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Foreword GB/T 17680 consists of the following 12 parts under the general title Criteria for emergency planning and preparedness for nuclear power plants. ——Part 1: The dividing of emergency planning zone; ——Part 2: Off-site emergency functions and organization; ——Part 3: Functional and physical characteristics of off-site emergency facilities; ——Part 4: The off-site emergency planning and implementing procedures; ——Part 5: Maintenance of offsite emergency response capabilities; ——Part 6: On-site emergency response functions and organizations; ——Part 7: Function and physical characteristics for on-site emergency facilities; ——Part 8: On-site emergency planning and implementing procedures; ——Part 9: Maintenance of on-site emergency response capacity; ——Part 10: Criteria for emergency radiological field monitoring, sampling and analysis conducted by nuclear power plant operating organizations; ——Part 11: Criteria for the conduct of offsite radiological assessment for emergency response; ——Part 12: Planning, development, conduct and evaluation of nuclear emergency drills and exercises; This is Part 5 of GB/T 17680. This part is developed with reference to the relevant requirements of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) on emergency planning and preparedness for nuclear. This part replaces GB/T 17680.5-1999 Criteria for emergency planning and preparedness for nuclear power plants - Part 5: Maintenance of offsite emergency response capabilities, and the following main technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 17680.5-1999: ——Terms such as emergency plan, controller and evaluator are added (see Clause 2); ——Basic knowledge of nuclear energy and nuclear safety, basic knowledge of ionizing radiation hazards and radiation protection, basic concepts of nuclear emergency, public and media communication, and experience and lessons are added (see 3.5.1); ——The subclaluse 4.3.2.2 "Introduction before exercise" in the previous version of the standard is deleted. This part was proposed by China National Nuclear Corporation. This part is under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee on Nuclear Energy of Standardization Administration of China. Drafting organization of this part: Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University. Drafter of this part: Qu Jingyuan. The previous edition of this part is as follows: ——GB/T 17680.5-1999. Criteria for emergency planning and preparedness for nuclear power plants - Part 5: Maintenance of offsite emergency response capabilities 1 Scope This part of GB/T 17680 specifies the criteria for maintaining the emergency response capabilities of the province (autonomous region or municipality directly under the central government) where the nuclear power plant is located, mainly including the criteria for maintaining the emergency plan and implementing procedures, maintaining the emergency resources, personnel training, emergency exercise and other activities. This part is applicable to the activities of maintaining the emergency response capabilities of the province (autonomous region and municipality directly under the central government) where the nuclear power plant is located. