrier products.
The safety requirements of Part 2 ~ Part 14 are used in conjunction with the general requirements of Part 1 in order to better meet the requirements of use.
Earth-moving machinery - Safety
Part 5: Requirements for hydraulic excavators
1 Scope
This document gives the safety requirements specific to hydraulic excavators as defined in ISO 6165. This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth- moving machinery within its scope (see GB/T 25684.1-2021, Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance.
It is intended to be used in conjunction with GB/T 25684.1, which specifies general safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of GB/T 25684.1.
This document is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 8419-2007 Earth-moving machinery - Laboratory evaluation of operator seat vibration (ISO 7096:2000, IDT)
GB/T 17771-2010 Earth-moving machinery - Falling-object protective structures - Laboratory tests and performance requirements (ISO 3449:2005, IDT)
GB/T 25684.1-2021 Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 1: General requirements (ISO 20474-1:2017, IDT)
ISO 3471 Earth moving machinery - Rollover protective structures - Laboratory tests and performance requirements
Note: GB/T 17922-2014, Earth-moving machinery - Roll-over protective structures - Laboratory tests and performance requirements (ISO 3471:2008, IDT)
ISO 6165 Earth-moving machinery - Basic types - Identification and terms and definitions
Note: GB/T 8498-2017, Earth-moving machinery - Basic types - Identification and terms and definitions (ISO 6165:2012, IDT)
ISO 6682 Earth moving machinery - Zones of comfort and reach for controls
Note: GB/T 21935-2008, Earth-moving machinery - Zones of comfort and reach for controls (ISO 6682:1986/Amd.1:1989, IDT)
ISO 6683 Earth-moving machinery - Seat belts and seat belt anchorages - Performance requirements and tests
Note: GB/T 17921-2010, Earth-moving machinery - Seat belts and seat belt anchorages - Performance requirements and tests (ISO 6683:2005, MOD)
ISO 7135 Earth moving machinery - Hydraulic excavators - Terminology and commercial specifications
Note: GB/T 6572-2014, Earth-moving machinery - Hydraulic excavators - Terminology and commercial specifications (ISO 7135:2009, IDT)
ISO 7451 Earth-moving machinery - Volumetric ratings for hoe-type and grab-type buckets of hydraulic excavators and backhoe loaders
Note: GB/T 21941-2008, Earth-moving machinery - Volumetric ratings for hoe-type and grab-type buckets of hydraulic excavators and backhoe loaders (ISO 7451:2007, IDT)
ISO 7546 Earth-moving machinery - Loader and front loading excavator buckets - Volumetric ratings
Note: GB/T 21942-2008, Earth-moving machinery - Loader and front loading excavator buckets - Volumetric ratings (ISO 7546:1983, MOD)
ISO 8643 Earth-moving machinery - Hydraulic excavator and backhoe loader lowering control device - Requirements and tests
Note: GB/T 21938-2021, Earth-moving machinery - Hydraulic excavator and backhoe loader lowering control device - Requirements and tests (ISO 8643:2017, IDT)
ISO 10262 Earth-moving machinery - Hydraulic excavators - Laboratory tests and performance requirements for operator protective guards
Note: GB/T 19932-2005, Earth-moving machinery -- Hydraulic excavators - -Laboratory tests and performance requirements for operator protective guards (ISO10262:1998, MOD)
ISO 10567 Earth moving machinery - Hydraulic excavators - Lift capacity
Note: GB/T 13331-2014, Earth-moving machinery - Hydraulic excavators - Lift capacity (ISO 10567:2007, IDT)
ISO 12117 Earth-moving machinery - Tip-over protection structure (TOPS) for compact excavators - Laboratory tests and performance requirements
Note: GB/T 19930-2005, Earth-moving machinery -- Tip-Over Protection Structure(TOPS) for compact excavators -- Laboratory tests and performance requirements (ISO 12117:1997, MOD)
ISO 12117-2:2008/Amd 1:2016 Earth-moving machinery - Laboratory tests and performance requirements for protective structures of excavators - Part 2: Roll-over protective structures(ROPS) for excavators of over 6t
Note: GB/T 19930.2-2014, Earth-moving machinery - Laboratory tests and performance requirements for protective structures of excavators - Part 2: Roll-over protective structures (ROPS) for excavators of over 6t (ISO 12117-2:2008, IDT)
ISO 20474-1 Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 1: General requirements
Note: GB/T 25684.1-2021, Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 1: General requirements (ISO 20474-1:2017, IDT)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 20474-1, ISO 6165 and ISO 7135, and the following apply.
