标准编号:	GB/T 24644-2022
中文名称:	农林拖拉机和机械 落物防护装置 试验规程和性能要求
英文名称:	Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry—Falling object protective structures—Test procedures and performance requirements
行业分类:	GB    国家标准
发布机构:	国家市场监督管理总局 国家标准化管理委员会
发布日期:	2022-10-12
实施日期:	2022-10-12
标准状态:	现行
替代旧标准:	GB/T 24644-2009 农林拖拉机落物防护装置 试验方法和性能要求
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	18000 字
翻译价格(元):	1600.00 元
交付时间:	付款后 1~3 个工作日

1 Scope

This document specifies the test procedures and performance requirements for fall protection devices installed on agricultural or forestry tractors.

This document is applicable to agricultural and forestry tractors with at least two axles equipped with pneumatic tires or caterpillar instead of tires. This document is not applicable to forestry machinery defined in GB/T19365.

2 Normative References

The contents in the following documents, through normative references, constitute indispensable provisions of this document. Among them, only the version corresponding to the date of reference is applicable to this document; For undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) is applicable to this document.

GB/T 229 Metallic Materials Charpy Pendulum Impact Test Method (GB/T 229-2020, ISO14811:2016, MOD)

GB/T 3098.1-2010 Mechanical Properties of Fasteners Bolts, Screws and Studs (ISO898-1:2009, MOD)

Note: There is no technical difference between GB/T 3098.1-2010 and ISO898-1:2009.

GB/T 3098.2-2015 Mechanical Properties of Fasteners Nuts (ISO 898-2:2012, MOD)

Note: There is no technical difference between GB/T 3098.2-2015 and ISO 8982:2012.

GB 3100 International System of Units and Its Application

GB/T 7121.1-2008 Strength Test Methods and Acceptance Conditions for Guards of Agricultural and Forestry Wheeled Tractors Part 1: Rear mounted Static Test Method (ISO 5700:2006, MOD)

Note: There is no technical difference between GB/T 7121.1008 and ISO5700:2006.

GB/T 7121.2-2008 Strength Test Methods and Acceptance Conditions for Guards of Agricultural and Forestry Wheeled Tractors Part 2: Rear mounted Dynamic Test Method (ISO 3463:2006, MOD)

Note: There is no technical difference between the contents quoted in GB/T 7121.2-2008 and those quoted in ISO3463:2006.

GB/T 17922 Earth moving machinery - Laboratory tests and performance requirements for rollover protective structures (GB/T 17922-2014, ISO3471:2008, IDT)

GB/T34560.1 Structural Steel Part 1: General Technical Delivery Conditions for Hot Rolled Products (GB/T 34560.1-2017, ISO630-1:2011, MOD)

ISO12003-1:2011 Agricultural and forestry tractors Roll over protection device for narrow track tractors Part 1: Front mounted

ISO12003-2:2021 Agricultural and forestry tractors Roll over protection device for narrow track tractors Part 2: Rear mounted

3 Terms and definitions

The following terms and definitions apply to this document.

three point one

Agricultural and forestry tractor

Wheel type or crawler type with at least two axles, specially used for towing agricultural trailers and for towing, pushing, carrying and driving can be equipped with detachable

Self propelled agricultural vehicles for unloading and loading agricultural and forestry machines and tools on the platform.

Note 2 The maximum design speed of agricultural vehicles is not less than 6 km/h, and one or more seats can be equipped.

three point two

Falling object protective structure; FOPS

A structural device that provides reasonable protection for the driver in the driving position against falling objects.

three point three

Roll over protective structure; ROPS

Protect the frame structure (safety cab or frame) of the agricultural and forestry tractor driver to avoid or reduce the possibility of driver injury due to rollover accident during normal operation.

Note: ROPS is represented by the space of the shelter area. The space consists of a series of connecting lines from the containment area of the structure or the outermost edge of the structure to the parts where the tractor may contact the ground. These parts can support the tractor when the tractor is in the rollover position.

three point four

Safetyzone

An area that provides protection for the tractor driver.

