标准编号:	GB/T 17454.2-2017
中文名称:	机械安全 压敏保护装置 第2部分：压敏边和压敏棒的设计和试验通则
英文名称:	Safety of machinery―Pressure-sensitive protective devices―Part 2:General principles for design and testing of pressure-sensitive edges and pressure-sensitive bars
中标分类:	J09    卫生、安全、劳动保护
行业分类:	GB    国家标准
ICS分类:	13.110 13.110    机械安全 13.110
发布机构:	中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局 中国国家标准化管理委员会
发布日期:	2017-05-12
实施日期:	2017-12-1
标准状态:	现行
替代旧标准:	GB/T 17454.2-2008 机械安全 压敏保护装置 第2部分∶ 压敏边和压敏棒的设计和试验通则
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	50000 字
翻译价格(元):	3000.00 元
交付时间:	付款后 1 个工作日

GB/T 17454 consists of the following three parts, under the general title Safety of machinery — Pressure-sensitive protective devices:



——Part 1: General principles for design and testing of pressure-sensitive mats and pressure sensitive floors;



——Part 2: General principles for design and testing of pressure-sensitive edges and pressure-sensitive bars;



——Part 3: General principles for design and testing of pressure-sensitive bumpers, plates, wires and similar devices.



This part is Part 2 of GB/T 17454.



This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.



This part replaces GB/T 17454.2-2008 Safety of machinery — Pressure-sensitive protective devices — Part 2: General principles for design and testing of pressure-sensitive edges and pressure-sensitive bars. In addition to editorial changes, the following main technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 17454.2-2008:



——The requirements for performance level (PL) have been added to the control system (see 4.20 herein; 4.20 of 2008 Edition);



——The test of performance level (PL) have been added to the control system (see 7.17 herein; 7.17 of 2008 Edition).



This part, by means of translation, is identical to ISO 13856-2:2013 Safety of machinery — Pressure-sensitive protective devices — Part 2: General principles for design and testing of pressure-sensitive edges and pressure-sensitive bars.



The Chinese documents consistent and corresponding with the normative international documents in this part are as follows:



——GB/T 2423.3-2006 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products — Part 2: Testing method — Test Cab: Damp heat, steady state (IEC 60068-2-78:2001, IDT);



——GB/T 2423.5-1995 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products — Part 2: Test methods — Test Ea and guidance: Shock (IEC 60068-2-27:1987, IDT);



——GB/T 2423.10-2008 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products — Part 2: Tests methods — Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal) (IEC 60068-2-6:1995, IDT);



——GB/T 2423.22-2002 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products — Part 2: Test methods — Test N: Change of temperature (IEC 60068-2-14:2009, IDT);



——GB/T 3766-2015 Hydraulic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for systems and their components (ISO 4413:2010, MOD);



——GB/T 4208-2008 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code) (IEC 60529:2001, IDT);



——GB/T 7932-2003 Pneumatic fluid power — General rules relating to systems (ISO 4414:1998, IDT);



——GB/T 14048.5-2008 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear — Part 5-1: Control circuit devices and switching elements — Electromechanical control circuit devices (IEC 60947-5-1:2003, MOD);



——GB/T 16855.2-2015 Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 2: Validation (ISO 13849-2:2012, IDT);



——GB/T 17626.2-2006 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Testing and measurement techniques — Electrostatic discharge immunity test (IEC 61000-4-2:2001, IDT);



——GB/T 17626.3-2006 Electromagnetic compatibility — Testing and measurement techniques — Radiated radio-frequency electromagnetic field immunity test (IEC 61000-4-3:2002, IDT);



——GB/T 17626.4-2008 Electromagnetic compatibility — Testing and measurement techniques: Electric fast transient/burst immunity test (IEC 61000-4-4:2004, IDT);



——GB/T 17626.5-2008 Electromagnetic compatibility — Testing and measurement techniques: Surge immunity test (IEC 61000-4-5:2005, IDT);



——GB/T 17626.6-2008 Electromagnetic compatibility — Testing and measurement techniques — Immunity to conducted disturbances induced by radio-frequency fields (IEC 61000-4-6:2006, IDT);



——GB/T 17799.2-2003 Electromagnetic Compatibility — Generic Standard — Immunity for industrial environment (IEC 61000-6-2:1999, IDT).



This part was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Machinery Safety of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 208).



The previous edition of this part is as follows:



——GB/T 17454.2-2008. 

Introduction



The structure of safety standards in the field of machinery is as follows:



——Type-A standards (basic safety standards) giving basic concepts, principles for design, and general aspects that can be applied to all machinery;



——Type-B standards (generic safety standards) dealing with one safety aspect or one type of safeguard that can be used across a wide range of machinery:



 Type-B1 standards on particular safety aspects (e.g. safety distances, surface temperature, noise);



 Type-B2 standards on safeguards (e.g. two-hand controls, interlocking devices, pressure-sensitive devices, guards).



——Type-C standards (machine safety standards) dealing with detailed safety requirements for a particular machine or group of machines.



This document is a type-B2 standard as stated in GB/T 15706.



This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the market players with regard to machinery safety:



——machine manufacturers;



——health and safety bodies.



Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the above-mentioned stakeholder groups:



——machine user;



——machine owner;



——service providers;



——consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).



The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting process of this document.



In addition, this document is intended for standardization bodies elaborating type-C standards.



The requirements of this document can be supplemented or modified by a type-C standard.



For machines which are covered by the scope of a type-C standard and which have been designed and built according to the requirements of that standard, the requirements of that type-C standard take precedence.



The safeguarding of machinery (see GB/T 15076-2012, 3.21) can be achieved by many different means. These means include guards which prevent access to the hazard zone by means of a physical barrier (for example, interlocking guards according to GB/T 18831 or fixed guards according to GB/T 8196) and protective devices (for example, electro-sensitive protective equipment according to GB/T 19436.1 or pressure-sensitive protective devices according to this part).



Type-C standards makers and designers of machinery/installations should consider the best way to achieve the required level of safety taking into account the intended application and the results of the risk assessment (see GB/T 15076).



The required solution can also be to combine several of these different means. The machinery/installation supplier and the user examine together carefully the existing hazards and constraints before making their decision on the choice of safeguarding.



Pressure-sensitive edges and pressure-sensitive bars are safeguards of the mechanically-actuated trip device type. General requirements for these safeguards (as well as others) are given in GB/T 15706-2012, 6.3.1 and 6.3.2.



Pressure-sensitive edges and pressure-sensitive bars are used in a wide range of applications with different conditions of use relating, for example, to extremes of loading or electrical, physical and chemical environments. They are interfaced with machine controls to ensure that the machine reverts to a safe condition if the sensitive protective equipment is actuated.



This part is restricted to the design of pressure-sensitive edges and pressure-sensitive bars so that they can be used when the risk assessment carried out by the machine manufacturer and/or relevant type-C standard, when available, shows this to be appropriate.



Pressure-sensitive edges and pressure-sensitive bars can be fitted to a fixed or moving part of a machine or an obstacle to prevent trapping or crushing hazards from another part of a machine. Pressure-sensitive edges and pressure-sensitive bars are designed, selected, installed and/or interfaced with the control system of the machine so that the force/pressure applied to a person or parts of the body do not exceed certain limits.



Pressure-sensitive edges, pressure-sensitive bars, pressure-sensitive bumpers and similar devices have many similarities. Table 1 summarizes the differences which generally apply between the two types of pressure-sensitive protective devices covered by this part and pressure-sensitive bumpers (covered by GB/T 17454.3 and gives guidance for their application).



Table 1 Characteristic features of pressure-sensitive edges, pressure-sensitive bars and pressure-sensitive bumpers

Cross-section Pressure-sensitive edge Pressure-sensitive bar Pressure-sensitive bumper

Regular Regular Regular/irregular

Length/width ratio >1 Any ratio Any ratio

Effective sensitive surface Deforms locally Moves as a whole Deforms locally and/or moves as a whole

Body part(s) intended to be detected Finger Finger —

Hand Hand Hand

Arm Arm Arm

Leg Leg Leg

Head Head Head

Torso Torso Torso



Safety of machinery — Pressure-sensitive protective devices — Part 2: General principles for design and testing of pressure-sensitive edges and pressure-sensitive bars



1 Scope



This part of GB/T 17454 establishes general principles and specifies requirements for the design and testing of pressure-sensitive edges and pressure-sensitive bars used as safeguards and not as actuating devices for normal operation.



This part of GB/T 17454 is applicable to pressure-sensitive edges and pressure-sensitive bars, with or without an external reset facility, used to detect persons or body parts that can be exposed to hazards such as those caused by the moving parts of machines.



It is not applicable to



——determining the suitability of a pressure-sensitive edge or pressure-sensitive bar for a particular safeguarding application;



——selection of an appropriate performance level (PL) for safety-related parts of control systems (SRP/CSs) other than to give minimum values;



——dimensioning or configuring of the effective sensing area of pressure-sensitive edges or pressure-sensitive bars in relation to any particular application;



——stopping devices according to GB 5226.1 used only for normal operation, including emergency stopping of machinery.



Requirements for the information to be provided by the manufacturer are given to assist in the selection of a suitable pressure-sensitive edge or pressure-sensitive bar and its application.



Additional requirements can be necessary where pressure-sensitive edges or pressure-sensitive bars are used in locations accessible to elderly or disabled people or children.



2 Normative references



The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced documents (including any amendments) applies.