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this part of GB/T 17680, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 emergency status in which certain immediate actions beyond normal working procedures are required to avoid nuclear accidents at nuclear power plants or to mitigate the possible consequences of accidents, sometimes referred to as emergency status. It also generally refers to taking actions beyond normal working procedures 2.2 emergency plan approved document that describes the emergency response functions, organizations, facilities and equipment of the preparation and implementation organizations, as well as their coordination and mutual support relationships with external emergency organizations. The emergency plan should be implemented through emergency implementing procedures 2.3 emergency response emergency action taken to control or mitigate the consequences of a nuclear accident or radiological emergency status 2.4 emergency exercise practical activity that simulates emergency response in order to test and improve the effectiveness of the emergency plan, the soundness of emergency preparedness, the adaptability of emergency response capabilities and the coordination of emergency personnel. According to the content and scope involved, it can be divided into drill, comprehensive exercise, and joint exercise 2.5 exercise scenario drill or exercise control document prepared based on actual possible events and/or accident scenarios to achieve the predetermined objectives of the exercise. It appropriately trims or compresses the events, event sequence, and timeline of the accident scenario, detailing the characteristics and course of the trimmed or compressed events and indicating the corresponding expected response actions 2.6 drill organized training in a specific operational skill or in the operation of an implementation procedure for an emergency response to maintain emergency response capabilities, commonly referred to as single exercise 2.7 comprehensive exercise emergency exercise conducted by all or part of the emergency response organizations to improve emergency response capabilities, to check emergency plans and procedures, and to enhance coordination and cooperation between emergency response organizations 2.8 joint exercise exercise conducted by the on-site and off-site emergency organizations jointly with all or part of their subordinate organizations according to the unified exercise scenario in order to improve the emergency response capability, especially the coordination capability 2.9 controller personnel who supervise and direct the conduct of exercise scenarios 2.10 evaluator personnel who evaluates the conduct of a drill or exercise 3 Training 3.1 Training program Departments and organizations to undertake emergency response tasks shall formulate training programs in accordance with the requirements of relevant regulations and the requirements of emergency plans. The training program shall clearly specify the training objects, training requirements, training plans, training