Forword
This document is drafted in accordance with GB/T 1.1-2020 Guidelines for Standardization, Part 1: Structure and Drafting Rules of Standardization Documents.
This document is the first part of GB/T 18451 Wind Turbine Generator System. GB/T 18451 has issued the following parts:;
——GB/T 18451.1 Wind Turbine Generator Set Design Requirements;
——GB/T 18451.2 Power Characteristic Test of Wind Turbine Generator Set.
This document replaces GB/T 18451.1-2012K Wind Turbine Generator Set Design Requirements. Compared with GB/T 18451.1-2012, except for structural adjustment and editorial changes, the main technical changes are as follows:
——Some terms and definitions have been added (see 3.9, 3.29, 3.36, 3.39, 3.45, 3.49, 3.50, 3.52);
——Some terms and definitions have been deleted (see 3.27, 3.36 and 3.65 of the 2012 edition);
——The wind speed representation method of the wind turbine class definition has been changed Definition (see 6.2 in 2012);
——Added Vf. T, A+wind turbine generator class (see 6.2)
——It is added that the turbulent wind model should meet the requirements of Kaimal model (see 6.3.1);
——The calculation method of Weibull distribution of turbulence standard deviation is added (see 6.3.2.3);
——Changed the design load case (see 7.4 in the 2012 version) d
——The partial safety factor has been changed (see 7. C of 7.6, 2012 edition,
——The control system has been changed (see Chapter 8, Chapter already of 2012 edition);
——The main gearbox has been changed (see 9.4 of 2012 version);
——Changed the electrical system (see Chapter 10, Chapter 10 of 2012 edition)
——Changed the assessment of wind turbines under specific site conditions (see Chapter 11, Chapter 11 of the 2012 edition);
——Cold climate has been added (see Chapter 14).
This document is equivalent to IEC 61400-1:2019 Wind Turbine Generator Systems - Part 1: Design Requirements. The following minimum editorial changes have been made to this document:
——In order to coordinate with the existing standards, the name of the standard is changed to Wind Turbine Generator Design Requirements;
——Informative appendix NA "Chinese documents with consistent correspondence with IEC 60034 (all parts)" is added. This document is proposed by China Machinery Industry Federation.
This document is under the jurisdiction of the National Wind Power Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC 50).
The previous versions of this document and its substitutes are as follows:
——It was first published as GB 18451.1-2001 in 2001;
——It was revised for the first time in 2012, and this is the second revision.
Introduction
This document outlines the minimum design requirements for wind turbine generators, but is not a complete design specification or guidance manual.
After proper demonstration, if the requirements of a clause in this document will not endanger the safety of the wind turbine generator unit, the clause can be changed. However, this provision does not apply to the classification and related definitions of external conditions in Chapter 6. Compliance with the requirements of this document does not relieve any individual, organization or group of responsibility for complying with other applicable standards or regulations. This document does not specify the requirements for offshore wind turbine generators, especially the supporting structures. For offshore wind power facilities, refer to IEC 61400-3 series standards. GB/T 18451 establishes the minimum design requirements and structural design of wind turbine generator units, involving control and protection functions, internal electrical systems, mechanical systems and support structures, which are composed of design requirements and power characteristic tests.
——GB/T 18451.1 Wind Turbine Generator Set, Design Requirements. The purpose is to provide uniform design requirements to ensure wind power generation
The design of the unit is standardized to prevent damage to the wind turbine generator unit caused by various hazards.
——GB/T 18451.2 Wind Turbine Generator Set, Power Characteristic Test. The purpose is to define the power characteristic test of wind turbine
Requirements and methods to verify the generation performance of the wind turbine generator set designed in accordance with Part 1.
1 Scope
This document specifies the necessary design requirements to ensure the structural integrity of wind turbine generator units. Its purpose is to provide an appropriate degree of protection during the expected life of the wind turbine generator unit to prevent damage to the wind turbine generator unit caused by various hazards.
This document covers various subsystems of the wind turbine generator unit, such as control and protection functions, internal electrical systems, mechanical systems and support structures. This document is applicable to wind turbine generator units of all capacities. For small wind turbine generator units, refer to IEC 61,400-2. IEC 61400-3-1 imposes additional requirements on offshore wind turbine installations.
