标准编号:	GB 55002-2021
中文名称:	建筑与市政工程抗震通用规范
英文名称:	General code for seismic precaution of buildings and municipal engineering
行业分类:	GB    国家标准
发布机构:	中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部
发布日期:	2021-04-09
实施日期:	2022-1-1
标准状态:	现行
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	85000 字
翻译价格(元):	5480.00 元
交付时间:	付款后 1 个工作日

Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.



In order to adapt to the general rules of international technical regulations and technical standards, since 2016, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has successively issued documents such as Opinions on furthering the reform of standardization of engineering construction, which put forward the long-term goal for the government to develop mandatory standards and for social organizations to develop voluntary standards and define the reform task of gradually replacing the mandatory provisions scattered in current standards with full-text mandatory engineering construction codes, gradually forming a "technical regulations" system composed of technical provisions in laws, administrative regulations and departmental rules and full-text mandatory engineering construction codes.



About the types of codes. The mandatory engineering construction code system covers all kinds of construction projects in the field of engineering construction, namely, engineering project codes (hereinafter referred to as project codes) and general technical codes (hereinafter referred to as general codes). A project code takes the whole engineering construction project as the object, with five major factors, namely, project scale, layout, function, performance and key technical measures, as the main content. A general code takes the general technology of each discipline to meet the function and performance requirements of the engineering construction project as the object, with the general technical requirements such as survey, design, construction, repair and maintenance as the main content. In the full-text mandatory engineering construction code system, the project codes are the core, while the general codes specify the common and general professional key technical measures for all kinds of projects.



About the five major factor indicators. The factors in the mandatory engineering construction codes are the basic provisions to ensure the systematization and efficiency improvement of urban and rural infrastructure construction, and the basic requirements to support the high-quality development of urban and rural construction. The scale requirements for a project mainly stipulate that a construction project shall have complete production or service capacity and shall adapt to the level of economic and social development. The layout requirements for the project mainly stipulate the industrial layout, site selection, overall design, general layout and integrated technical requirements coordinated with the scale for the construction project. Reasonable distribution of supply capacity shall be considered to improve the overall level of related facilities construction. The function requirements for the project mainly stipulate the composition and purpose of the project and clarify the basic components of the project, which are the guarantee for the project to play its expected role. The performance requirements for the project mainly stipulate the construction level or technical level of the construction project, reflect the applicability of the construction project, and define the basic levels that the project shall achieve in the aspects of quality, safety, energy conservation, environmental protection, livable environment and sustainable development. Key technical measures are the basic technical regulations for realizing the function and performance requirements of a construction project, and they are the basic guarantee for achieving the development goals of urban and rural construction such as safety, green, resilience, wisdom, livability, fairness and efficiency.



About the implementation of codes. Mandatory engineering construction codes have mandatory binding force, which specify the control requirements and bottom lines for ensuring people's life and property safety, personal health, engineering safety, ecological environment safety, public rights and interests as well as promoting energy and resource conservation and meeting economic and social management, and they must be strictly implemented in the whole process of construction activities such as survey, design, construction, acceptance, repair, maintenance and demolition of engineering construction projects. For existing building renovation projects (where existing use functions are not changed), the stringency of the code implemented shall not be inferior to that implemented in construction if the conditions are not available and it is really difficult to implement the current codes. The voluntary engineering construction standards corresponding to the mandatory engineering construction codes are mature technical measures that have been tested by practice and guarantee to meet the requirements of the mandatory codes, and they shall also be implemented under normal circumstances. On the premise of meeting the project function and performance requirements and key technical measures stipulated in mandatory engineering construction codes, relevant group standards and enterprise standards may be reasonably selected to optimize the project function and performance or improve their levels. Voluntary engineering construction standards, group standards and enterprise standards shall be coordinated and match with mandatory engineering construction codes, and all technical requirements shall not be lower than the relevant technical levels of mandatory engineering construction codes.



