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Code of Practice for the Design and Manufacture of Children’s Clothing to Promote Mechanical Safety 1 Scope This standard specifies the implementation specifications of materials, design and manufacture of children's (under 14 years old) clothing to improve mechanical safety of children's clothing. This standard is applicable to the children's (under 14 years old) clothing. 2 Normative References The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this standard, constitute provisions of this standard. For dated reference, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, all parties coming to an agreement according to this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest editions of these documents are applicable. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. GB/T 1335.3 Standard sizing systems for garments - Children GB/T 6529 Textiles—Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing GB/T 8685 Textiles—Care labelling code using symbols GB/T 15557 Standard terminology relating to apparel GB/T 22702 Standard safety size for drawstrings on children’s upper wear GB/T 22705 Safety specifications for cords and drawstrings on children’s clothing FZ/T 80003 Textiles and garments-Seam types-Classification and terminology QB/T 2171 Metal slide fasteners QB/T 2172 Injection molding slide fasteners QB/T 2173 Nylon slide fasteners 3 Terms and Definitions For the purposes of this standard, the terms and definitions established in GB/T 15557 and the following ones apply. 3.1 Filling material Waddings and foams which are encased in fabric to form part of the structure of a garment 3.2 Fit trial Supervised fitting of a prototype garment. 3.3 Foreign objects Objects not intended to belong to the product. 3.4 Non-detachable components Components attached to a garment that are not intended to detach during normal use. 3.5 Ischemic injuries Injuries to parts of the body resulting from a restriction of blood circulation. 3.6 Motif Decorative attachment, usually made from fabric, which may be secured to a garment by stitching or adhesive. Note: in this standard, “motif” doesn’t include printed designs which are which are applied as a coating directly to the fabric. 3.7 Snap; press fasteners If fastening devices usually consisting of male and female component parts; components of each gender are attached to corresponding parts of the garment and fasten together by aligning and applying force. 3.8 Repeated aftercare A number of aftercare treatments, in accordance with the care label, to reflect the intended end use and useful life of a garment. 3.9 Hazard Potential source of harm to the wearer. 3.10 Risk Probable rate of occurrence of a hazard causing harm to the wearer and the degree of severity of the harm. 3.11 Risk assessment Thorough evaluation of potential mechanical hazards to the end user resulting from the design, construction, materials or components of a garment. 3.12 Sharp objects Objects with edges or points which are exposed or may become exposed and which are likely to cause a cutting or piercing injury to the wearer 3.13 Touch and close fastener Fastener comprising hook surface and knap surface tapes, one engages the other forming a secure closure, which is also called as velcro. 