This document can be used together with IEC and ISO standards mentioned in Chapter 2.
2 Normative references
The contents in the following documents, through normative references, constitute indispensable provisions of this document. Where, for dated references, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; For undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) is applicable to this document.
ISO 76 Rolling bearings Static load ratings
Note: GB/T 4662-2012 Rated Static Load of Rolling Bearings (ISO76:2006,1DT)
ISO 281 Rolling bearings - Dynamic load ratings and rating life
Note: GB/T 6391-2010 Rated Dynamic Load and Rated Life of Rolling Bearings (ISO 281:2007, IDT)
ISO 2394
General principles on reliability for structures ISO 2533 Standard atmosphere
ISO 4354 Wind actions on structures
ISO 6336-2 Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears - Part 2: Calculation of surface durability (pitting)
Note: GB/T 3480.2-2021 Calculation of Load Carrying Capacity of Spur and Helical Gears - Part 2: Calculation of Tooth Surface Contact Strength (Pitting) (ISO 6336-2:2019, IDT)
ISO 6336-3:2006 Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears - Part 3; Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears - Part 3: Calculation of tooth bending strength
Note: GB/T 3480.3-2021 Calculation of Load Capacity of Spur and Helical Gears - Part 3: Calculation of Bending Strength of Gear Teeth (ISO 6336-3: 2019. IDT)
ISO 12494 Atmospheric icing on structures
ISO 13850 Safety of machinery - Emergency stop function - Principles for design
Note: GB/T16754-2021 Mechanical Safety Emergency Stop Function Design Principles (ISO 13850:2015, IDT)
ISO/TS 16281 Rolling bearings - Methods for calculating the modified reference rating life for universally loaded bearings
Note: GB/T 36517-2018 Rolling Bearings - Calculation Method of Reference Rated Life for Bearing Correction under General Load Conditions (ISO/TS 16281:2008IDT)
IEC 60034 (all parts) Rotating electrical machines
Note: For Chinese documents consistent with IEC 60034 (all parts), see Appendix NA. IEC 60038 Standard voltages
3 Terms and definitions
4 Symbols and Abbreviations
5 Basic requirements
6 External conditions
7 Structural Design
8 Control system
9 Mechanical system
10 Electrical system
11 Evaluation of wind turbine generator units under specific site conditions
12 Assembly, Installation and Hoisting
13 Commissioning, Operation and Maintenance
14 Cold climate
Appendix A (Normative) Design Parameters of External Conditions
Appendix B (Informative) Assessment of Design Load Conditions or Site Adaptability of Class S Wind Turbine
Appendix C (Informative) Turbulence Model
Appendix D (Informative) Seismic Load Assessment
Appendix E (informative) Wake and wind farm turbulence
Appendix F (Informative) Wind distribution prediction of wind turbine site based on measurement correlation prediction (MCP) method