contents, training methods, trainers, training frequency, training evaluation, training records, etc. 3.2 Training objects Corresponding training shall be provided for all personnel who may undertake tasks in emergency response service, including emergency commander, emergency coordinator, communication personnel, accident assessment personnel, radiation monitoring personnel, medical rescue personnel, and logistics support personnel, as well as liaison personnel with media system, firefighting personnel, and other off-site support personnel. 3.3 Training requirements All emergency response personnel shall be trained on relevant emergency laws and regulations, emergency plan and implementing procedures, and specific emergency tasks to be undertaken. These trainings shall be conducted in strict compliance with the requirements of the training program. Necessary tests should be conducted to check the effectiveness of the training through regular drills and exercises so that emergency response personnel can reach the qualified level through training. 3.4 Training plan The corresponding training plan shall be made. The training plan must set clear training objectives, training contents, instructional training materials, and inspection methods for training effects. 3.5 Training contents 3.5.1 The training contents include both common and professional contents. All participants in emergency training shall learn or understand the common training contents, mainly including: a) Basic knowledge of nuclear energy and nuclear safety; b) Basic knowledge of ionizing radiation hazards and radiation protection; c) Basic concepts of nuclear emergency; d) Nuclear emergency regulatory management system; e) Organizational system of nuclear emergency response; f) Technical support system of nuclear emergency response; g) General methods for accident consequence assessment; h) Emergency plan and preparedness; i) Communication with the public and media; j) Experience and lessons learned. 3.5.2 Professional training mainly involves the basic knowledge and skills required for various emergency professional organizations to complete specific tasks, emergency implementing procedures, responsibilities of relevant emergency response personnel and the use of relevant emergency equipment, etc., mainly including: a) Emergency plan and implementing procedures; b) Emergency organizations and responsibilities; c) Emergency classification; d) Basic characteristics of nuclear power plant accidents and radioactive releases; e) Accident analysis and consequence prediction and assessment technologies; f) Emergency countermeasures and protective measures; g) Performance, use and maintenance methods of emergency response facilities, equipment and radiation monitoring instruments; h) Emergency radiation monitoring; i) Radioactive decontamination; j) Medical treatment; k) International nuclear incident notification and support. 3.6 Training methods 3.6.1 Classroom teaching The emergency training contents delivered in the classroom includes common contents and some relevant professional contents. Necessary training aids, such as educational materials, reference material catalogues, demonstration equipment, and audio-visual materials related to emergency response tasks, shall be provided. 