GB 5226.1-2008 Electrical safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General requirements (IEC 602041-1:2005, IDT)

GB/T 7251.1-2013 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies — Part 1: General rules (IEC 61439-1:2011, IDT)

GB/T 15706-2012 Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction (ISO 12100:2010, IDT)

GB/T 16855.1-2008 Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2006, IDT)

GB/T 16935.1-2008 Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems — Part 1: Principles requirements and tests (IEC 60664-1:2007, IDT)

ISO 4413 Hydraulic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for systems and their components

ISO 4414 Pneumatic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for systems and their components

ISO 13849-2 Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 2: Validation

IEC 60068-2-6 Environmental testing — Part 2-6: Tests — Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal)

IEC 60068-2-14 Environmental testing — Part 2-14: Tests — Test N: Change of temperature

IEC 60068-2-27 Environmental testing — Part 2-27: Tests — Test Ea and guidance: Shock

IEC 60068-2-78 Environmental testing — Part 2-78: Tests — Test Cab: Damp heat, steady state

IEC 60529 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP code)

IEC 60947-5-1:2003 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear — Part 5-1: Control circuit devices and switching elements — Electromechanical control circuit devices

IEC 61000-4-2 Electro-magnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 4-2: Testing and measuring techniques — Electrostatic discharge immunity test

IEC 61000-4-3 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 4-3: Testing and measurement techniques — Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test

IEC 61000-4-4 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 4-4: Testing and measurement techniques — Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test

IEC 61000-4-5 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 4-5: Testing and measurement techniques — Surge immunity test

IEC 61000-4-6 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 4-6: Testing and measurement techniques — Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio-frequency fields

IEC 61000-6-2 Electro-magnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 6-2: Generic standards — Immunity forindustrial environments



3 Terms and definitions



For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 15706 and GB/T 16855.1 and the following apply.



3.1

pressure-sensitive edge

sensitive protective equipment of the “mechanically activated trip” type comprising a sensor (3.3) or sensors and a control unit and one or more output signal switching devices (3.5) intended to detect contact with a person or body part of a person and where the effective sensing surface (3.9) is deformed locally to actuate the sensor(s)

Note 1: The sensor or sensors generate(s) a signal when pressure is applied to part of its surface. The control unit responds to the signal from the sensor and generates an output signal(s) to the control system of a machine.

Note 2: The length of the sensor(s) is greater than the width. The cross-section throughout the pressure-sensitive area is constant and its width is usually within the range from 8 mm to 80 mm.

Note 3: For the definition of sensitive protective equipment see GB/T 15706-2012, 3.28.5.



3.2

pressure-sensitive bar

sensitive protective equipment of the “mechanically activated trip” type comprising a sensor (3.3) or sensors and a control unit and one or more output signal switching devices (3.5) intended to detect contact with a person or body part of a person and where the effective sensing surface (3.9) moves as a whole to actuate the sensor(s)

Note 1: The sensor or sensors generate(s) a signal when pressure is applied to part of its surface. The control unit responds to the signal from the sensor and generates an output signal(s) to the control system of a machine.

Note 2: The length of the sensor(s) is greater than the width. The cross-section throughout the pressure-sensitive area is constant and its width is usually within the range from 8 mm to 80 mm.

Note 3: For the definition of sensitive protective equipment see GB/T 15706-2012, 3.28.5.



3.3

sensor

part of the pressure-sensitive edge (3.1) or pressure-sensitive bar (3.2) which generates a signal in response to sufficient pressure applied to part of its surface

Note: 3.3 to 3.5 define the functional components of a pressure-sensitive edge or pressure-sensitive bar. These functions can be integrated into a single assembly or can be contained in any number of separate assemblies (see Figure 1). For example, a simple pressure-sensitive edge or pressure-sensitive bar actuating a position switch can be considered to be the sensor, the control unit, and the output signal switching device.



3.4

control unit

part of the pressure-sensitive edge (3.1) or pressure-sensitive bar (3.2) which responds to the condition of the sensor (3.3) and generates output signals to the machine control system

Note: 3.3 to 3.5 define the functional components of a pressure-sensitive edge or pressure-sensitive bar. These functions can be integrated into a single assembly or can be contained in any number of separate assemblies (see Figure 1). For example, a simple pressure-sensitive edge or pressure-sensitive bar actuating a position switch can be considered to be the sensor, the control unit, and the output signal switching device.



3.5

output signal switching device

part of the control unit of a pressure-sensitive edge (3.1) or pressure-sensitive bar (3.2) which is connected to the machine control system and transmits output signals

Note: 3.3 to 3.5 define the functional components of a pressure-sensitive edge or pressure-sensitive bar. These functions can be integrated into a single assembly or can be contained in any number of separate assemblies (see Figure 1). For example, a simple pressure-sensitive edge or pressure-sensitive bar actuating a position switch can be considered to be the sensor, the control unit, and the output signal switching device.





Key:

1——pressure-sensitive edge or pressure-sensitive bar;

2——sensor(s);

3——control unit*;

4——output signal switching device(s)*;

5——part of the machine control system for pressure-sensitive edge or pressure-sensitive bar output signal processing;

a——actuating force;

b——sensor output signal;

c——ON state/OFF state signal;

d——manual reset signal**;

e——reset signal from machine control system (where appropriate);

f——monitoring signals (optional);

g——manual reset signal to machine control system***;

h——machine control system(s);

* Can be located within the machine control system or as part of the machine control system.