Appendix G (informative) Statistical extrapolation of loads for ultimate strength analysis
Annex H (informative) Fatigue analysis based on Miner criterion and load extrapolation method
Appendix I (Informative) Simultaneous Load
Appendix J (Informative) Prediction of Extreme Wind Speed of Tropical Cyclones by Monte Carlo Simulation
Appendix K (informative) Calibration of safety factor of structural materials and auxiliary structural design for test
Appendix L (informative) Cold Climate; Impact and assessment of icing climate
Appendix M (Informative) Medium sized Wind Turbine Generator
Appendix N (informative) Chinese documents with consistent correspondence with IEC 60034 (all parts)
Bibliography
Forword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Symbols and Abbreviations
5 Basic requirements
6 External conditions
7 Structural Design
8 Control system
9 Mechanical system
10 Electrical system
11 Evaluation of wind turbine generator units under specific site conditions
12 Assembly, Installation and Hoisting
13 Commissioning, Operation and Maintenance
14 Cold climate
Appendix A (Normative) Design Parameters of External Conditions
Appendix B (Informative) Assessment of Design Load Conditions or Site Adaptability of Class S Wind Turbine
Appendix C (Informative) Turbulence Model
Appendix D (Informative) Seismic Load Assessment
Appendix E (informative) Wake and wind farm turbulence
Appendix F (Informative) Wind distribution prediction of wind turbine site based on measurement correlation prediction (MCP) method
Appendix G (informative) Statistical extrapolation of loads for ultimate strength analysis
Annex H (informative) Fatigue analysis based on Miner criterion and load extrapolation method
Appendix I (Informative) Simultaneous Load
Appendix J (Informative) Prediction of Extreme Wind Speed of Tropical Cyclones by Monte Carlo Simulation
Appendix K (informative) Calibration of safety factor of structural materials and auxiliary structural design for test
Appendix L (informative) Cold Climate; Impact and assessment of icing climate
Appendix M (Informative) Medium sized Wind Turbine Generator
Appendix N (informative) Chinese documents with consistent correspondence with IEC 60034 (all parts)
Bibliography
前言
本文件按照GB/T 1.1-2020《标准化工作导则﹑第1部分:标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规定起草。
本文件是GB/T 18451《风力发电机组》的第1部分。GB/T 18451已经发布了以下部分;
——GB/T 18451.1风力发电机组设计要求;
——GB/T 18451.2风力发电机组功率特性测试。
本文件代替GB/T 18451.1-2012K风力发电机组设计要求》,与GB/T 18451.1-2012相比,除结构调整和编辑性改动外,主要技术变化如下:
——增加了部分术语和定义(见3.9,3.29,3.36,3.39,3.45,3.49、3.50、3.52);
——删除了部分术语和定义(见2012年版的3.27,3.36,3.65);
——更改了风力发电机组等级定义的风速表示方法、I ..定义(见6.2,2012年版的6.2) ;
——增加了Vf.T 、A＋风力发电机组等级(见6.2）﹔
——增加了湍流风模型应满足Kaimal模型要求(见6.3.1);
——增加了湍流标准差的威布尔分布计算方式(见6.3.2.3);
——更改了设计载荷工况(见7.4,2012年版的7.4)d
——更改了分项安全系数(见7.6,2012年版的7.C，
——更改了控制系统(见第8章,2012年版的第已章);
——更改了主齿轮箱(见9.4,2012年版的9.4);
——更改了电气系统(见第10章,2012年版的第10章)﹔
——更改了特定场址条件下风力发电机组评估(见第11章,2012年版的第11章);