After the implementation of a mandatory engineering construction code, the mandatory provisions in the current national standards and professional standards related to engineering construction shall be abolished at the same time. The mandatory provisions in the current provincial standards for engineering construction shall be revised in time, and shall not be less stringent than the provisions of the mandatory engineering construction codes. If the relevant provisions in current engineering construction standards (including mandatory and voluntary ones) are inconsistent with those of the mandatory engineering construction codes, the provisions of the mandatory engineering construction codes shall prevail.





Contents



1 General 1

2 Basic provisions 1

2.1 Performance requirements 1

2.2 Seismic influences 2

2.3 Seismic precautionary category and criterion 3

2.4 Seismic system of engineering 4

3 Seismic precaution of site and subgrade and foundation 6

3.1 Seismic survey of site 6

3.2 Seismic precaution of subgrade and foundation 7

4 Earthquake action and seismic checking 8

4.1 General requirements 8

4.2 Earthquake action 9

4.3 Seismic checking 12

5 Seismic measures of building engineering 14

5.1 General requirements 14

5.2 Buildings of concrete structure 18

5.3 Steel frame buildings 20

5.4 Steel-concrete composite structure buildings 21

5.5 Masonry structure buildings 23

5.6 Wood frame buildings 28

5.7 Earth-stone structure buildings 29

5.8 Combined bearing structure building 31

6 Seismic measures of municipal engineering 33

6.1 Bridges of cities and towns 33

6.2 Urban and rural water supply, drainage, gas and heating engineering 36

6.3 Underground engineering structure 40







1 General



1.0.1 This code is prepared with a view to implementing the national laws and regulations on earthquake prevention and disaster mitigation of buildings and municipal engineering, executing the prevention first policy and reducing the earthquake damage and economic loss and avoiding casualties of buildings and municipal engineering after taking seismic precautionary measures.



1.0.2 All kinds of constructed, extended and renovated buildings and municipal engineering in areas with seismic precautionary intensity of 6 or above must take seismic precautionary measures, and the survey, design, construction, use and maintenance of engineering projects must follow this code.



1.0.3 Whether the technical methods and measures adopted in the engineering construction meet the requirements of this code shall be judged by the relevant responsibility subjects. Innovative technical methods and measures shall be demonstrated and meet the performance requirements in this code.



2 Basic provisions



2.1 Performance requirements



2.1.1 For all kinds of seismic precautionary buildings and municipal engineering, the seismic design objectives shall meet the following requirements:



1 Under frequent earthquakes lower than the precautionary intensity in this area, the main structures and municipal pipe network systems of all kinds of engineering shall not be damaged or shall be serviceable after being repaired.



2 Under fortified earthquake equivalent to the precautionary intensity in this area, buildings, structures, bridge structures, underground engineering structures and so on in all kinds of engineering may be damaged, but they can continue to be used after general repair; the damage of municipal pipe network shall be controlled within a local range and shall not cause secondary disasters.



3 Under rare earthquakes higher than the precautionary intensity in this area, buildings, structures, bridge structures, underground engineering structures and so on in all kinds of engineering will not collapse or cause serious life-threatening damage; the damage of municipal pipe network will not cause serious secondary disasters, and can be quickly restored after emergency repair.



2.1.2 For seismic precautionary buildings and municipal engineering, the exceeding probability level of frequent ground motion, precautionary ground motion and rare ground motion shall not be lower than those specified in Table 2.1.2.



Table 2.1.2 Exceeding probability level of ground motion at all levels of buildings and municipal engineering

Frequent ground motion Precautionary ground motion Rare ground motion

Residential buildings and public buildings, urban bridges, urban water supply and drainage engineering, urban gas and heating engineering, and urban underground engineering structures (excluding urban underground utility tunnel) 63.2%/50 years 10%/50 years 2%/50 years

Urban underground utility tunnel 63.2%/100 years 10%/100 years 2%/100 years



2.2 Seismic influences



2.2.1 The seismic precautionary intensity of all kinds of buildings and municipal engineering shall not be lower than that of this area.