** Where appropriate, this may be used as an alternative to g.

*** Where appropriate, this may be used as an alternative to d.

Figure 1 Systematic sketch of pressure-sensitive edge or

pressure-sensitive bar as applied to machine



3.6

ON state

state in which the output circuit(s) of an output signal switching device (3.5) is complete and permits the flow of current or fluid



3.7

OFF state

state in which the output circuit(s) of an output signal switching device (3.5) is broken and interrupts the flow of current or fluid



3.8

actuating force

any force applied to the sensor (3.3) which causes an output signal switching device (3.5) to go to the OFF state (3.7)



3.9

effective sensing surface

part of the surface of the sensor (3.3) or a combination of sensors within the effective sensing angle (3.12) and the effective sensing length (3.10) where the application of an actuating force (3.8) creates an OFF state (3.7) in the output signal switching device (3.5)

Note: See, for example, Figures 2 and 3.



3.10

effective sensing length

length of the effective sensing surface (3.9)



3.11

reference axis

line in the direction of the length of the sensor (3.3), whose position in the cross-sectional view of the sensor is used to define the effective sensing surface (3.9)

Note: See Figures 2 and 3.



3.12

effective sensing angle

angle around the reference axis (3.11) which limits the effective sensing surface (3.9) along the effective sensing length (3.10)

Note: See Figures 2 and 3.



3.13

reference direction

direction of actuation, from a point on the effective sensing surface (3.9) towards the reference axis (3.11), which bisects the effective sensing angle (3.12) and is perpendicular to the reference axis

Note: See Figures 2 and 3.



3.14

dead surface

part of the surface area of the sensor (3.3) outside the effective sensing surface (3.9)

Note: See Figures 2 and 3.



3.15

pre-travel

distance travelled by an object moving in a direction perpendicular to the reference axis (3.11) and in the axis of the applied actuating force (3.8), measured from where this object touches the effective sensing surface (3.9) to where the output signal switching device(s) (3.5) changes to an OFF state (3.7) under specified conditions

Note: See Figure 4.



3.16

working travel

distance travelled by an object, moving in a direction perpendicular to the reference axis (3.11), from where this object touches the effective sensing surface (3.9), under specified conditions, to where a stated limit force is exerted on the object

Note: See Figure 4.



3.17

overtravel

difference between the working travel (3.16) and the pre-travel (3.15) when both are measured with the same object applied under the same conditions

Note: See Figure 4.



3.18

force-travel relationship

relationship between force applied perpendicular to the reference axis (3.11) and the distance travelled by a specified object perpendicular to the reference axis under specified conditions

Note: See Figure 4.



 

3.19

reset

function which permits an ON state (3.6) in an output signal switching device (3.5) provided that certain conditions are met



3.20

total travel

movement or deformation of the effective sensing surface (3.9) of a pressure-sensitive edge (3.1) or pressure-sensitive bar (3.2) which is measured in the direction of the actuating force (3.8) from the point of contact to the point at which no further significant deformation of the effective sensing surface occurs (e.g. at a force of 600 N)



3.21

start interlock

means which prevents the start of an automatic machine when power (e.g. the electrical supply) is switched on to the pressure-sensitive edge (3.1) or pressure-sensitive bar (3.2), or is interrupted and restored



3.22

operating speed

any speed at which an object is pressed against the sensor (3.3) and which causes the output signal switching device (3.5) to go to the OFF state (3.7)



4 Requirements for design and testing



4.1 Effective sensing surface



Note: For the purposes of this part, “normal operation” means compliance with the requirements of Clause 4, verified according to Clause 7.



The manufacturer of the pressure-sensitive protective device shall state the effective sensing surface by giving the dimensions X, Y, Z, the angles α and β and the effective sensing length L in accordance with Figures 2 and 3.



The effective sensing angle of pressure-sensitive protective devices with heights (see Figure 2) X + Z ≥ 40 mm shall be ≥ 90°.



The effective sensing angle of pressure-sensitive protective devices with heights X + Z < 40 mm shall be at least 40°.



If the effective sensing angle is less than 90°, a clear warning shall be given in the information for use (see Clause 6).