3.14 Wear trial User trial by the originator of a garment in order to obtain information on the wear performance and characteristics of the garment 3.15 Mechanical hazard Injuries such as tripping, slipping, falling, choking, induced vomiting, entrapment, lacerations and restricted blood circulation, suffocation and strangulation of the wearer caused by the non-physical chemical property factors of garment, are detailed in Appendix A. 4 Exchange of Information 4.1 General The exchange of information between all parties concerned with the design and manufacturing operations should be arranged that the party has a full knowledge of the particulars of the work and provides information to other parties to cooperate to complete mechanically safe garments. Information should include the results of any risk assessments carried out. See 6.1. 4.2 Design details The designer must provide the requirements of relevant materials and components to the purchasing department and production department in written, picture, template or prototype garment type, including: ——Description of the garment and the intended end use and age group; ——Description and positions of any buttons or press fasteners to be attached to the garment; ——Description and function of any slide fastener to be attached to the garment; ——Description and position of any touch and close fastener to be attached to the garment; ——Description and position of any filling material and foam to be incorporated in the garment; ——Description and position of any elasticated area of the garment; ——Description and position of any pom-pom, bow or motif to be attached to the garment; ——Description and position of any cord or ribbon to be attached to the garment; ——Description of any hood to be attached to the garment; ——The results of the risk assessment, see 6.1. 5 Materials and Components 5.1 General Materials and components should be purchased from suppliers operating a quality management system. Care labels shall be correctly selected according to the requirements of GB/T 8685. Components should not break or disintegrate when subjected to repeated garment aftercare in accordance with the care label. The type and frequency of aftercare processes shall be taken into consideration when assessing safety-critical performance values. All performance tests should be carried out after at least five appropriate aftercare processes. 5.2 Fabric 5.2.1 Fabrics should not present a mechanical risk or hazard to the wearer when forming part of a garment. 5.2.2 Fabric used to support a sewn-on component, for example a button, shall not be tear at unduly low loads, and reinforcement material should be used at the suture of component. The test method of tear-off force of garment component, see Appendix B. 5.3 Filling materials Filling materials, for example those used for quilting or waddings, should not contain any hard or sharp objects. 