2.2.2 The seismic influences suffered by each location shall be characterized by the design basic acceleration of ground motion and the characteristic period corresponding to the seismic precautionary intensity, which shall meet the following requirements:



1 The corresponding relationship between seismic precautionary intensity and design basic acceleration of ground motion in each location shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 2.2.2-1.



Table 2.2.2-1 Corresponding relationship between seismic precautionary intensity and design basic acceleration of ground motion in Category II site

Seismic precautionary intensity Intensity 6 Intensity 7 Intensity 8 Intensity 9

Design basic acceleration of ground motion in Category II site 0.05 g 0.10 g 0.15 g 0.20 g 0.30 g 0.40 g



2 The characteristic period shall be determined according to the design earthquake group and site category of the engineering location in accordance with 4.2.2 of this code. The design earthquake group shall be determined according to the characteristic period of basic ground motion acceleration response spectrum under Category II site conditions in the current national standard GB 18306 Seismic ground motion parameters zonation map of China in accordance with those specified in Table 2.2.2-2. The type of engineering site shall be determined according to the provisions of 3.1.3 of this code.



Table 2.2.2-2 Corresponding relationship between design earthquake group and characteristic period of ground motion acceleration response spectrum in Category II site

Design earthquake group Group I Group II Group III

Characteristic period of basic ground motion acceleration response spectrum in Category II site 0.35 s 0.40 s 0.45 s



2.3 Seismic precautionary category and criterion



2.3.1 All kinds of seismic precautionary buildings and municipal engineering shall be divided into the following four seismic precautionary categories according to the factors such as casualties, economic losses, social impact and their role in earthquake relief after earthquake damage:



1 Special precautionary category shall refer to the facilities with special use requirements, major buildings and municipal engineering affecting national public safety, and buildings and municipal engineering that need special precaution as they may have serious secondary disasters and other particularly serious disaster consequences during earthquakes, referred to as Category A for short.



2 Key precautionary category shall refer to the lifeline-related buildings and municipal engineering that cannot stop service or need to be restored as soon as possible during earthquakes, and buildings and municipal engineering that need higher precautionary criteria as they may cause great casualties and other major disaster consequences during earthquakes, referred to as Category B for short.



3 Standard precautionary category shall refer to the buildings and municipal engineering fortified according to the standard requirements except paragraphs 1, 2 and 4 of this Sub-clause, referred to as Category C for short.



4 Moderate precautionary category shall refer to the buildings and municipal engineering that allows slightly lower precautionary requirements under certain conditions since they have few working personnel and will not cause secondary disasters after earthquake damage, referred to as Category D for short.



2.3.2 For the buildings and municipal engineering of all seismic precautionary categories, the seismic precautionary criteria shall meet the following requirements:



1 For the standard precautionary category, the seismic measures and earthquake actions shall be determined according to the local seismic precautionary intensity, so as to achieve the seismic design objective of not collapsing or causing serious life-threatening damage under the estimated rare earthquake higher than the local seismic precautionary intensity.



2 For the key precautionary category, higher seismic measures shall be taken according to the requirements for a seismic precautionary intensity one degree higher than the local one; however, when the seismic precautionary intensity is 9, seismic measures shall be taken according to the requirements for a seismic precautionary intensity higher than 9; the seismic measures of subgrade and foundation shall meet the relevant requirements. Meanwhile, the earthquake actions shall be determined according to the local seismic precautionary intensity.

1 General
2 Basic provisions
2.1 Performance requirements
2.2 Seismic influences
2.3 Seismic precautionary category and criterion
2.4 Seismic system of engineering
3 Seismic precaution of site and subgrade and foundation
3.1 Seismic survey of site
3.2 Seismic precaution of subgrade and foundation
4 Earthquake action and seismic checking
4.1 General requirements
4.2 Earthquake action
4.3 Seismic checking
5 Seismic measures of building engineering
5.1 General requirements
5.2 Buildings of concrete structure
5.3 Steel frame buildings
5.4 Steel-concrete composite structure buildings
5.5 Masonry structure buildings
5.6 Wood frame buildings
5.7 Earth-stone structure buildings
5.8 Combined bearing structure building
6 Seismic measures of municipal engineering
6.1 Bridges of cities and towns
6.2 Urban and rural water supply, drainage, gas and heating engineering
6.3 Underground engineering structure