Foreword i
Introduction iv
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Requirements for design and testing
4.1 Effective sensing surface
4.2 Actuating force for testing
4.3 Pre-travel
4.4 Working travel
4.5 Overtravel
4.6 Force–travel relationships
4.7 Minimum operating speed
4.8 Number of operations
4.9 Sensor output
4.10 Response of output signal switching device to actuating force
4.11 Reset function
4.12 Environmental conditions
4.13 Power supply variations
4.14 Electrical equipment
4.15 Hydraulic equipment
4.16 Pneumatic equipment
4.17 Enclosure
4.18 Additional coverings for sensors
4.19 Access
4.20 Performance levels and categories for SRP/CS in accordance with GB/T 168
4.21 Adjustments
4.22 Sensor fixing and mechanical strength
4.23 Recovery after deformation
4.24 Connections
4.25 Sharp corners, sharp edges and rough surfaces
4.26 Mechanical features
4.27 Inhibition and blocking
5 Marking
6 Information for selection and use
6.1 General
6.2 Essential data for the selection of suitable pressure-sensitive edge or pressure-sensitive bar
6.3 Information for use
7 Verification of requirements
7.1 General
7.2 Test samples
7.3 Test pieces
7.4 Test No. 1 — Safety-related data for selection, installation, commissioning, operation and maintenance of suitable pressure-sensitive edges or pressure-sensitive bars
7.5 Test No. 2 — Mounting orientations of sensors
7.6 Test No. 3 — Actuating force
7.7 Test No. 4 — Force–travel relationship(s)
7.8 Test No. 5 — Number of operations
7.9 Test No. 6 — Output state of sensor and output signal switching device
7.10 Test No. 7 — Response of output signal switching device to actuating force, reset and state of power supply
7.11 Test No. 8 — Environmental conditions
7.12 Test No. 9 — Power supply variation
7.13 Test No. 10 — Electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic equipment
7.14 Test No. 11 — Enclosure
7.15 Test No. 12 — Additional coverings for sensors
7.16 Test No. 13 — Access
7.17 Test No. 14 — Performance Level (PL) according to GB/T 168
7.18 Test No. 15 — Adjustments
7.19 Test No. 16 — Sensor fixing and mechanical strength
7.20 Test No. 17 — Recovery after deformation
7.21 Test No. 18 — Connections
7.22 Test No. 19 — Sharp corners, sharp edges and rough surfaces
7.23 Test No. 20 — Mechanical features
7.24 Test No. 21 — Inhibition and blocking
7.25 Test No. 22 — Marking
7.26 Test No. 23 — Information for selection and use
Annex A (Normative) Timing diagrams for pressure-sensitive edges/bars with/without reset
Annex B (Informative) Operating speed, force and travel — Explanatory remarks and recommendations
Annex C (Informative) Device selection guidance for machinery manufacturer/user
Annex D (Informative) Design guidance
Annex E (Informative) Application guidance
Annex F (Informative) Guidance on commissioning and testing after installation
Annex G (Informative) General considerations for systems meeting GB/T 16855.1, category
Bibliography