5.4 Thread Monofilament sewing thread is used to process zephyr or knitted fabric, and shall not be used in the manufacture of children’s garments. Thread used to support a sewn-on component, for example a button, shall not break at unduly low loads. The test method of tear-off force of garment component, see Appendix B. 5.5 Non-detachable components 5.5.1 Buttons 5.5.1.1 All buttons used on children’s clothing should pass the strength tests given in Appendix C. Buttons composed of more than one rigid component which could disassemble to cause a hazard, or could separate from the garment, shall not be used on garments designed for children (90cm or below in height) aged three years old and under. Note: in this standard, refer to GB/T 1335.3 for the child height. 5.5.1.2 Button should not have sharp edges since these may have danger. 5.5.1.3 Buttons should not be used which bear any resemblance to food. 5.5.2 Other components On garments for children (90 cm or below in height) aged three years old and under, pom-poms should not be used, motif, patterns and labels should not be attached on garment only by adhesive; it shall be guaranteed that garment not fall off after several times of aftercare. 5.6 Slide fasteners The purchase of slide fasteners shall comply with QB/T 2171, QB/T 2172 and QB/T 2173. Slide fasteners with plastic elements (teeth) may reduce the severity of an injury if entrapment does occur. 5.7 Elastics Elastics should be used elastics without introducing a risk of injury to the wearer, see 6.7. 6 Design 6.1 General Not only the complete range of sizes to be manufactured, the age-related abilities of the child and the circumstances under which the garment is intended for use shall be taken into consideration, but also the mechanical hazards under any circumstances such as tripping, slipping, falling, choking, induced vomiting, entrapment, lacerations and restricted blood circulation, suffocation and strangulation, see Appendix A. Each potential hazard needs to be considered and actions taken to minimize risks. 6.2 Cords, ribbons, bows and neckties 6.2.1 The design of the cords and drawstrings of garment shall meet the requirements of GB/T 22702 and GB/T 22705. 6.2.2 The bows on the garments designed for children (90 cm or below in height) aged three years old and under shall be fixed to prevent mistaken eating, and the bow tail end shall not exceed 5 cm. The ends of ribbon and bow shall be fixed sufficiently and not loose. Appropriate techniques include bartacking, heat sealing, or the use of plastic sleeve on cords. Where plastic sleeve is used to terminate cords, it shall withstand a pull-off force of at least 100 N, the test in accordance with the procedure in Appendix D. 6.2.3 Neckties similar to the those for adults are not allowed to use on the garments for children (100 or below in height) under 5 years old. Children's necktie shall be easily to pull off, and avoid winding; touch and close fastener or clamp may be used on neckline. 6.3 Fillings and foams 6.3.1 Garments which contain fillings or foam should be designed so that the filling material is inaccessible and secure for children . 