1 总则
1.0.1 为贯彻执行国家有关建筑和市政工程防震减灾的法律法规，落实预防为主的方针，使建筑与市政工程经抗震设防后达到减轻地震破坏、避免人员伤亡、减少经济损失的目的，制定本规范。
1.0.2 抗震设防烈度6度及以上地区的各类新建、扩建、改建建筑与市政工程必须进行抗震设防，工程项目的勘察、设计、施工、使用维护等必须执行本规范。
1.0.3 工程建设所采用的技术方法和措施是否符合本规范要求，由相关责任主体判定。其中，创新性的技术方法和措施，应进行论证并符合本规范中有关性能的要求。
2 基本规定
2.1 性能要求
2.1.1 抗震设防的各类建筑与市政工程，其抗震设防目标应符合下列规定：
1 当遭遇低于本地区设防烈度的多遇地震影响时，各类工程的主体结构和市政管网系统不受损坏或不需修理可继续使用。
2 当遭遇相当于本地区设防烈度的设防地震影响时，各类工程中的建筑物、构筑物、桥梁结构、地下工程结构等可能发生损伤，但经一般性修理可继续使用；市政管网的损坏应控制在局部范围内，不应造成次生灾害。
3 当遭遇高于本地区设防烈度的罕遇地震影响时，各类工程中的建筑物、构筑物、桥梁结构、地下工程结构等不致倒塌或发生危及生命的严重破坏；市政管网的损坏不致引发严重次生灾害，经抢修可快速恢复使用。
2.1.2 抗震设防的建筑与市政工程，其多遇地震动、设防地震动和罕遇地震动的超越概率水准不应低于表2.1.2的规定。
表2.1.2 建筑与市政工程的各级地震动的超越概率水准
... ...
... ...
2.3 抗震设防分类和设防标准
2.3.1 抗震设防的各类建筑与市政工程，均应根据其遭受地震破坏后可能造成的人员伤亡、经济损失、社会影响程度及其在抗震救灾中的作用等因素划分为下列四个抗震设防类别：
1 特殊设防类应为使用上有特殊要求的设施，涉及国家公共安全的重大建筑与市政工程和地震时可能发生严重次生灾害等特别重大灾害后果，需要进行特殊设防的建筑与市政工程，简称甲类。
2 重点设防类应为地震时使用功能不能中断或需尽快恢复的生命线相关建筑与市政工程，以及地震时可能导致大量人员伤亡等重大灾害后果，需要提高设防标准的建筑与市政工程，简称乙类。
3 标准设防类应为除本条第1款、第2款、第4款以外按标准要求进行设防的建筑与市政工程，简称丙类。
4 适度设防类应为使用上人员稀少且震损不致产生次生灾害，允许在一定条件下适度降低设防要求的建筑与市政工程，简称丁类。
2.3.2 各抗震设防类别建筑与市政工程，其抗震设防标准应符合下列规定：
1 标准设防类，应按本地区抗震设防烈度确定其抗震措施和地震作用，达到在遭遇高于当地抗震设防烈度的预估罕遇地震影响时不致倒塌或发生危及生命安全的严重破坏的抗震设防目标。
2 重点设防类，应按本地区抗震设防烈度提高一度的要求加强其抗震措施；但抗震设防烈度为9度时应按比9度更高的要求采取抗震措施；地基基础的抗震措施，应符合有关规定。同时，应按本地区抗震设防烈度确定其地震作用。
3 特殊设防类，应按本地区抗震设防烈度提高一度的要求加强其抗震措施；但抗震设防烈度为9度时应按比9度更高的要求采取抗震措施。同时，应按批准的地震安全性评价的结果且高于本地区抗震设防烈度的要求确定其地震作用。
4 适度设防类，允许比本地区抗震设防烈度的要求适当降低其抗震措施，但抗震设防烈度为6度时不应降低。一般情况下，仍应按本地区抗震设防烈度确定其地震作用。