机械安全 压敏保护装置 第2部分：
压敏边和压敏棒的设计和试验通则
1 范围
GB/T 17454的本部分规定了用作安全防护装置而不是用作常规操作驱动装置的压敏边和压敏棒的设计和试验一般原则和要求。
本部分适用于带或不带外部复位装置，用于感测暴露于危险中(例如：机器移动部件造成的危险)的人体或人体部位的压敏边和压敏棒。
本部分不适用于：
——确定压敏边或压敏棒是否适用于特定的安全防护；
——为控制系统安全相关部件(SRP/CS)选择合适的性能等级(PL)，而不是给出最小值；
——确定与任何特定应用相关的压敏边或压敏棒有效敏感区的尺寸或结构；
——符合GB 5226.1，且仅用于机器正常操作的停止装置，包括用于机器紧急停机的装置。
本部分给出了需由制造商提供的信息的要求，目的是协助选择合适的压敏边和压敏棒并正确应用。
在老人、残疾人或小孩容易接近的地方使用压敏边和压敏棒，需要考虑附加要求。
2规范性引用文件
下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。
GB 5226.1—2008机械电气安全 机械电气设备 第1部分：通用技术条件(IEC 60204—1：2005，IDT)
GB/T 7251.1—2013低压成套开关设备和控制设备 第1部分：总则(IEC 61439—1：2011，IDT)
GB/T 15706—2012机械安全 设计通则 风险评估与风险减小(ISO 12100：2010，IDT)
GB/T 16855.1—2008机械安全 控制系统有关安全部件 第1部分：设计通则(ISO 13849—1：2006，IDT)
GB/T 16935.1—2008低压系统内设备的绝缘配合 第1部分：原理、要求和试验(IEC 60664—1：2007，IDT)
ISO 4413液压传动 系统及其元件的通用规则和安全要求(Hydraulic fluid power—General rules and safety requirements for systems and their components)
ISO 4414气动系统 系统及其元件的通用规则和安全要求(Pneumatic fluid power—General rules and safety requirements for systems and their components)
ISO 13849—2机械安全 控制系统有关安全部件 第2部分：确认(Safety of machinery—Safety-related parts of control systems—Part 2：Validation)
IEC 60068—2—6 环境试验 第2-6部分：试验方法 试验Fc：振动(正弦)[Environmental testing—Part 2-6：Tests—Test Fc：Vibration(sinusoidal)]
IEC 60068—2—14环境试验 第2—14部分：试验方法 试验N：温度变化(Environmental testing—Part 2—14：Tests—Test N：Change of temperature)
IEC 60068—2—27环境试验 第2—27部分：试验方法 试验Ea和导则：碰撞(Environmental tes-ting—Part 2—27：Tests—Test Ea and guidance：Shock)
IEC 60068—2—78 环境试验 第2—78部分：试验-试验Cab：恒定湿热试验(Environmental testing—Part 2—78：Tests—Test Cab：Damp heat，steady state)
IEC 60529外壳防护等级(IP代码)[Degrees of protection provided by enclosures(IP code)]
IEC 60947—5—1：2003 低压开关设备和控制设备 第5—1部分：控制电路电器和开关元件 机电式控制电路电器(Low—voltage switchgear and controlgear—Part 5—1：Control circuit devices and switching elements—Electromechanical control circuit devices)
IEC 61000—4—2电磁兼容(EMC)第4—2部分：试验和测量技术 静电放电抗扰度试验[Electro—magnetic compatibility(EMC)—Part 4—2：Testing and measuring techniques—Electrostatic discharge immunity test]
IEC 61000—4—3 电磁兼容(EMC)第4—3部分：试验和测量技术 射频电磁场辐射抗扰度试验[Electromagnetic compatibility(EMC)—Part 4—3：Testing and measurement techniques—Radiated，radio-frequency，electromagnetic field immunity test]
IEC 61000—4—4 电磁兼容(EMC)第4—4部分：试验和测量技术 电快速瞬变脉冲群抗扰度试验[Electromagnetic compatibility(EMC)—Part 4-4：Testing and measurement techniques—Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test]
IEC 61000—4—5电磁兼容(EMC)第4—5部分：试验和测量技术 浪涌(冲击)抗扰度试验[Electromagnetic compatibility(EMC)-Part 4—5：Testing and measurement techniques Surge immunity test]
IEC 61000—4—6 电磁兼容(EMC)第4-6部分：试验和测量技术 射频场感应的传导骚扰抗扰度[Electromagnetic compatibility(EMC)—Part 4-6：Testing and measurement techniques—Immunity to conducted disturbances，induced by radio—frequency fields]
IEC 61000—6—2电磁兼容(EMC)第6—2部分：通用标准工业环境中的抗扰度试验[Electro-magnetic compatibility(EMC)—Part 6-2：Generic standards—Immunity forindustrial environments]
3术语和定义
GB/T 15706和GB/T 16855.1界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。
3.1
压敏边pressure-sensitive edge
“机械驱动脱扣”类敏感保护设备，由一个或多个传感器(3.3)、一个控制单元和一个或多个输出信号开关装置(3.5)组成，用于感测人体或人体部位的接触，其有效敏感区(3.9)局部变形驱动传感器。
注1：压力作用于其表面一部分时，传感器产生一个信号。控制单元对来自传感器的信号作出响应，并产生一个给机器控制系统的输出信号。
注2：传感器的长度大于宽度。整个压敏区的横截面不变，其宽度通常为8 mm～80 mm。
注3：敏感保护设备的定义见GB/T 15706—2012，3.28.5。
3.2
压敏棒 pressure-sensitive bar
“机械驱动脱扣”类敏感保护设备，由一个或多个传感器(3.3)、一个控制单元和一个或多个输出信号开关装置(3.5)组成，用于感测人体或人体部位的接触，其有效敏感区(3.9)整体移动驱动传感器。
注1：压力作用于其表面一部分时，传感器产生一个信号。控制单元对来自传感器的信号作出响应，并产生一个给机器控制系统的输出信号。
注2：传感器的长度大于宽度。整个压敏区的横截面不变，其宽度通常为8 mm～80 mm。
注3：敏感保护设备的定义见GB/T 15706—2012，3.28.5。
3.3
传感器sensor
压敏边(3.1)或压敏棒(3.2)的组成部分，当作用于其表面一部分的压力足够大时，会产生响应信号。
注：3.3～3.5定义了压敏边或压敏棒的功能元件。这些功能既可集成在单个组件中，也可分散在多个单独的组件中(见图1)。例如：一个简单的用于驱动位置开关的压敏边或压敏棒可以看成是传感器、控制单元和输出信号开关装置。
3.4
控制单元 control unit
压敏边(3.1)或压敏棒(3.2)的组成部分，响应传感器(3.3)的状态，并产生给机器控制系统的输出信号。
注：3.3～3.5定义了压敏边或压敏棒的功能元件。这些功能既可集成在单个组件中，也可分散在多个单独的组件中(见图1)。例如：一个简单的用于驱动位置开关的压敏边或压敏棒可以看成是传感器、控制单元和输出信号开关装置。
3.5
输出信号开关装置output signal switching device
压敏边(3.1)或压敏棒(3.2)控制单元的组成部分，与机器控制系统相连并传输输出信号。
注：3.3～3.5定义了压敏边或压敏棒的功能元件。这些功能既可集成在单个组件中，也可分散在多个单独的组件中(见图1)。例如：一个简单的用于驱动位置开关的压敏边或压敏棒可以看成是传感器、控制单元和输出信号开关装置。