——增加了寒冷气候(见第14章)。
本文件等同采用IEC 61400-1:2019《风力发电机组第1部分:设计要求》。本文件做了下列最小限度的编辑性改动:
——为与现有标准协调,将标准名称改为《风力发电机组设计要求》;
——增加了资料性附录NA“与 IEC 60034(所有部分)有一致性对应关系的我国文件”。本文件由中国机械工业联合会提出。
本文件由全国风力发电标准化技术委员会(SAC/TC 50)归口。
本文件及其所代替文件的历次版本发布情况为:
——2001年首次发布为GB 18451.1—2001;
——2012年第一次修订,本次为第二次修订。
引言
本文件概述了风力发电机组的最低设计要求,但不是完整的设计规范或指导手册。
经过适当论证后,如果变更本文件某条款的要求不会危及风力发电机组安全,那么就可以变更此条款。但该规定不适用于第6章中外部条件的分类和相关定义。符合本文件的要求,并不能解除任何个人,组织或团体遵守其他适用标准或法规的责任。本文件没有给出海上风力发电机组的要求,特别是支撑结构。对于海上风电设施,可参考IEC 61400-3系列标准。GB/T 18451确立了风力发电机组的最低设计要求及结构设计,涉及控制和保护功能,内部电气系统,机械系统和支撑结构等,由设计要求和功率特性测试两个部分组成。
——GB/T 18451.1风力发电机组﹑设计要求。目的在于提供统一的设计要求,以保证风力发电
机组设计的规范性,防止各种危险对风力发电机组造成损坏。
——GB/T 18451.2风力发电机组﹑功率特性测试。目的在于明确风力发电机组功率特性测试
要求和方法,以验证按照第1部分进行设计的风力发电机组的发电性能。
1范围
本文件规定了确保风力发电机组结构完整性的必要设计要求。其目的是在风力发电机组的预期寿命期间,提供适当的防护等级,以防止各种危险对风力发电机组造成损坏。
本文件涉及风力发电机组的各子系统,如控制和保护功能,内部电气系统,机械系统和支撑结构。本文件适用于所有容量的风力发电机组。对于小型风力发电机组可参考IEC 61400-2。IEC 61400-3-1对海上风力发电机组的设施提出了额外的要求。
本文件可与第⒉章提到的IEC,ISO标准一起使用。
规范性引用文件
下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中,注日期的引用文件,仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件;不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。
ISO 76 滚动轴承﹑额定静载荷(Rolling bearings-Static load ratings)
注:GB/T 4662-2012滚动轴承额定静载荷(ISO76:2006,1DT)
ISO 281 滚动轴承额定动载荷和额定孝命(Rolling bearings - Dynamic load ratings and rating life)
注:GB/T 6391-2010滚动轴承 额定动哉荷和额定寿命(ISO 281:2007,IDT)
ISO 2394 结构可靠性的基本原则(General principles on reliability for structures)ISO 2533标准大气(Standard atmosphere)
ISO 4354 风对建筑物的作用( Wind actions on structures)
ISO 6336-2 直齿轮和斜齿轮承载能力计算 第2部分:齿面接触强度(点蚀)计算[Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears - Part 2:Calculation of surface durability (pitting)]
注:GB/T 3480.2—2021直齿轮和斜齿轮承载能力计算 第2部分:齿面接触强度(点蚀)计算(ISO 6336-2:2019,IDT)
ISO 6336-3:2006 直齿轮和斜齿轮承载能力计算第3部分;轮齿弯曲强度计算(Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears - Part 3: Calculation of tooth bending strength)
注:GB/T 3480.3-2021直齿轮和斜齿轮承载能力计算第3部分:轮齿弯曲强度计算(ISO 6336-3:2019.IDT)
ISO 12494 建筑物的大气结冰(Atmospheric icing on structures)
ISO 13850 机械安全 急停功能设计原则(Safety of machinery - Emergency stop function - Principles for design)
注:GB/T16754-2021机械安全急停功能设计原则(ISO 13850:2015,IDT)
ISO/TS 16281 滚动轴承 一般载荷条件下轴承修正参考额定寿命计算方法(Rolling bearings - Methods for calculating the modified reference rating life for universally loaded bearings)
注:GB/T 36517-2018 滚动轴承 一般载荷条件下轴承修正参考额定寿命计算方法(ISO/TS 16281:2008IDT)
IEC 60034(所有部分) 旋转电机(Rotating electrical machines)
注:与IEC 60034(所有部分)有一致性对应关系的我国文件见附录NA.IEC 60038标准电压(Standard voltages)
3术语和定义
4符号和缩略语
5基本要求
6外部条件
7结构设计
8控制系统
9机械系统
10电气系统
11特定场址条件下风力发电机组评估
12组装﹑安装和吊装
13调试,运行和维护
14寒冷气候
附录A(规范性)外部条件设计参数
附录B(资料性)S级风力发电机组的设计载荷工况或场地适应性评估
附录C(资料性)湍流模型
附录D(资料性)地震载荷评估
附录E(资料性)尾流及风电场湍流
附录F(资料性)基于测量-相关-预测(MCP)方法的风力发电机组场址风分布预测
附录G(资料性)用于极限强度分析的载荷统计外推法
附件H(资料性)基于Miner准则和载荷外推法的疲劳分析
附录Ⅰ(资料性）同期载荷
附录J(资料性)用蒙特卡洛仿真法预测热带气旋的极端风速
附录K(资料性)结构材料安全系数的校准及试验辅助结构设计
附录L(资料性)寒冷气候;结冰气候的影响与评估
附录M(资料性)中型风力发电机组
附录NA(资料性)与IEC 60034(所有部分)有一致性对应关系的我国文件
参考文献