5 当工程场地为Ⅰ类时，对特殊设防类和重点设防类工程，允许按本地区设防烈度的要求采取抗震构造措施；对标准设防类工程，抗震构造措施允许按本地区设防烈度降低一度、但不得低于6度的要求采用。
6 对于城市桥梁，其多遇地震作用尚应根据抗震设防类别的不同乘以相应的重要性系数进行调整。特殊设防类、重点设防类、标准设防类以及适度设防类的城市桥梁，其重要性系数分别不应低于2.0、1.7、1.3和1.0。
2.4 工程抗震体系
2.4.1 建筑与市政工程的抗震体系应根据工程抗震设防类别、抗震设防烈度、工程空间尺度、场地条件、地基条件、结构材料和施工等因素，经技术、经济和使用条件综合比较确定，并应符合下列规定：
1 应具有清晰、合理的地震作用传递途径。
2 应具备必要的刚度、强度和耗能能力。
3 应具有避免因部分结构或构件破坏而导致整个结构丧失抗震能力或对重力荷载的承载能力。
4 结构构件应具有足够的延性，避免脆性破坏。
5 桥梁结构尚应有可靠的位移约束措施，防止地震时发生落梁破坏。
2.4.2 建筑工程的抗震体系应符合下列规定：
1 结构体系应具有足够的牢固性和抗震冗余度。
2 楼、屋面应具有足够的面内刚度和整体性。采用装配整体式楼、屋面时，应采取措施保证楼、屋面的整体性及其与竖向抗侧力构件的连接。
3 基础应具有良好的整体性和抗转动能力，避免地震时基础转动加重建筑震害。
4 构件连接的设计与构造应能保证节点或锚固件的破坏不先于构件或连接件的破坏。
2.4.3 城镇给水排水和燃气热力工程的抗震体系应符合下列规定：
1 同一结构单元应具有良好的整体性。
2 埋地管道应采用延性良好的管材或沿线设置柔性连接措施。
3 装配式结构的连接构造，应保证结构的整体性及抗震性能要求。
4 管道与构筑物或固定设备连接时，应采用柔性连接构造。
2.4.4 相邻建(构)筑物之间或同一建筑物不同结构单体之间的伸缩缝、沉降缝、防震缝等结构缝应采取有效措施，避免地震下碰撞或挤压产生破坏。
2.4.5 抗震结构体系对结构材料(包含专用的结构设备)、施工工艺的特别要求，应在设计文件上注明。
3 场地与地基基础抗震
3.1 场地抗震勘察
3.1.1 建筑与市政工程的场地抗震勘察应符合下列规定：
1 根据工程场址所处地段的地质环境等情况，应对地段抗震性能作出有利、一般、不利或危险的评价。
2 应对工程场地的类别进行评价与划分。
3 对工程场地的地震稳定性能，如液化、震陷、横向扩展、崩塌和滑坡等，应进行评价，并应给出相应的工程防治措施建议方案。
4 对条状突出的山嘴、高耸孤立的山丘、非岩石和强风化岩石的陡坡、河岸和边坡边缘等不利地段，尚应提供相对高差、坡角、场址距突出地形边缘的距离等参数的勘测结果。
5 对存在隐伏断裂的不利地段，应查明工程场地覆盖层厚度以及距主断裂带的距离。
6 对需要采用场址人工地震波进行时程分析法补充计算的工程，尚应根据设计要求提供土层剖面、场地覆盖层厚度以及其他有关的动力参数。
3.1.2 建筑与市政工程进行场地勘察时，应根据工程需要和地震活动情况、工程地质和地震地质等有关资料按表3.1.2对地段进行综合评价。对不利地段，应尽量避开；当无法避开时应采取有效的抗震措施。对危险地段，严禁建造甲、乙、丙类建筑。
表3.1.2 有利、一般、不利和危险地段的划分