3.6.2 Internship Through internship, trainees shall master the skills and techniques related to the emergency facilities and equipment operation and the emergency procedures implementation. Qualified personnel shall be assigned to examine or assess the performance of the trainees. 3.7 Trainer Trainers shall be experts in the respective training content area or personnel with extensive practical experience. The qualifications of the trainer to be appointed shall be examined before the training. 3.8 Training frequency All off-site emergency response personnel shall receive an initial training appropriate to their emergency tasks and retrained regularly as required by the training program. 3.9 Training evaluation The training effect of trainees shall be evaluated in written form on the basis of examination, test and internship. The evaluation contents include the trainees' correct understanding of the training contents, the skills and techniques for implementing emergency instructions, and the results of classroom training and internship. 3.10 Training records Relevant records shall be made and kept for emergency trainees, including their name, title, employers and emergency post, training date, main contents of the training, evaluation results, and attendance records. These records shall be properly kept for easy reference during their duration of their employment or potential employment in nuclear emergency work. 3.11 Improvement of training program The training program shall be revised and improved as necessary at least every two years based on changes in emergency plans or regulations and relevant experience gained during training, drills and exercises. 3.12 Maintenance of emergency plan and implementing procedures The emergency plan and implementing procedures shall be reviewed every two years. The relevant parts of the emergency plan and implementing procedures are to be modified promptly in accordance with changes in the relevant national emergency management regulations, changes in the nuclear power plant and its surroundings, changes in the emergency organization, problems identified during emergency exercises, and developments in the relevant technologies. After the emergency plan and implementing procedures are modified, it shall be submitted for approval according to the original approval procedures, and the modified contents shall be notified to relevant parties in time. Foreword i 1 Scope 2 Terms and definitions 3 Training 4 Exercises and drills 5 Maintenance of emergency resources 6 Monitoring and inspection ICS 27.120.20 F 77 GB 中华人民共和国国家标准 GB/T 17680.5—2008 代替GB/T 17680.5—1999 核电厂应急计划与准备准则 第5部分:场外应急响应能力的保持 Criteria for emergency planning and preparedness for nuclear power plants— Part 5:Maintenance of offsite emergency response capabilities 2008-07-02发布 2009-04-01实施 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局 中国国家标准化管理委员会 发布 前言 GB/T 17680《核电厂应急计划与准备准则》分为12个部分: ——第1部分:应急计划区的划分; ——第2部分:场外应急响应职能与组织机构; ——第3部分:场外应急设施功能与特性; ——第4部分:场外应急计划与执行程序; ——第5部分:场外应急响应能力的保持; ——第6部分:场内应急响应职能与组织机构; ——第7部分:场内应急设施功能与特性; ——第8部分:场内应急计划与执行程序; ——第9部分:场内应急响应能力的保持; ——第10部分:核电厂应急野外辐射监测、取样与分析准则; ——第11部分:应急响应期间场外放射评价实施准则; ——第12部分:核应急练习与演习的计划、准备﹑实施与评估。 