Note: The safe zone depends on the selected ROPS file. For tractors installed with ROPS complying with the test provisions of GB/T 7121.1-2008, GB/T 7121.22008, ISO 12003-1:221 or ISO 120032:221, the safety zone is the shelter area specified in these documents. For tractors installed with ROPS conforming to the test provisions of GB/T 17922, the safety zone is the deflection limit (DLV) specified in GB/T 17772.

4 Allowable error of measured value

± 5% or ± 1mm of the maximum displacement deformation. ± 0.5% mass.

5 Test preparation

5.1 Preparation for tractor and FOPS test

5.1.1 Whether the FOPS is manufactured by the tractor manufacturer or an independent company, the test shall be valid only for the tractor model under test. On the one hand, FOPS of each type of tractor should be retested. However, for tractor models derived from the original model by changing the engine, transmission, steering gear and front suspension (see Chapter 9), the testing agency can prove that the strength test is also effective. On the other hand, multiple FOPS can be tested for the same type of tractor.

5.1.2 The falling object protective device used for the test (hereinafter referred to as the "protective device scoop") shall at least include all components that transfer the load from the impact position of the falling test object to the safe area. The protective devices used for the test are as follows:

a) It is rigidly connected to the test bench at the normal installation position (see Figure 1);

b) The tractor chassis is rigidly connected to the test floor by any bracket, fastener or suspension used for normal production, and other tractor components that may be affected by the load imposed by the protective device, which are normally connected to the tractor chassis [see Figure 2a) and Figure 2b)].

5.1.3 FOPS can be designed to protect the driver only when objects fall onto the tractor, but it can also be equipped with more or less temporary weatherproof devices for the driver on the protective device. The driver usually removes it when the weather is warm. In addition, some FOPS covers are permanent and provide ventilation through windows or air outlets when the weather is warm.

5.1.4 As the covering layer can increase the strength of FOPS, and there may be no removable covering layer in case of falling objects, all components that can be removed by the driver shall be removed for test purposes. During the test, the openable doors, skylights and windows shall be removed or fixed in the open position to avoid increasing the strength of FOPS. Attention shall be paid to whether falling objects at this location will cause danger to the driver. If the FOPS has an openable sunroof and is part of the protective device, the test shall be conducted in both open and closed positions.

5.1.5 The FOPS test shall include the cover that cannot be removed during normal tractor operation. The instructions shall include a description of any temporary covers provided.

5.1.6 All glass or similar brittle materials shall be removed before the test. Tractor and ROPS components that may be damaged during the test but do not affect the strength of the FOPS or its dimensions may be removed before the test, if permitted by the manufacturer.

5.1.7 No maintenance or adjustment shall be carried out during the test. If multiple falling object tests are required, the manufacturer may provide multiple identical samples.

5.1.8 If the same protective device is used for FOPS and ROPS assessment, FOPS test shall be prior to ROPS test (according to GB/T7121.1-2008, GB/T7121.2-2008, GB/T17922, ISO12003-1:2011 or ISO12003-2:2011). It is allowed to remove the impact dent or replace the FOPS cover.

5.2 Test equipment and procedures

5.2.1 Equipment

5.2.1.1 The falling object shall be a solid steel ball or a ductile iron ball, as shown in Figure 3. During the test, its impact surface shall have the characteristics of preventing deformation. The typical mass of the falling object shall be 45kg, and the diameter of the contact surface of the sphere shall be 200mm and 250mm

5.2.1.2 Equipment for lifting falling objects to the specified height.

5.2.1.3 Equipment that releases falling objects to make them fall freely.

5.2.1.4 Hard plane that will not be hit by equipment or test bench under the load of falling object test.

s. 2.1. s' The method to determine whether FOPS enters the safety zone during the falling object test. It can be one of the following situations:

The vertically placed safety zone template is made of materials showing FOPS breakdown. In this case, the lower surface of FOPS cover can be coated with grease or other suitable materials to show such breakdown;

