GB/T 2414.2-2025 Test methods for the properties of piezoelectric ceramics—Transverse length extension vibration mode for bar English, Anglais, Englisch, Inglés, えいご
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ICS 31.140 CCS L90
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
GB/T 2414.2-2025 Replaces GB/T 2414.2-1998
TEST METHODS FOR THE PROPERTIES OF PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMICS—TRANSVERSE LENGTH EXTENSION VIBRATION MODE FOR BAR
Issued on August 29, 2025
Implemented on March 1, 2026
Issued by State Administration for Market Regulation
Standardization Administration of China
Contents
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 Test Principle
5 Test Equipment
6 Test Conditions
7 Test Specimens
8 Test Procedures
9 Calculation of Piezoelectric Ceramic Material Parameters
Appendix A (Informative) Corresponding Numerical Tables
1 Scope
This document specifies the test methods for dielectric, piezoelectric, and elastic properties of piezoelectric ceramic materials in transverse length extension vibration mode for bars.
This document applies to the testing of parameter performance for piezoelectric ceramic materials in transverse length extension vibration mode.
2 Normative References
The following documents contain provisions that, through reference in this text, constitute essential clauses of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies; for undated references, the latest version (including amendments) applies.
GB/T 2413 Measurement methods for bulk density of piezoelectric ceramic materials
GB/T 3389.1 Ferroelectric and piezoelectric ceramics—Vocabulary
3 Terms and Definitions
Terms and definitions defined in GB/T 3389.1 apply to this document.
4 Test Principle
4.1 Equivalent Circuit and Characteristic Frequencies
The electromechanical properties of a piezoelectric ceramic vibrator vibrating freely in a single mode near its resonant frequency can be represented by the equivalent circuit shown in Figure 1. It consists of a series branch (dynamic capacitance C1C1, dynamic inductance L1L1, dynamic resistance R1R1) connected in parallel with a shunt capacitance C0C0. These parameters can be considered frequency-independent near resonance.
Figure 1 Equivalent Circuit
The admittance YY of the piezoelectric ceramic vibrator is given by:
where:
In the conductance-susceptance plane, the trajectory of the terminal of the series branch admittance Y1Y1 vector forms a circle as frequency changes. When the mechanical quality factor QmQm is large, ωC0ωC0 varies negligibly in the resonant region and can be treated as a constant. Assuming no dielectric loss, the admittance circle diagram of the piezoelectric ceramic vibrator is shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2 Admittance Circle Diagram
From the admittance circle diagram, six characteristic frequencies are derived:
fsfs = series resonant frequency
fpfp = parallel resonant frequency
frfr = resonant frequency (zero susceptance)
fafa = antiresonant frequency (zero susceptance)
fmfm = maximum admittance frequency (minimum impedance frequency)
fnfn = minimum admittance frequency (maximum impedance frequency).
The merit factor MM is defined as:
where CTCT is the free capacitance (F), and ZmZm is the minimum impedance (Ω).
4.2 Test Overview
This document adopts the bridge method to test material properties of piezoelectric ceramic bars in transverse length extension vibration mode.
An impedance analyzer measures the maximum admittance frequency fmfm, minimum admittance frequency fnfn, and minimum impedance ZmZm; or resonant frequency frfr, antiresonant frequency fafa, and resonant resistance RrRr.
After obtaining the dynamic resistance R1R1, the electromechanical coupling coefficient k31k31 can be determined either by calculation or by consulting Appendix A, and other parameters of the piezoelectric vibrator can be derived.