本部分为GB/T 17680的第5部分。本部分参考了国际原子能机构(IAEA)关于核应急计划与准备的相关要求。 本部分代替GB/T 17680.5—1999《核电厂应急计划与准备准则 场外应急响应能力的保持》。本部分与GB/T 17680.5—1999相比主要变化如下: ——增加了应急计划(预案)、监控员、评估员(见第2章); ——增加了核能与核安全基本知识、电离辐射危害与辐射防护基本知识、核应急基本概念、公众与媒体沟通﹑经验及教训(见3.5.1); ——删除了原标准4.3.2.2“演习前的情况介绍”。 ——本部分由中国核工业集团公司提出。 ——本部分由全国核能标准化技术委员会归口。 ——本部分所代替标准的历次版本发布情况为: ——GB/T 17680.5—1999。 核电厂应急计划与准备准则 第5部分:场外应急响应能力的保持 1 范围 GB/T 17680的本部分规定了核电厂所在省(自治区﹑直辖市)应急响应能力的保持准则,主要包括应急计划与执行程序的保持、应急资源的保持、人员培训和应急演习等活动应遵循的准则。 本部分适用于核电厂所在省(自治区、直辖市)应急响应能力的保持活动。 2 术语和定义 下列术语和定义适用于GB/T 17680的本部分。 2.1 应急 emergency 需要立即采取某些超出正常工作程序的行动以避免核电厂核事故的发生或缓解事故可能产生的后果的状态。有时也称为紧急状态。同时,也是泛指立即采取超出正常工作程序的行动。 2.2 应急计划(预案) emergency plan 经过审批的文件,它描述其编制和实施单位的应急职能﹑组织、设施和设备,以及和外部应急组织间的协调与相互支持关系。应急计划需通过应急执行程序来实施。 2.3 应急响应 emergency response 为控制或减轻核事故或辐射应急状态的后果而采取的紧急行动。 2.4 应急演习 emergency exercise 为检验和改进应急计划的有效性、应急准备的完善性、应急响应能力的适应性和应急人员的协同性所进行的一种模拟应急响应的实践活动。根据其涉及的内容和范围的不同,可以分为练习(单项演习)、综合演习和联合演习。 2.5 演习情景 exercise scenario 为实现演习的预定目标,以实际可能发生的事件和(或)事故情景为基础所编制的练习或演习控制文件,它对事故情景的事件、事件序列和时间进程进行适当剪裁或压缩,详细说明剪裁或压缩后事件的特征与进程,并标明相应的预期响应行动。 2.6 练习(单项演习) drill 为保持应急响应的能力,对某种具体操作技能或者对应急响应的某项实施程序的运作而进行的有组织的训练,通常也称作单项演习。 2.7 综合演习 comprehensive exercise 为提高应急响应能力、检查应急计划与程序,以及加强各应急组织的协调配合,全部或部分应急响应组织所进行的应急演习。 2.8 联合演习 joint exercise 场内以及场外应急组织,为提高应急响应能力,特别是协调配合能力,按统一的演习情景,联合组织所属应急组织的全部或部分单位进行的演习。 2.9 监控员 controller 监督和引导实施演习情景的人员。 2.10 评估员 evaluater 评估练习或演习实施情况的人员。 3 培训 3.1 培训大纲 担负应急响应任务的部门和单位应按有关条例的规定和应急计划的要求制定培训大纲。培训大纲要明确规定培训对象、培训要求、培训计划、培训内容、培训方式、培训教员、培训频度、培训考评以及培训记录等项目。 3.2 培训对象 应对在应急响应工作中可能承担任务的所有人员进行相应的培训,其中主要包括应急指挥人员、应急协调人员、通信人员、事故评价人员、辐射监测人员、医学救护人员、后勤保障人员、与传媒系统的联络人员﹑消防人员以及其他场外支持人员等。 3.3 培训要求 应对所有应急响应人员进行有关应急法规、应急计划及其执行程序和承担的具体应急任务相适应的培训。这些培训应严格遵循培训大纲的要求进行。要进行必要的考核,通过定期的练习和演习来检查培训的效果,使应急响应人员通过培训达到合格的水平。 3.4 培训计划 应制定好相应的培训计划。在培训计划中必须提出明确的培训目的、培训的内容、指导性的培训材料、以及培训效果的检查方法。 3.5 培训内容 3.5.1 培训内容包括共同性内容和专业性内容。所有参加应急培训的人员都应学习或了解共同性的培训内容。共同性内容主要包括: a) 核能与核安全基本知识; b 电离辐射危害与辐射防护基本知识; c) 核应急基本概念; d) 核应急法规管理体系; e) 核应急响应组织体系; f) 核应急响应技术支持体系; g) 事故后果评价的一般方法; h) 应急计划与应急准备; i) 公众与媒体沟通; j) 经验及教训。 3.5.2 专业性培训主要涉及各应急专业组织完成特定的任务所需要的基本知识和技能、应急执行程序、有关应急响应人员的职责以及有关应急设备器材的使用等,主要包括: a) 应急计划与实施程序; b) 应急组织与职责; c) 应急状态分级; d) 核电厂事故与放射性释放的基本特征; e) 事故分析与后果预测评价技术; f) 应急对策与防护措施; g) 应急设施、设备与辐射监测仪表的性能、使用与维护方法; h) 应急辐射监测; i) 放射性去污; j) 医学救治; k) 国际核事件通报与支援。 3.6 培训方式 3.6.1 课堂讲授 课堂讲授的应急培训内容包括共同性内容和部分有关专业性内容。 应当配备必要的培训教具,例如各种宣教资料、参考材料目录、演示设备,以及有关应急响应任务的视听材料等。 3.6.2 实习 通过实习,熟练掌握有关应急设施设备操作和应急程序执行的技能和技巧。应派合格人员对实习人员的表现进行考查或评价。 3.7 培训教员 培训教员应是相应培训内容领域内的专家或具有丰富实践经验的人员。培训前要对拟聘任的教员进行资格审查。 3.8 培训频度 应对场外所有应急响应人员进行与其所承担的应急任务相适宜的首次培训,并根据培训大纲的要求定期进行再培训。 3.9 培训考评 应在考核、测验和实习等方式的基础上,以书面形式对受训人员的培训效果进行考评。考评的内容包括受训人员在培训过程中,对培训内容的正确理解程度、执行应急指令的技能和技巧以及课堂培训和实习的结果等。 3.10 培训记录 应对应急受训人员作好有关的记录,其中包括学员姓名、职务、所在单位及应急岗位、培训日期、培训的主要内容、考评成绩以及考勤记录等。这些记录应在其从业年限或可能从事核应急工作年限内妥善保存,以便随时查阅。 3.11 培训大纲的完善 应根据应急计划或法规的变化情况以及在培训、练习和演习过程中获得的有关经验,至少每两年对培训大纲进行一次必要的修改和完善。 3.12 应急计划和执行程序的保持 应每两年对应急计划和执行程序进行一次评审。要根据国家有关应急管理规定的变化、核电厂及核电厂周围环境的变化、应急组织的变化、在应急演习中所发现的问题以及有关技术的发展等,对应急计划和执行程序的相关部分进行及时的修改。 应急计划和执行程序修改后需按原审批程序报批,并及时将修改内容通知到有关各方。