6.3.2 The garment should be manufactured to ensure that the seams which encapsulate the filling material are strong enough not to fail in wear. 6.4 Garments with integral feet Slip resistance of garments with feet which are intended as indoor clothing shall be reinforced. An example is the use of a friction enhancing surface bonded to the fabric on the sole of the garment. 6.5 Hoods 6.5.1 Sleep-wear designed for children (90cm and below in height) aged three years old and under should not have hoods. 6.5.2 When designing garments with hoods and headwear, the hazards affecting children’s vision or hearing shall be minimized. 6.5.3 Designers should carry out a risk assessment for the possibility of snagging and entrapment. Where this is found to be a problem, measures should be taken to minimize the risk. 6.6 Garment sizing According to GB/T 1335.3 or other suitable anthropometric data. 6.7 Elasticated cuffs Elasticated cuffs can cause a reduction in blood flow to the hands or feet if the elastic is too tight or too strong and is of particular concern in babywear garments. The design shall refer to GB/T 1335.3. Records of materials used and of critical measurements shall form part of the manufacturing specification and these should include relaxed and stretch measurements. 6.8 Slide fasteners in boys’ trousers 6.8.1 functional slide fasteners shall not be used in the fly area of garments designed for boys (100cm and below in height) aged five years old and under. 6.8.2 It is recommended that all boys’ garments with a zip fly are designed with an inner flap at least 2 cm wide secured by stitching across the fly opening at the bottom. 7 Manufacturing Procedures 7.1 General Manufacturers should document their manufacturing practices and procedures keeping adequate records of all activities relating to product safety. Records should be in a form which allows traceability 7.2 Elastication The size of elastics at loose state shall be issued in the manufacturing specification and the stitching procedures, see 6.7. 7.3 Sharp objects Pins, staples or other sharp objects used in the manufacture of clothing can cause serious injury if they come into contact with the wearer. Manufacturers should avoid their use. 7.4 Sewing needles 7.4.1 Manufacturers shall practice good housekeeping and have documented procedures to ensure that garments are not contaminated with needles or needle fragments. It is recommended that a needle control procedure is adopted by manufacturer, which includes: a) Identify a person who will be responsible for the issue of needles; b) Ensure that only the designated person has access to needles; c) Ensure that new needles are only issued on receipt of the old ones; d) Require all pieces of a broken needle to be retrieved or destruction of the offending garment; e) Record all incidents of broken needles and details of the actions taken. 7.4.2 The procedure and the actions taken should be in written form enabling the system to be independently audited. 7.4.3 the above method is also applicable to knitting machine needles and linking points. 7.5 Metal contamination 7.5.1 Metal detection 7.5.1.1 Metal detector scanning of garments can provide additional security against contamination although it shall complement needle control and other procedures and not be in place of them. 7.5.1.2 Metal detection devices shall be calibrated daily to ensure that the sensitivity of the equipment is correct. 