3.1
excavator
hydraulic excavator
self-propelled machine on crawlers, wheels or legs, having an upper structure normally capable of a 360° swing with mounted equipment, primarily designed for excavating with bucket, without moving the undercarriage during the work cycle
Note 1: An excavator work cycle normally comprises excavating, elevating, swinging and the discharging of material.
Note 2: An excavator can also be used for object or material handling/transportation.
Note 3: Unless specifically identified as a cable excavator, an excavator is commonly referred to as a hydraulic excavator.
Note 4: See Annex B for illustrations.
[SOURCE: GB/T 8498-2017, 4.4, modified]
3.1.1
compact excavator
excavator (3.1) with an operating mass 6,000 kg or less
Note: See Annex B for illustrations.
[SOURCE: GB/T 8498-2017, 4.4.4, modified]
3.1.2
walking excavator
excavator with three or more supporting legs which can be articulated, telescopic or both and which can be fitted with wheels
Note: See Annex B for an illustrations.
[SOURCE: GB/T 8498-2017, 4.4.2, modified]
3.2
extra-long reach equipment application
application of hydraulic excavator (3.1) equipped with extra-long reach equipment
Note: Extra-long reach equipment application includes the following:
——extra-long front equipment application consisting of an extra-long boom and an extra-long arm with lighter duty bucket for extra wide working range purpose;
——telescopic arm application;
——-telescopic arm with clamshell bucket application;
——extra-long front equipment demolition application consisting of an extra-long boom (multi-booms), extra- long arm and demolition attachment.
3.3
material handling
moving of scrap and loose bulk material, e.g. scrap iron, demolition debris and mulch
3.4
material handling excavator
hydraulic excavator (3.1) purpose-built for material handling and typically equipped with an elevated (fixed or movable) operator station
3.5
demolition application
demolishing by pushing or pulling, or fragmenting by crushing or shearing, buildings or other civil engineering structures and their component parts
3.6
swing
rotation of the upper structure of an excavator in relation to a fixed reference frame on the ground
3.7
working swing revolution speed
turntable-swing speed, reached in a 180° revolution of the upper structure with maximum rotation command input starting from a still position
Note: It is expressed in revolutions per minute (r/m).
3.8
deceleration swing angle
angle measured in degrees of swing while the swing motion is decelerated from working swing revolution speed to a complete stop (halt)
3.9
swing torque
torque which propels the upper structure relative to the undercarriage
Note: It is expressed in newton metres (N•m).
3.10
swing service brake
device or system to decelerate the rotation of the upper structure and to bring it to a stop in any position
Example: Frictional brake, electrically operated brake, hydrostatically or other hydraulically operated brake.
Note: See Annex A.
3.11
swing parking brake
device or system to hold the stopped upper structure in a stationary position
Note: See Annex A.
3.12
swing lock
mechanically engaged device designed to block the upper structure in a fixed position with respect to the undercarriage
Note: See Annex A.
4 Safety requirements and protection measures
4.1 General
Hydraulic excavators shall comply with the safety requirements and protective measures of ISO 20474-1, in as far as those are not modified by the specific requirements of this clause.
4.2 Operator station
4.2.1 Operator protection
4.2.1.1 Operator protective guard
Excavators with an operating mass greater than 1,500 kg shall be designed so that an operator protective guard can be fitted. The manufacturer, according to the intended use of the machine, shall offer a protective guard. The protective guard shall be in accordance with ISO 10262.
Note: For excavators used in demolition applications, additional requirements exist.
4.2.1.2 Roll-over protective structures (ROPS) and tip-over protective structures (TOPS)
4.2.1.2.1 Except for walking excavators (see 4.6.3), GB/T 25684.1-2021, 4.3.3 does not apply.
4.2.1.2.2 Hydraulic excavators with an operating mass of 1,000 kg up to 6,000 kg shall be equipped with a TOPS in accordance with ISO 12117. If the structure is compliant with the performance requirements given in both ISO 12117 (TOPS) and ISO 12117-2 (ROPS), the manufacturer may identify both standards (TOPS and ROPS) on the label.
4.2.1.2.3 Hydraulic excavators with an operating mass greater than 6,000 kg and less than 50,000 kg shall be provided with a ROPS in accordance with ISO 12117-2.
Foreword I
Introduction IV
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Safety requirements and protection measures
4.1 General
4.2 Operator station
4.3 Controls for driving and steering
4.4 Swing brakes
4.5 Stability and safety devices
4.6 Specific requirements for walking excavators
5 Information for use
Appendix A (Nominative) Requirements for excavator swing brakes
Annex B (Informative) Illustrations
Bibliography