4 演习和练习 4.1 演习 4.1.1 演习计划 应制定3~5年的总体演习规划,并在此基础上结合以往的演习和应急经验等制定各年度的演习计划。 所制定的总体演习规划和年度演习计划应保证在3~5年内对有关应急组织机构的主要组成部分和应急计划中的基本功能,都能进行必要的检查。各次演习要安排在不同的时间(如夜间、节假日)和不同的天气条件下进行。 4.1.1.1 总体演习规划 总体演习规划应明确阶段性的或各年度的演习目标。在演习规划制定中,既要考虑核电厂由于电厂自身技术原因和自然事件可能导致的事故,也要适当考虑其他突发事件可能导致的应急状态。 总体演习规划应适时更新。 4.1.1.2 年度演习计划 应对每个年度的演习活动制定年度演习计划。 在制定年度演习计划时,要及时吸收以往核应急和应急演习的经验,包括国际上的有关经验和成功实践等。 4.1.2 演习方式 演习一般在不惊动公众的情况下进行。条件成熟时,可动员组织少量公众参加演习。必要时,可把演习计划的有关事项事先通知给当地的新闻媒介,视情况还可邀请当地新闻媒介观察或参加演习。 演习的方式应有利于提高核应急的实战能力。例如,进行不预先通知,不事先拟制演习脚本的应急演习。 4.1.3 演习频度 4.1.3.1 综合演习 应2~4年进行一次综合演习。 4.1.3.2 联合演习 应3~5年进行一次联合演习。 4.1.4 演习情景设计 在演习情景的设计中,应对演习的目标、事件序列以及对事件序列中假想事件的预期响应作出详细的描述。 演习情景的事件序列应能适当反映为达到演习目标而设计的有关事件的性质及其发生的时间顺序和预计的后果。所包括的事件应有足够的广度,使计划参加演习的各个应急组织能按照演习目标的要求,演练其完成相应的应急任务的能力。 应根据演习目标和事件序列,对事件序列中假想事件的预期响应,例如事件的模拟﹑应急决策、响应行动、公众信息的发布等,作出适当的描述。 4.1.5 演习的实施 4.1.5.1 概述 应指派必要数量的监控员和评估员。演习情景的设计人员不应作为参演人员参与演习,但可作为演习监控或评估人员。 4.1.5.2 演习的监控 4.1.5.2.1 监控员基本任务 应指派必要数量的监控员,对演习的进行过程和效果进行监控。必要时,应提供有关的信息和数据等。应在演习计划中对监控员的工作位置和任务作出明确的规定。 监控员的基本任务是负责引导演习的进行,保证演习按照预定的计划和演习情景进行,并且参加演习的评估工作。 4.1.5.2.2 错误的纠正 在演习过程中,如果监控员发现参加演习的人员在演习中出现偏离演习情景并可能影响演习重要目标的严重错误,应及时纠正这种错误,以保证达到预期的演习目标。 4.1.6 演习的评估 4.1.6.1 评估员职责 应指派必要数量的评估员,对演习的进行过程和效果进行评估,包括情景设计与准备、参演人员对情景事件响应的适宜程度﹑应急计划与程序的执行及其有效性和适用性,以及应急响应设施的利用及其适用性等。 应在演习计划中对评估员的工作位置和任务作出明确的规定。 评估员可由相应领域内的专家、上级主管部门人员担任。 4.1.6.2 演习评估表 应事先制定演习评估表,明确规定详细的评估项目。 评估员应在演习的过程中,按照演习评估表中的评估项目逐项进行考察和记录,并在演习后认真填写演习评估表。 4.1.6.3 评估内容与等级 4.1.6.3.1 评估内容 应对参加演习的主要应急岗位和人员的应急响应能力进行评估,包括应急指挥和应急响应行动是否恰当等。另外,还要对演习情景设计的合理性和演习是否达到预期目标等作出评估。 4.1.6.3.2 评估等级 对演习的总体表现按下述等级作出评价: 优——无差错地完成了所承担的所有应急任务; 良——达到了预期的演习目标,差错少; 中——存在明显的缺陷,但没有影响实现预期的演习目标; 差——出现了重大的错误,演习的重要目标受到严重的影响,使监控员被迫对所发射的错误进行纠正,造成应急行动的延误和资源的浪费。 4.1.6.4 演习讲评 演习的讲评工作必须在演习结束之后即进行。演习组织者、监控员和评估员以及主要演习人员应一起参加演习的讲评。 4.1.6.5 演习评估报告 监控员和评估员应在演习讲评后3天之内,向演习评估的负责人提交一份对演习的书面评价总结。每个参与演习的应急组织应在演习讲评后一个星期的时间内完成自我评估工作,向演习评估的负责人提交一份全面的演习总结报告。演习评估的负责人应在演习讲评后两个星期的时间内,完成最终的演习评估报告。 4.1.6.6 经验反馈 应在组织上和技术上采取有效的措施,保证在演习中获得的经验能够反馈到应急计划和执行程序以及以后的应急准备中,有利于应急响应能力的持续提高,包括吸收国际上和国内有关应急演习的经验和成功实践。 4.2 练习(单项演习) 应定期进行相应的练习。练习可单独进行,也可以与综合或联合演习结合起来进行。 4.2.1 练习内容和频度 4.2.1.1 通信 核电厂所在省(自治区、直辖市)应急响应组织与核电厂之间的通讯程序,应至少每三个月进行一次练习;核电厂所在省(自治区﹑直辖市)应急响应组织与国家核事故应急主管部门之间的通讯程序,应至少每六个月进行一次练习;核电厂所在省(自治区,直辖市)的各场外应急响应组织相互之间的通讯程序,应至少每六个月进行一次练习。 4.2.1.2 辐射监测 承担辐射监测任务的场外有关单位应按照辐射监测执行程序的要求,应至少每年进行一次辐射监测练习。辐射监测练习要包括:环境外照射水平巡测;对所有有关环境介质样品(如水、农作物、土壤和空气)的收集、分析和记录(可结合常规监测进行);对模拟较高放射性浓度的气载物和液体样品的评价和分析;以及监测结果的传递报告。 4.2.1.3 应急响应人员的辐射防护 承担有关应急响应任务的场外有关单位应按照相应执行程序的要求,应至少每年进行一次应急响应人员的辐射防护练习,或作为其他练习或演习的一部分进行。辐射防护练习生要包括有关防护器具的使用和防护措施的实施等。 4.2.1.4 辐射剂量估算 应按照有关辐射剂量估算执行程序的要求,至少每年进行一次剂量估算练习,练习的主要内容包括通信联络、有关环境数据的获取和处理以及剂量的估算。 4.2.1.5 公众防护措施建议 应至少每年进行一次提出公众应急防护措施建议的练习。练习的主要内容包括根据有关辐射监测数据和剂量估算的结果,向有关应急决策部门就公众所应采取的应急防护措施及其实施时间和范围提出建议。 4.2.1.6 医学救护 应按照医学救护执行程序的要求,对受过量照射人员、受污染人员和受到一般性伤害的人员的处理和救护进行模拟训练,包括“自救互救”能力的训练。医学救护练习可以作为演习的一部分来进行。 医学救护练习一般包括以下的内容: a) 受照人员的初步分类; b) 受污染人员的洗消; c) 一般性伤害(例如烧伤等非放射性损伤)的救护; d) 严重受伤人员向有关医院的输送。 医学救护练习可每一至两年进行一次。 4.2.1.7 治安保卫与交通管制 应按照治安保卫与交通管制执行程序的要求,定期进行治安保卫与交通管制练习。练习的主要内容包括有关区域社会秩序的维护以及进出有关区域的通道的控制等。 4.2.1.8 公众防护措施的实施 应按照公众防护措施的执行程序的要求,定期进行公众防护措施实施的练习。练习的主要内容包括有关公众防护措施(服用稳定碘片、隐蔽和撤离等)的实施程序,例如稳定碘片的分发和服用、人员的集合和交通运输以及人员在临时安置地的安置等。
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