The dynamic instrument system with sufficient frequency response will display the expected deformation of FOPS relative to the safety zone. The top area of the safety area is defined by the following parts: points I1, A1, B1, C1, C2, B2, A2 and I2 of the shelter area in GB/T7121.1-2008 and GB/T7121.2-2008; Plane p described in 6.2 center and e) of ISO12003-1:2011 is determined by ISO12003-2:2011

The surface defined by points H1, A1, B1, C1, C2, B2, A2 and H2 in, and the top of DLV in GB/T17,922. If the tractor can travel in both directions (two-way seats and steering wheel), the safety zone shall be the envelope of two DLVs defined at two different positions of the steering wheel and seat.

5.2.1.6 If there is a safety zone template, it shall be fixed on the same part of the tractor connected to the driver's seat and shall remain unchanged throughout the test.

5.2.2 Test procedures

5.2.2.1 Place the falling object (see 5.2.1.1) on the upper part of FOPS at the position specified in 5.2.2.2.

5.2.2.2 The impact location shall be within the vertical projection area of the upper surface of the safety area. When the safety zone is represented by the shelter area, the impact point shall be located at the farthest position from the main structural members (see circle). When the safety zone is represented by DLV, the impact position shall be completely located in the vertical projection area of the upper safety zone of FOPS, directly above the DLV.

b) Case 2: The main horizontal members of the upper FOPS are located in the vertical projection area of the upper FOPS safety zone. If the thickness of the covering material is uniform in all surface areas above the safety area, the center of the test object shall be located in the surface of the largest area, which is the vertical projection area of the safety area, excluding the main horizontal components above the FOPS. The center of the test falling object shall be located at the point within the surface of the largest area closest to the upper center of the FOPS (see enclosure).

5.2.2.3 No matter whether the safety area is represented by shelter area or DLV, if different materials or materials of different thickness are used in different areas above the safety area, each area shall be subject to falling object test in turn. If multiple falling object tests are required, the manufacturer can provide multiple identical FOPS samples (or part of them) (one for each falling object test). If design features (such as the opening of windows or equipment, or changes in the thickness of covering materials or materials) indicate a more vulnerable position in the vertical projection of the safety zone, the falling object position shall be adjusted to this position. In addition, if the opening on the FOPS cover is to be filled with devices or equipment to provide adequate protection, these devices or equipment shall be installed in place during the falling object test.

5.2.2.4 Lift the falling object vertically above the position specified in 5.2.2.1 and 5.2.2.2 to a height sufficient to generate 1365J of energy.

5.2.2.5 Release falling objects to make them fall onto FOPS without restriction.

5.2.2.6 Since it is unlikely that the free falling object will accurately impact the position specified in 5.2.2.1 and 5.2.2.2, the deviation is limited at the foot of the mountain:

a) The impact of falling objects shall be completely within a circle with a radius of 100mm, and its center shall coincide with the vertical centerline of falling objects specified in 5.2.2.1 and 5.2.2.2;

b) The position and attitude of the subsequent impact caused by the rebound are unrestricted.

6 Performance Requirements

6.1 During the first or subsequent impact of the test falling object, no part of the protective device or falling object shall enter the safe area.

6.2 After falling object test, FOPS shall completely cover the vertical projection of the safety zone.

6.3 Falling objects shall not penetrate FOPS

7 Low temperature performance of protective device

If the protective device is declared to be capable of resisting low-temperature brittleness, the manufacturer shall give specific details in the test report. The embrittlement characteristics in cold weather shall be verified in accordance with the test specified in Chapter 5 at a temperature not higher than 18 ℃, or in accordance with Appendix C.

8 Identification

8.1 Labels are optional. The label shall at least include the following contents:

a) Name and address of the manufacturer of the protective device;

b) Number of protective device (design or serial number);

c) Make, model or serial number of the tractor fitted with the guard;

d) Energy level reached by the test

e) Number of this document.

8.2 The label shall be durable and permanently fixed on the protective device to make it easy to identify and protect it from environmental damage.