7.5.1.3 Metal detection shall be carried out prior to the attachment of metal components. 7.5.1.4 needle detector and compatible instrument shall be used after production is completed. 7.5.2 Garment identification Inspected garments should be clearly identifiable from those not yet inspected or rejected garments. 7.6 Buttons Buttons attached by lockstitch and handstitch re generally more secure provided that the process is adequately controlled. Buttons attached by chainstitch can be prone to becoming detached and should not be used for garments for children (90cm or above in height) aged three years old and under. The stitch type classifications, take reference to FZ/T 80003. 7.7 Press fasteners 7.7.1 Instructions relating to the application of press fasteners shall be made available to those involved in the process. This shall include the type of press fastener and the position etc. 7.7.2 Manufacturers shall have a procedure to control the fastness of press fasteners, and shall test the fastness of press fasteners according to Appendix E: a) Ensure that suitable fasteners are selected, see 5.1; b) Ensure the accuracy of metal formwork and setting; c) Set out machine inspection routines and frequencies; d) Set out garment inspection criteria; e) Record abnormal phenomenon for inquire in the future; f) Clearly label or otherwise identify all non-conforming garments and separate them from production; g) Pinch settings on press fastener machines shall be recorded and checked at least twice per shift to ensure correct application of the press fastener. h) Pre-washed garments shall be attached with press fasteners after washing process. 7.8 Fillings and foams When processing seam allowance of fillings or foams, adequate seam allowance shall be taken, see 6.3. 8 Inspection and Testing of Materials and Garments 8.1 General 8.1.1 It is essential that personnel involved in inspection and testing are supplied with all relevant information to enable them to perform their task effectively. 8.1.2 Safety inspection of garments shall be carried out during the construction of the garment and after completion of the garment. 8.2 Component attachment Components shall not become detached as a result of fabric failure (see 5.2.2) or thread failure (see 5.4), see Appendix B and Appendix E. 8.3 Loose threads and floats There shall be no loose threads or uncut floats longer than 1 cm in the hand or foot area of garments designed for children (75 cm or below in height) up to 12 months old. 8.4 Foreign objects Completed garments shall be inspected to ensure that foreign objects are not present. Garments with feet shall be turned inside out to ensure the conducting of inspection. 