说明：
1——压敏边或压敏棒；
2——传感器；
3——控制单元*；
4——输出信号开关装置*；
5——用于压敏边或压敏棒输出信号处理的机器控制系统组成部分；
a——驱动力；
b——传感器输出；
c——接通(ON)状态/断开(OFF)状态信号；
d——手动复位信号**；
e——来自机器控制系统的复位信号(根据具体情况)；
f——监测信号(可选)；
g——去机器控制系统的手动复位信号***；
h——机器控制系统。
* 可以布置在机器控制系统内，或者作为机器控制系统的一部分。
** 根据具体情况，可以用来替代g。
*** 根据具体情况，可以用来替代d。
图1 机器用压敏边/压敏棒的系统原理图
3.6
接通(ON)状态ON state
输出信号开关装置(3.5)输出回路接通并允许电流或流体流动的状态。
3.7
断开(OFF)状态OFF state
输出信号开关装置(3.5)的输出回路断开并中断电流或流体流动的状态。
3.8
驱动力 actuating force
任何作用于传感器(3.3)并能使输出信号开关装置(3.5)变为断开(OFF)状态(3.7)的力。
3.9
有效敏感区effective sensing surface
有效敏感角度(3.12)和有效敏感长度(3.10)内传感器或传感器组合的表面的一部分，施加驱动力(3.8)会在输出信号开关装置(3.5)内产生断开(OFF)状态(3.7)。
注：示例见图2和图3。
3.10
有效敏感长度effective sensing length
有效敏感区(3.9)的长度。
3.11
参考轴 reference axis
与传感器(3.3)长度方向一致的直线，其在传感器横断面视图上的位置被用来定义有效敏感区(3.9)。
注：见图2和图3。
3.12
有效敏感角度effective sensing angle
绕参考轴(3.11)的角度，沿着有效敏感长度(3.10)限定有效敏感区(3.9)。
注：见图2和图3。
3.13
参考方向 reference direction
驱动方向，从有效敏感区(3.9)的一点指向参考轴(3.11)，把有效敏感角度(3.12)一分为二且垂直于参考轴。
注：见图2和图3。
3.14
死区dead surface
传感器(3.3)上表面有效敏感区(3.9)以外的部分。
注：示例见图2和图3。
3.15
预行程pre-travel
规定条件下，物体沿参考轴(3.11)垂直方向和所施加驱动力(3.8)轴线行进的距离。此距离从物体接触有效敏感区(3.9)的位置开始测量，终止于输出信号开关装置(3.5)变为断开(OFF)状态(3.7)的位置。
注：见图4。
3.16
工作行程 working travel
规定条件下，物体沿参考轴(3.11)垂直方向行进的距离。此距离从物体接触有效敏感区(3.9)的位置开始，到物体的受力达到规定限值的位置终止。
注：见图4。
3.17
超行程 overtravel
在相同条件下，用同一物体测得的工作行程(3.16)和预行程(3.15)的差值。
注：见图4。
3.18
力-行程的关系 force-travel relationship
规定条件下，沿参考轴(3.11)法线方向施加的力与指定物体沿参考轴法线方向移动的距离之间的关系。
注：见图4。
3.19
复位 reset
假如满足一定条件，允许输出信号开关装置(3.5)处于接通(ON)状态(3.6)的功能。
3.20
总行程total travel
在驱动力(3.8)方向上测量的，从与有效敏感区接触位置开始，至其不再有明显变形位置终止，压敏边(3.1)或压敏棒(3.2)的有效敏感区(3.9)的位移或变形(如施加600 N的力)。
3.21
启动联锁 start interlock
压敏边(3.1)或压敏棒(3.2)动力源(例如：电动力源)接通或中断后恢复时，防止机器自动启动的方法。
3.22
操作速度 operating speed
物体压在传感器(3.3)上并使输出信号开关装置(3.5)进入断开(OFF)状态(3.7)的速度。
4设计和试验要求
4.1有效敏感区
注：在本部分中，“正常工作”是指符合第4章的要求，并按照第7章进行验证。
压敏保护装置制造商应按照图2和图3，通过给出X、Y、Z的尺寸，角度α和β，以及有效敏感长度L对有效敏感区进行陈述。
高度(见图2)X+Z≥40 mm的压敏保护装置，其有效敏感角度应大于或等于90°。
高度X+Z<40 mm的压敏保护装置，其有效敏感角度应至少为40°。
如果有效敏感角度小于90°，应在使用信息中给出明确警告(见第6章)。

a)对称，末端有死区
图2压敏边的有效敏感区

b)对称，末端无死区

c)不对称，末端有死区

d)不对称，末端无死区
说明：
1——参考方向；
2——参考轴；
L——有效敏感长度；
α——有效敏感角度；
β——见7.5.2；
——有效敏感区；
——死区。
图2(续)

说明：
1——参考方向；
2——参考轴；
L——有效敏感长度；
α——有效敏感角度；
β——见7.5.2；
——有效敏感区；
——死区。
图3压敏棒的有效敏感区
4.2驱动力
试验方法见7.5和7.6。
警告：本条款中规定的力主要用于评估装置的压敏性能，不宜认为这些力是安全的(指南参见附录C和GB/T 8196—2003的5.2.5.2)。
施加规定的最小驱动力后，压敏边或压敏棒的传感器应产生一个足以使输出信号开关装置转变到断开(OFF)状态的输出信号。向参考轴垂直施加驱动力时，此要求也应得到满足。如果传感器采用制造商规定可以使用的安装方向进行安装，以不同试验速度(从最小操作速度到最大操作作速度)在整个工作温度范围内施加于有效敏感区的驱动力不应超过表2规定的值。
表2试件与驱动力的关系
试件(见图5) 1 2 3
驱动力/N 150 600 50