9 Test report

Test report shall be provided. The format of the approved test report shall comply with Appendix D. If different test report formats are used, the information required in Appendix D shall be included as a minimum.

Appendix A (Informative) Main Technical Changes between the Document and GB/T 24644-2009

Appendix B (informative) List of comparison between this document and ISO 27850:2013 structure number

Annex C (normative) Optional requirements for resistance to brittle fracture of FOPS at reduced operating temperature

Appendix D (normative) FOPS test report

Bibliography

Contents
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and definitions
4 Allowable error of measured value
5 Test preparation
6 Performance Requirements
7 Low temperature performance of protective device
8 Identification
9 Test report
Appendix A (Informative) Main Technical Changes between the Document and GB/T 24644-
Appendix B (informative) List of comparison between this document and ISO 27850:2013 structure number
Annex C (normative) Optional requirements for resistance to brittle fracture of FOPS at reduced operating temperature
Appendix D (normative) FOPS test report
Bibliography

1范围
本文件规定了在农业或林业拖拉机上安装的落物防护装置的试验规程和性能要求。
本文件适用于至少两个轴安装充气轮胎或履带代替轮胎的农林拖拉机。本文件不适用于GB/T19365定义的林业机械。
2规范性引用文件
下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注目期的引用文件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本文件。
GB/T 229 金属材料夏比摆锤冲击试验方法（GB/T 229-2020,ISO14811:2016, MOD)
GB/T 3098.1-2010 紧固件机械性能螺栓、螺钉和螺柱(ISO898-1:2009,MOD)
注:GB/T 3098.1-2010 被引用的内容与ISO898-1:2009被引用的内容没有技术上的差异。
GB/T 3098.2-2015 紧固件机械性能螺母(ISO 898-2:2012,MOD)
注:GB/T 3098.2-2015 被引用的内容与ISO 8982:2012被引用的内容没有技术上的差异。
GB 3100 国际单位制及其应用
GB/T 7121.1-2008 农林轮式拖拉机防护装置强度试验方法和验收条件第1部分:后置式静态试验方法(ISO 5700:2006, MOD)
注：GB/T 7121.12008被引用的内容与ISO5700:2006被引用的内容没有技术上的差异。
GB/T 7121.2-2008农林轮式拖拉机防护装置强度试验方法和验收条件第2部分:后置式动态试验方法(ISO 3463:2006, MOD)