8.5 Disposal of rejected garments Garments which are rejected shall be clearly marked to distinguish them from perfect garments. Garments which have been rejected for safety reasons shall only be released for sale after they have been corrected. Foreword 1 Scope 2 Normative References 3 Terms and Definitions 4 Exchange of Information 5 Materials and Components 7 Manufacturing Procedures 8 Inspection and Testing of Materials and Garments Appendix A (informative) Potential Mechanical Hazards to Children from Their Clothing Appendix B (normative) Test Method for Determining the Fall-off Strength of a Sewn-on Component Appendix C (normative) Test Method of Button Strength Appendix D (normative) Test method for Determining the Security of Plastic Sleeve on Cords Appendix E (normative) Test Method for Determining the Operability of Press Fasteners Attached to the Fabric Best wishes by Means Other than Sewing 提高机械安全性的儿童服装设计和生产实施规范 1 范围 本标准规定了14岁以下儿童服装的材料、设计、生产的实施规范，以提高儿童服装的机械安全性。 本标准适用于14岁以下儿童穿着的服装。 2 规范性引用文件 下列文件中的条款通过本标准的引用而成为本标准的条款。凡是注日期的引用文件，其随后所有的修改单(不包括勘误的内容)或修订版均不适用于本标准，然而，鼓励根据本标准达成协议的各方研究是否可使用这些文件的最新版本。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本适用于本标准。 GB/T 1335.3 服装号型 儿童 GB/T 6529 纺织品 调湿和试验用标准大气 GB/T 8685 纺织品 维护标规范 符号法 GB/T 15557 服装术语 GB/T 22702 儿童上衣拉带安全规格 GB/T 22705 童装绳索和拉带安全要求 FZ/T 80003 纺织品和服装 缝纫型式 分类和术语 QB/T 2171 金属拉链 QB/T 2172 注塑拉链 QB/T 2173 尼龙拉链 3 术语和定义 GB/T 15557确立的以及下列术语和定义适用于本标准。 3.1 填充材料 filling material 嵌入服装而成为服装组成部分的填料、泡沫等材料。 3.2 合体试验 fit trial 检查样衣的合体性。 3.3 外部部件 foreign objects 不属于服装产品本身的部件。 3.4 不可拆分服装部件 non-detachable components 在正常使用时，不可分开且附在服装上的部件。 3.5 局部缺血性伤害 ischemic injuries 由于血液循环受阻引起对身体部位的伤害。 3.6 花边 motif 通常由面料制成，缝在服装上或粘在服装上的装饰性部件。 注：在本标准中，“花边”并不包括印花设计中直接运用到面料中的涂层或涂料。 3.7 四合扣 snap；press fasteners 起固紧作用的部件，通常由凸和凹两部分固定在服装相应的位置，对齐后运用外力扣紧。 3.8 重复后整理 repeated aftercare 符合洗涤标签的一系列后整理措施，反映了服装的用途和使用寿命。 3.9 危险 hazard 对穿着者构成伤害的潜在因素。 3.10 风险 risk 对穿着者构成伤害的危险发生的可能性和伤害的严重程度。 3.11 风险评估 risk assessment 评估服装设计、结构、材料或部件对最终使用者产生机械性危害的过程。 3.12 尖锐物体 sharp objects 穿着时物体的边或角已经暴露或者可能会暴露，并对穿着者造成刺伤或刮伤的物件，通常包括锐利尖端、锐利边缘。 3.13 粘扣带 touch and close fastener 由勾面和绒面的带子组成，勾面和绒面结台起到固定作用。也称魔术贴。 3.14 穿衣试验 wear trial 服装开发人员通过产品使用者试穿服装产品，获取服装穿着性能和特征信息的活动。 3.15 机械性危害 mechanical hazard 由服装非理化性能因素对穿着者构成的失足、滑倒、摔倒、哽塞、呕吐、缠绊、裂伤、血液循环受阻、窒息伤亡、勒死等伤害，参见附录A。 4 信息交流 4.1 概述 设计与生产部门之间应进行信息交流.保证每个部门了解细节并向其他部门提供足够的信息，合作完成具有机械安全性的服装。信息交流包括可能发生的所有危险的评估结果，见6.1。 4.2 设计细节 设计师必须事先向采购部门和生产部门提供有关材料、部件的要求，可以采用文字、图片、样板或样衣的形式，包括： ——关于服装、设计意图、目标消费者年龄的描述； ——关于附在服装上所有纽扣或四合扣的位置和描述； ——关于附在服装上所有拉链的功能和描述； ——关于附在服装上所有粘扣带的位置和描述； ——关于嵌入服装中所有填充材料和泡沫的位置和描述； ——关于服装上所有松紧带的位置和描述； ——关于附在服装上所有有绒球、蝴蝶结或花边的位置和描述； ——关于附在服装上所有绳索或缎带的位置和描述； ——关于附在服装上风帽的描述； ——风险评估描述，见6.1。 5 材料和部件 5.1 概述 服装材料和部件应从质量有保证的生产商处采购。按照GB/T 8685的规定正确选择护理标签。按照护理标签重复后整理后，部件不被损坏和破裂。评价服装安全性时需考虑后整理类别和频率，所有性能测试都应经过至少五次合适的后整理。 5.2 面料 5.2.1 作为服装的组成部分.面料不应对穿着者产生机械性危险或危害。 5.2.2 用于支撑缝合部件(如纽扣)的面料在低负荷下不应被撕破.宜在部件缝合处使用加固材料。服装部件脱落强度的测试方法按照附录B。 5.3 填充材料 用于衬里或絮判的填充材料不得吉有硬或尖的物体。 5.4 线 单丝缝纫线用于加工细薄织物或针织物，童装制作中不应使用单丝缝纫线。在低负荷下，缝合部件(如纽扣)的缝纫线不应被拉断，服装部件脱落强度的测试方法按照附录B。 5.5 不可拆分部件 5.5.1 纽扣 5.5.1.1 童装纽扣应进行强度测试，测试步骤按照附录C。两个或两个以上刚硬部分构成的纽扣，容易引发组件分离或脱离服装的危险，不应用于三岁及三岁以下(身高90 cm及以下)童装。 注：在本标准中，儿童身高参考GB/T 1335.3。 5.5.1.2 纽扣边缘不允许尖锐，防止造成危险。 5.5.1.3 与食物颜色或外形相似的纽扣不允许用于童装。 5.5.2 其他部件 三岁及三岁以下(身高90 cm及以下)童装不应使用绒球。花边、图案和标签不能只用胶粘剂粘贴在服装上，应保证经多次服装后整理后不脱落。 5.6 拉链 拉链的采购应遵循QB/T 2171、QB/T 2172、QB/T 2173。塑料拉链可减轻夹住事故的伤害程度。 5.7 松紧带 松紧带的使用应避免给服装穿着者带来伤害，见6.7。 6 设计 6.1 概述 设计时不仅要考虑产品的所有号型、各年龄阶段儿童的能力，还要考虑服装在各种情况下的机械性危害，包括失足、滑倒、摔倒、哽塞、呕吐、缠绊、裂伤、血液循环受阻、窒息伤亡、勒死等，参见附录A。应考虑每一种危险，并采取相应措施降低危险发生的可能性。 