试件3应只适用于设计用来感测手指的压敏边和压敏棒。
4.3预行程
试验方法见7.7.2。
预行程不应大于制造商规定的值。
4.4工作行程
试验方法见7.7.3。
工作行程不应小于制造商规定的值。
4.5超行程
试验方法见7.7.4。
超行程不应小于制造商规定的值。
4.6力-行程的关系
试验方法见7.7.1。
压敏边或压敏棒的制造商应以图4所示的形式，给出一个典型样品的力-行程关系数据。此数据应由通过试件1(见图5)施加的力来确定。制造商应给出确定此数据时的温度、操作速度、安装方向以及操作方向。
每个图表应至少给出以下内容：
——驱动力和预行程(图4中的A点)；
——250 N反作用力(图4中的B1点，见注2)或C类标准规定的力对应的工作行程(见注3)；
——400 N反作用力(图4中的82点，见注2)或C类标准规定的力对应的工作行程(见注3)；
——400 N以上时的力-行程关系，例如600 N(图4中的C点)。
注1：操作方向取决于压敏边或压敏棒的预定用途。
注2：关于可接受的力参见引言以及附录C。
注3：250 N、400 N和600 N的反作用力仅作为示例给出。如果C类标准给出了最大允许的力，则可从图4所示力行程曲线对应的点获得工作行程。

说明：
A——预行程(最大操作速度时的驱动点和驱动力)；
B——工作行程(例如：操作速度≤10 mm/s时，作用力250 N或400 N对应的力-行程点B1和B2)；
C——总行程(例如：操作速度≤10 mm/s时，作用力600 N对应的行程)；
1——参考力；
2——最小驱动力；
a——力，单位为牛顿(N)；
b——行程，单位为毫米(mm)；
c——预行程；
d——250 N时的超行程；
e——250 N时的工作行程；
f——400 N时的超行程；
g——400 N时的工作行程；
h——总行程。
注：通过图5中的试件1施加力。
图4 力-行程关系图
单位为毫米
公差为±0.2

a)试件1

b)试件2

c)试件3
a仅用于安装。
图5试件1～试件3(见7.3)
4.7最小操作速度
试验方法见7.6。
最小操作速度不应超过10 mm/s。
4.8动作次数
试验方法见7.8。
4.8.1 一般要求
压敏边和/或压敏棒满足4.8.2和4.8.3的要求时可认为是经验证的元件。
4.8.2单个传感器
试验方法见7.8.1。
动作10 000次后，压敏边或压敏棒不应有影响安全性能的缺陷(见7.8.3)。此要求适用于单独或组合使用的单个传感器(见4.8.3)。
4.8.3传感器组合
试验方法见7.8.2。
如果有效敏感区由多个传感器组成，在每个接缝处再操作10 000次后，压敏边或压敏棒不应有影响安全性能的缺陷(见7.8.3)。
4.9传感器的输出
试验方法见7.9。
垂直于参考轴向有效敏感区施加驱动力时，传感器的输出值应使输出信号开关装置转变为断开(OFF)状态。
4.10输出信号开关装置对驱动力的响应
试验方法见7.9和7.10。
4.10.1 只要施加驱动力传感器输出就保持断开(OFF)状态的系统
垂直于参考轴施加最小驱动力时，输出信号开关装置应由接通(ON)状态转变为断开(OFF)状态，且只要施加驱动力，输出信号开关装置就应保持断开(OFF)状态。
见附录A。
4.10.2驱动力保持，传感器输出不保持断开状态的系统
垂直于参考轴施加最小驱动力时，输出信号开关装置应由接通(ON)状态转变为断开(OFF)状态。由于输出信号开关装置在驱动力保持的情况下会回复到接通(ON)状态，需要采取附加保护措施，保证没有危险。只有在施加复位信号(见附录A)后，或者采取附加安全措施后(如危险运动自动逆转)，输出信号开关装置才可能回复到接通(ON)状态。应在使用信息中规定此类附加措施，见6.3。
与具体应用相关的系统见附录A和附录G。
4.11 复位功能
试验方法见7.10。
压敏边或压敏棒的复位功能应满足GB/T 16855.1—2008中5.2.2的一般要求和附录A的功能要求。
为了复位压敏边或压敏棒的启动联锁或重启联锁功能，应按以下方式施加复位信号：
——直接施加于压敏保护装置的控制单元，或
——通过机器控制系统施加。
如果提供了手动复位，其运行应符合附录A和GB/T 16855.1—2008的5.2.2。
4.12环境条件
试验方法见7.11。
4.12.1 一般要求
在制造商声明的环境条件下，压敏边或压敏棒应能连续正常工作。4.12.2～4.12.5规定了最低要求。
4.12.2气候条件
试验方法见7.11.2和7.11.3。
在以下气候条件下，压敏边或压敏棒应能连续正常工作：
——最小的温度范围应为+5℃～+40℃。如果制造商声明压敏边或压敏棒能在更大的温度范围内工作，那么在该温度范围内也应满足此要求(见7.11.2)；
——在相对湿度为93％，温度为+40℃的环境中存放4天后，系统应能连续正常工作(见7.11)并且保持电气绝缘的完整性(见7.11.3)。
4.12.3 电磁兼容性
试验方法见7.11.4。
在表13给出的条件下，压敏边或压敏棒应能连续正常工作。
注：压敏边或压敏棒可设计成能提供更高的抗扰度水平。