注:GB/T 7121.2-2008 被引用的内容与ISO3463:2006被引用的内容没有技术上的差异。
GB/T 17922 土方机械滚翻保护结构实验室试验和性能要求（GB/T 17922-2014, ISO3471:2008, IDT)
GB/T34560.1结构钢第1部分:热轧产品一般交货技术条件（GB/T 34560.1-2017, ISO630-1:2011, MOD)
ISO12003-1:2021农林拖拉机窄轮距拖拉机翻滚防护装置第1部分:前置式
ISO12003-2:2021农林拖拉机窄轮距拖拉机翻滚防护装置第2部分:后置式
3术语和定义
下列术语和定义适用于本文件。
3.1
农林拖拉机agricultural and forestry tractor
至少具有两根车轴的轮式或履带式、专门用于牵引农业挂车和牵引、推动、运载和驱动能配备可拆
卸装载平台的农林机具的自走式农业车辆。
注2农业车辆最高的设计车速不小于6km/h，并可配备一个或多个座椅。
3.2
落物防护装置falling-object protective structure;FOPS
为在驾驶位置的驾驶员提供对头顶落物进行合理防护的结构装置。
3.3
滚翻防护装置roll-over protective structure;ROPS
保护农林拖拉机驾驶员的框架结构（安全驾驶室或框架），避免或降低正常作业时由于翻车事故而使驾驶员受伤的可能性。
注:ROPS由容身区的空间来表征，结构的包容区或结构最外边缘到拖拉机可能接触地面部位的一系列连线组成的空间，这些部位在拖拉机处于翻车位置时可支撑拖拉机。
3.4
安全区safetyzone
为拖拉机驾驶员提供保护的区域。
注：安全区取决于所选的ROPS文件。对于安装符合GB/T 7121.12008、GB/T 7121.22008、ISO 12003-1:2021或ISO 120032:2021试验规定的ROPS的拖拉机，安全区是这些文件中规定的容身区。对于安装符合GB/T 17922试验规定的ROPS的拖拉机，安全区是GB/T 17772中规定的挠曲极限量（DLV）。
4测量值的允许误差
位移最大变形的±5%或±1mm。质量±0.5%。
5试验准备
5.1拖拉机和FOPS试验准备
5.1.1无论FOPS由拖拉机制造商还是由独立公司生产，试验应仅对进行试验的拖拉机型号有效。一方面，对于每种型号的拖拉机的FOPS应重新进行试验。然而，对于通过改变发动机、传动系、转向器和前悬架（见第9章）而由原始型号衍生出来的拖拉机型号，检测机构可证明强度试验同样有效。另一方面，可为同一型号的拖拉机试验多种FOPS。
5.1.2用于试验的落物防护装置（以下简称“防护装置勺应至少包括将载荷从坠落试验物体的撞击位置传递到安全区的所有组件。用于试验的防护装置为下列之：
a)在常规安装位置（见图1)刚性连接到试验台上；
b)通过用于正常生产的任何支架、固定件或悬架，以及可能会受到防护装置施加的载荷影响的拖拉机其他部件，以常规方式连接到拖拉机底盘上［见图2a）和图2b）］，拖拉机底盘刚性地连接在试验地板上。
5.1.3FOPS可设计为仅用于在物体坠落到拖拉机上时保护驾驶员，但也可在防护装置上为驾驶员安装或多或少的临时性的防风雨装置。天气暖和时驾驶员通常会将其拆除。此外，有些FOPS的覆盖层是永久性的，在天气暖和时通过窗户或出风口提供通风。
5.1.4由于覆盖层可增加FOPS的强度，并且在发生落物事故时可能没有可拆卸的覆盖层，为了试验目的，应移除所有可由驾驶员拆除的部件。进行试验时，可打开的门、天窗和窗户应拆除或固定在打开位置，以避免增加FOPS的强度。应注意在该位置如果有物体坠落，是否会对驾驶员造成危险。如果FOPS带有可打开的天窗并且是防护装置的一部分，则应在打开和关闭两种位置都进行试验。
5.1.5FOPS试验应包括在拖拉机正常操作期间不能移除的覆盖层。说明书中应包含所提供的任何临时覆盖层的说明。
5.1.6试验前应移除所有玻璃或类似的脆性材料。如果制造商允许，可在试验前移除试验期间可能受损但不影响FOPS强度或其尺寸的拖拉机和ROPS部件。
5.1.7在试验过程中不应进行任何维修或调整。如果需要多次落物试验，制造商可提供多个相同的样品。
5.1.8如果同一防护装置用于FOPS和ROPS的考核，则FOPS试验应先于ROPS试验（根据GB/T7121.1-2008、GB/T7121.2-2008、GB/T17922、ISO12003-1:2021或ISO12003-2:2021的规定）。允许去除撞击凹痕或更换FOPS盖。