6.2 绳索、缎带、蝴蝶结和领带 6.2.1 设计服装的绳索、拉带时，应符合GB/T 22702、GB/T 22705的规定。 6.2.2 三岁或三岁以下(身高90 cm及以下)童装上的蝴蝶结应固定以防止被误食，且蝴蝶结尾端不超过5 cm。缎带、蝴蝶结的末端应充分固定保证不松开。可运用恰当的工艺技术，包括套结、热封或在绳索上使用塑料管套。在绳索末端使用塑料管套应能承受至少100 N的拉力，测试步骤按照附录D。 6.2.3 五岁(身高100 cm及以下)以下儿童服装不允许使用与成年人领带类似的领带。儿童领带应设计为易脱卸，防止缠绕，可在领圈上使用粘扣带或夹子。 6.3 絮料和泡沫 6.3.1 带有絮料或泡沫的服装，其填充材料不得被儿童获取，保证安全可靠。 6.3.2 服装生产过程中应确保包覆填充材料的缝线牢固，防止穿着时缝线断、脱。 6.4 连脚服装 室内穿着的连脚服装应增强防滑性，如在服装脚底面料上粘合摩擦面。 6.5 风帽 6.5.1 三岁或三岁以下(身高90 cm及以下)儿童的睡衣不允许带有风帽。 6.5.2 为童装设计风帽和头套时，应将影响儿童视力或听力的危害降至最低。 6.5.3 设计师应对勾住、夹住危险进行风险评估。凡发生问题的地方，应采取措施降低危害。 6.6 服装号型 按GB/T 1335.3或其他合适的人体测量数据。 6.7 带松紧带的袖口 袖口松紧带过紧或过硬会阻碍手或脚部的血液循环，特别是在婴儿服中需要注意，其设计应参照GB/T 1335.3，生产说明书中应包括伸缩性和弹性测试在内的面料使用记录、关键试验记录等。 6.8 男童裤装拉链 6.8.1 五岁及五岁以下(身高100cm及以下)男童服装的门襟区域不得使用功能性拉链。 6.8.2 男童裤装拉链式门襟应设计至少2 cm宽的内盖，覆盖拉链开口，沿门襟底部将拉链开口缝住。 7 生产步骤 7.1 概述 生产商应记录生产过程、步骤，详细记录与产品安全有关的所有环节，保证能随时查询。 7.2 松紧带 生产说明书和松紧带缝合工序中应写明松紧带松弛状态的尺寸，见6.7。 7.3 尖锐物体 服装生产过程中的针、钉或其他尖锐物与穿着者接触会造成严重伤害。生产商应尽量避免尖锐物的使用。 7.4 缝纫针 7.4.1 生产商应注重厂房管理，记录各生产步骤，保证服装不受针或断针带来的污染。生产商宜引进缝针控制工序，包括： a) 确定1人负责缝纫针的发放； b) 保证只有指定的人才能接触缝纫针； c) 保证收回旧缝针后才发放新缝针； d) 回收所有断针碎片或处理断针服装； e) 记录所有断针事件和处理办法。 7.4.2 书面记录所有工序和处理办法，可独立审查各环节。 7.4.3 上述方法同样适用于针织机针和套口机针。 7.5 金属污染 7.5.1 金属探测 7.5.1.1 使用服装金属扫描探测仪使服装免受金属污染，但不完全替代针控和其他程序。 7.5.1.2 每天进行金属探测装置的校准，应保证设备的灵敏度。 7.5.1.3 带有金属成分的部件在附入服装之前应进行金属探测。 7.5.1.4 缝针探测器和兼容仪器应在生产完成后使用。 7.5.2 服装分类 应明确区分已检验、未检验或被退回的服装。 7.6 纽扣 锁式线迹和手缝线迹的工序应得引自敢控制，固定在服装上的纽扣应较牢固。链式线迹固定在服装上的纽扣易脱落，因此不适用于三岁或三岁以下(身高90 cm及以下)童装。线迹分类类型参照FZ/T 80003。 7.7 四合扣 7.7.1 四合扣的使用说明应告知生产工序的操作人员，包括四合扣类型、位置等。 7.7.2 生产商应按照下列程序控制四合扣的牢固性，按照附录E对四合扣自身的牢固性进行测试： a) 确认选择了合适的四合扣，见5.1。 b) 确认机器金属模板和配置的精确性。 c) 设置机器检测路线和频率。 d) 设置服装检测标准。 e) 记录异常现象以便今后查询。 f) 明确标注或鉴别特殊的服装，与正常产品区分开。 g) 四合扣机夹持设置变动一次，至少检查和记录两次，保证四合扣的正确使用。 h) 预水洗的服装在水洗工序完成后安装四合扣。 7.8 絮料和泡沫 处理絮料或泡沫的缝份时，保证足够的缝份量，见6.3。 8 材料、服装的检验和测试 8.1 概述 8.1.1 检验和测试人员根据说明书、工作明细表及本标准，有效完成服装安全性检查工作。 8.1.2 服装制作过程中、制作完成后均应进行安全性检测。 8.2 组合部件 不允许各部件由于面料破损(见5.2.2)、缝线损坏(见5.4)等原因，从服装上脱落，见附录B和附录E。 8.3 松线和浮线 12个月以下(身高75 cm及以下)儿童服装，在手或脚处不应有松线和长度超过1 cm的未修剪的浮线。 8.4 外部部件 制作完成后进行服装检测，不允许与服装无关的部件隐藏在服装内。连脚服装应翻出，保证检测的进行。 8.5 对退回服装的处理 退回的服装应做好明确标记，不与完好的服装混淆。由于安全问题被退回的服装只能在完全修正后出售。 附录A (资料性附录) 服装对儿童可能产生的机械性危害 A.1 局部缺血性伤害 在人体足部或手部，松散、未修剪的绳线会包覆手指或脚趾，阻碍血液循环，产生局部缺血性伤害。这种危害短时间内不易察觉。为婴儿设计服装时需注意，袖口的松紧带太紧或太硬都会阻碍足部或手部血液循环。 A.2 拉链引起的夹持事故 带有拉链的男裤易造成儿童生殖器被拉链齿夹住。虽然减少拉链的使用可消除危险，但不是长久、实用的方法。 A.3 尖锐物体伤害 包含尖锐物体的服装会对儿童产生刺伤、划伤或更严重的伤害。纽扣、拉链或装饰物上的尖锐边缘、穿着或后整理过程中部件磨损产生的尖锐边缘都会对穿着者造成伤害。服装生产、包装过程中使用的针、钉和其他尖锐物体，如果残留在服装中，也会给消费者带来严重伤害。 A.4 可拆分部件伤害 纽扣是服装意外事故和消费者投诉的最主要原因，其次是四合扣部件。当四合扣与服装分离时，其尖爪暴露在外，给穿着者带来伤害。纽扣、套环、花边等许多部件与服装分离，可能会给儿童带来危害，特别是三岁及三岁以下的儿童。儿童把服装部件放入嘴里、鼻子、耳朵，造成窒息危险，例如石洗工序中的残渣。 A.5 勒伤、勾住和缠绊 带有绳索的服装易导致勒伤、勾住和缠绊等伤害。非功能性绳索应尽量避免使用，功能性绳索可由安全的设计元素代替。用坚硬部件终结绳索末端，例如套环或铃铛等，可能会增加缠绊的危险，尤其是青少年服装。与成年人领带类似的传统领带易产生勒伤和缠绊的危险。 A.6 视力、听力受限 带有风帽和某些种类头套的服装会影响到儿童视力或听力，增加儿童发生事故的可能性，特别是操场事故、交通事故。 A.7 窒息 童装引起的窒息事件较少，但风帽材料不透气可能导致窒息。三岁及三岁以下儿童带有风帽的睡衣也有可能导致窒息。 A.8 哽塞 学龄前儿童，特别是12个月以下的婴儿，在吮吸、吞咽蝴蝶结或缎带等部件时，易产生呕吐事故，造成吸入性呕吐或其他严重疾病。 A.9 绊倒和摔倒 大多数绊倒和摔倒是因为服装不合体.可能是服装选择不当或号型尺寸不正确。腰带或绳索太长、学步儿童只穿袜子或连脚式服装也会导致绊倒和摔倒。
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| GB/T 22704-2008, GB 22704-2008, GBT 22704-2008, GB/T22704-2008, GB/T 22704, GB/T22704, GB22704-2008, GB 22704, GB22704, GBT22704-2008, GBT 22704, GBT22704 |