5.2试验设备和规程
5.2.1设备
5.2.1.1落物应为实心钢球或球墨铸铁球，如图3所示，试验期间其撞击面应具有防止变形的特性。落物的典型质量应为45kg，球体接触面直径为200mm250mm.
5.2.1.2将落物提升到规定高度的设备。
5.2.1.3释放落物使其不受限制地下落的设备。
5.2.1.4在落物试验的载荷下不会被设备或试验台撞人的坚硬平面。
s.2.1.s'在落物试验时确定FOPS是否进人安全区的方法。可为下列情况之一：
垂直放置的安全区模板，由显示FOPS击穿的材料制成，在这种情况下，可在FOPS盖的下表面涂上油脂或其他合适的材料来显示这种击穿；
由具有足够频率响应的动态仪表系统来显示FOPS相对于安全区的预计变形。安全区的顶部区域由以下部分定义：GB/T7121.1-2008和GB/T7121.2-2008中容身区的点I1、A1,B1、C1、C2、B2、A2和I2;ISO12003-1:2021中6.2心和e）中描述的平面p由ISO12003-2:2021
中的点H1,A1,B1,C1、C2、B2,A2和H2定义的面，以及GB/T17922的DLV顶部。如果拖拉机可双向行驶（双向座椅和方向盘），则安全区应为由方向盘和座椅的两个不同位置定义的两个DLV的包络线。
5.2.1.6如有安全区模板，其应固定在拖拉机与驾驶员座椅连接的同一个零件上，并应在整个试验期间保持不变。
5.2.2试验规程
5.2.2.1将落物（见5.2.1.1）置于FOPS的上部，位于5.2.2.2规定的位置。
5.2.2.2撞击位置应在安全区上表面的垂直投影区内。当安全区由容身区表示时，撞击点应位于离主要结构件最远的位置（见圈的。当安全区由DLV表示时，撞击位置应完全位于FOPS上部安全区的垂直投影区内，在该DLV的正上方。
b)情况2:FOPS上部的主要水平构件位于FOPS上部安全区的垂直投影区域内。如果安全区上方所有表面区域的覆盖材料厚度均匀，则试验落物的中心应位于最大区域的表面内，该区域是安全区的垂直投影区域，不含FOPS上部的主要水平构件。试验落物的中心应位于距离FOPS上部矩心最近的最大区域表面内的点（见围的。
5.2.2.3不论安全区是由容身区还是由DLV表示，如果在安全区上方的不同区域使用不同材料或不同厚度的材料，则每个区域应依次进行落物试验。如果需要多次落物试验，制造商可提供多个相同的FOPS样品（或其中一部分）（每次落物试验一个）。如果设计特征（例如窗户或设备的打开，或者覆盖材料或材料厚度的变化）显示在安全区的垂直投影内有更脆弱位置，则应将落物位置调整到此处。另外，如果FOPS盖上的开口拟填充装置或设备以提供足够的保护，在落物试验期间这些装置或设备应安装到位。
5.2.2.4垂直提升落物至5.2.2.1和5.2.2.2规定的位置上方，达到足以产生1365J能量的高度。
5.2.2.5释放落物，使其不受限制地落到FOPS上。
5.2.2.6由于自由落体不太可能使试验落物精确撞击5.2.2.1和5.2.2.2规定的位置，山下是对偏差的限制：
a)落物的撞击应完全在半径100mm的圆内，其中心应与5.2.2.1和5.2.2.2规定的落物的垂直中心线重合；
b)由于反弹造成后续影响的位置和姿态不受限制。
6性能要求
6.1在试验落物的第一次或随后的撞击中，防护装置的任何部分或落物不应进入安全区。
6.2落物试验后，FOPS应完全覆盖安全区的垂直投影。
6.3落物不应穿透FOPS.
7防护装置的低温性能
如果防护装置声明具有抵抗低温脆性的能力，制造商应在试验报告中给出具体细节。寒冷天气下的脆化特性应在不高于18℃的温度条件下按照第5章规定的试验进行验证，或按照附录C的规定进行验证。
8标识
8.1标签是可选的。提供标签时，应至少包含以下内容：
a）司防护装置制造商的名称和地址；
b)防护装置编号（设计或系列号）；
c)装配防护装置的拖拉机的品牌、型号或系列号；
d)试验达到的能量水平
e)本文件编号。
8.2标签应耐用并永久地固定于防护装置上，使其便于识别，并且应保护其免受环境损坏。
9试验报告
应提供试验报告。认可的试验报告格式应符合附录D的规定。如果使用不同的试验报告格式，应至少包含附录D中要求的信息。
附录A(资料性)本文件与GB/T 24644—2009的主要技术变化
附录B（资料性)本文件与ISO 27850:2013结构编号对照一览表
附录C(规范性)FOPS在降低的操作温度下抵抗脆性断裂的可选要求
附录D(规范性)FOPS试验报告
参考文献